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Ochotonidae is a family of small mammals in the order Lagomorpha. A member of this family is called an ochotonid or, colloquially, a pika. They are widespread throughout Asia and western North America, and are generally found in grassland, shrubland, and rocky biomes. Pikas are all roughly the same shape and size, with no tails, ranging from the 11 cm (4 in) long Gansu pika to the 29 cm (11 in) long northern pika. No species have population estimates and many have not yet had their conservation status evaluated, though the Helan Shan pika, Hoffmann's pika, Ili pika, and Koslov's pika are considered endangered.

The 34 extant species of Ochotonidae are contained within a single genus, Ochotona, though that genus is sometimes split into four subgenera: Alienauroa, Conothoa (mountain pikas), Ochotona (shrub-steppe pikas), and Pika (northern pikas). Many extinct Ochotonidae species have been discovered, though due to ongoing research and discoveries the exact number and categorization is not fixed.[1]

Conventions

IUCN Red List categories
Conservation status
EX	Extinct (0 species)
EW	Extinct in the wild (0 species)
CR	Critically Endangered (0 species)
EN	Endangered (4 species)
VU	Vulnerable (0 species)
NT	Near threatened (0 species)
LC	Least concern (24 species)
Other categories
DD	Data deficient (1 species)
NE	Not evaluated (5 species)

Conservation status codes listed follow the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Range maps are provided wherever possible; if a range map is not available, a description of the ochotonid's range is provided. Ranges are based on the IUCN Red List for that species unless otherwise noted. All extinct species or subspecies listed alongside extant species went extinct after 1500 CE, and are indicated by a dagger symbol "".

Classification

The family Ochotonidae consists of thiry-four extant species in one genus which are divided into dozens of extant subspecies. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species.

Ochotonids

The following classification is based on the taxonomy described by Mammal Species of the World (2005), with augmentation by generally accepted proposals made since using molecular phylogenetic analysis.[2]

Genus Ochotona (Link, 1795) – 34 species

Common name	Scientific name and subspecies	Range	Size and ecology	IUCN status and estimated population
Afghan pika	O. rufescens Gray, 1842 Three subspecies O. r. regina O. r. rufescens O. r. shukurovoi	Central Asia	Size: 15–24 cm (6–9 in) long[3] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and desert[4] Diet: Herbs and shrubs[4]	LC  Unknown [4]
Alpine pika	O. alpina Pallas, 1773 Four subspecies O. a. alpina O. a. changaica O. a. cinereofusca O. a. sushkini	Northeastern Asia	Size: 15–26 cm (6–10 in) long[5] Habitat: Rocky areas[6] Diet: Variety of plants[6]	LC  Unknown [6]
American pika	O. princeps Richardson, 1828 Five subspecies O. p. figginsi O. p. princeps O. p. saxatilis O. p. schisticeps O. p. taylori	Western North America	Size: 15–22 cm (6–9 in) long[7] Habitat: Rocky areas[8] Diet: Sedges, grass, forbs, and shrubs[7]	LC  Unknown [8]
Chinese red pika	O. erythrotis Büchner, 1890	Central China	Size: 18–19 cm (7–7 in) long[9] Habitat: Rocky areas[10] Diet: Variety of plants[10]	LC  Unknown [10]
Collared pika	O. collaris Nelson, 1893	Northwestern North America	Size: 14–21 cm (6–8 in) long[11] Habitat: Rocky areas[12] Diet: Variety of plants, as well as bird brains[12]	LC  Unknown [12]
Daurian pika	O. dauurica Pallas, 1776 Four subspecies O. d. annectens O. d. bedfordi O. d. dauurica O. d. mursavi	Northeastern Asia	Size: 17–22 cm (7–9 in) long[13] Habitat: Grassland[14] Diet: Shrubs, grass, legumes, and flowers[13]	LC  Unknown [14]
Flat-headed pika	O. flatcalvariam Liu, Jin et al., 2017	Central China	Size: Less than 18 cm (7 in) long[15] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[15] Diet: Variety of plants[15]	NE  Unknown
Forrest's pika	O. forresti Thomas, 1923	Southeastern Asia	Size: 15–19 cm (6–7 in) long[16] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[17] Diet: Variety of plants[17]	LC  Unknown [17]
Gansu pika	O. cansus Lyon, 1907 Four subspecies O. c. cansus O. c. morosa O. c. sorella O. c. stevensi	Central China	Size: 11–17 cm (4–7 in) long[18] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[19] Diet: Shrubs and other plants[19]	LC  Unknown [19]
Glover's pika	O. gloveri Thomas, 1922 Three subspecies O. g. brookei O. g. calloceps O. g. gloveri	Central China	Size: 16–25 cm (6–10 in) long[20] Habitat: Rocky areas[21] Diet: Forbs, sedge, and grass[20]	LC  Unknown [21]
Helan Shan pika	O. argentata Howell, 1928	Central China	Size: 20–24 cm (8–9 in) long[22] Habitat: Rocky areas[23] Diet: Variety of plants[23]	EN  Unknown [23]
Hoffmann's pika	O. hoffmanni Formozov, Yakhontov, Dmitriev, 1996	Northern Mongolia	Size: 19–21 cm (7–8 in) long[24] Habitat: Rocky areas[25] Diet: Variety of plants[24]	EN  Unknown [25]
Ili pika	O. iliensis Li, Ma, 1986	Western China	Size: 20–21 cm (8–8 in) long[26] Habitat: Rocky areas[27] Diet: Herbs and shrubs[26]	EN  Unknown [27]
Kazakh pika	O. opaca Argiropulo, 1930	Central Asia	Size: 17–22 cm (7–9 in) long[28] Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas[29] Diet: Shrubs, herbs, and grass[28]	LC  Unknown [29]
Korean pika	O. coreana Allen, Andrews, 1913	North Korea and southeastern China	Size: 16–21 cm (6–8 in) long[30] Habitat: Rocky areas[31] Diet: Herbs, shrubs, forbs, fungi, berries, seeds, and lichen[31]	DD  Unknown [31]
Koslov's pika	O. koslowi Büchner, 1894	Western China	Size: 22–24 cm (9–9 in) long[32] Habitat: Grassland[33] Diet: Sedges and other plants[32]	EN  Unknown [33]
Ladak pika	O. ladacensis Günther, 1875	Western China and northern India and Pakistan	Size: 18–25 cm (7–10 in) long[34] Habitat: Grassland[35] Diet: Shrubs, flowers, and roots[34]	LC  Unknown [35]
Large-eared pika	O. macrotis Günther, 1875 Five subspecies O. m. auritus O. m. chinensis O. m. macrotis O. m. sacana O. m. wollastoni	Central Asia and central China	Size: 15–20 cm (6–8 in) long[36] Habitat: Rocky areas[37] Diet: Grass, legumes, sedges, herbs, berries, twigs, moss, and lichen[38]	LC  Unknown [37]
Manchurian pika	O. mantchurica Thomas, 1909	Northeastern China	Size: 13–22 cm (5–9 in) long[39] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas[40] Diet: Variety of plants[39]	LC  Unknown [40]
Moupin pika	O. thibetana Milne-Edwards, 1871 Three subspecies O. t. nangqenica O. t. osgoodi O. t. thibetana	Central China	Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long[41] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[42] Diet: Variety of plants[42]	LC  Unknown [42]
Northern pika	O. hyperborea Pallas, 1811 Seven subspecies O. h. cinereoflava O. h. ferruginea O. h. hyperborea O. h. normalis O. h. uralensis O. h. yesoensis O. h. yoshikurai	Northeastern Asia	Size: 13–29 cm (5–11 in) long[43] Habitat: Forest, shrubland, and rocky areas[44] Diet: Herbs, shrubs, forbs, fungi, berries, seeds, and lichen[43]	LC  Unknown [44]
Nubra pika	O. nubrica Thomas, 1922 Two subspecies O. n. lhasaensis O. n. nubrica	South Asia	Size: 14–19 cm (6–7 in) long[45] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[46] Diet: Variety of plants[45]	LC  Unknown [46]
Pallas's pika	O. pallasi Gray, 1867 Four subspecies O. p. hamica O. p. pallasi O. p. pricei O. p. sunidica	Central and Eastern Asia	Size: 19–23 cm (7–9 in) long[47] Habitat: Grassland and rocky areas[48] Diet: Grass and herbs[49]	LC  Unknown [48]
Plateau pika	O. curzoniae Hodgson, 1858	Western China and Northern India	Size: 16–21 cm (6–8 in) long[30] Habitat: Grassland and desert[50] Diet: Variety of plants[50]	LC  Unknown [50]
Qionglai pika	O. qionglaiensis Liu, Jin et al., 2017	Central China	Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long[41][15] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[42] Diet: Variety of plants[42]	NE  Unknown
Royle's pika	O. roylei Ogilby, 1839 Two subspecies O. r. himalayana (Himalayan pika) O. r. nepalensis O. r. roylei O. r. wardi	Western China and Northern India	Size: 13–21 cm (5–8 in) long[51] Habitat: Rocky areas[52] Diet: Forbs, as well as other plants[51]	LC  Unknown [52]
Sacred pika	O. sacraria Thomas, 1923	Mount Emei in China	Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long[41][15] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[42] Diet: Variety of plants[42]	NE  Unknown
Sikkim pika	O. sikimaria Thomas, 1922	Northeastern India	Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long[41][15] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[42] Diet: Variety of plants[42]	NE  Unknown
Steppe pika	O. pusilla Pallas, 1769 Two subspecies O. p. angustifrons O. p. pusilla	Central Asia	Size: 15–21 cm (6–8 in) long[53] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[54] Diet: Grass and above-ground vegetation[53]	LC  Unknown [54]
Thomas's pika	O. thomasi Argiropulo, 1948	Central China	Size: 13–16 cm (5–6 in) long[55] Habitat: Shrubland and grassland[56] Diet: Variety of plants[56]	LC  Unknown [56]
Tsing-ling pika	O. syrinx Matschie, 1908	Central China	Size: 13–18 cm (5–7 in) long[57] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[58] Diet: Variety of plants[58]	LC  Unknown [58]
Turkestan red pika	O. rutila Sévertsov, 1873	Central Asia	Size: 18–26 cm (7–10 in) long[59] Habitat: Rocky areas[60] Diet: Grass and other plants[60]	LC  Unknown [60]
Turuchan pika	O. turuchanensis Naumov, 1934	Central Russia	Size: 15–22 cm (6–9 in) long[61] Habitat: Rocky areas[62] Diet: Variety of plants[62]	LC  Unknown [62]
Yellow pika	O. huanglongensis Liu, Jin et al., 2017	Central China	Size: 14–18 cm (6–7 in) long[41][15] Habitat: Forest and shrubland[42] Diet: Variety of plants[42]	NE  Unknown

References

Sources

• Smith, Andrew T.; Johnston, Charlotte H.; Alves, Paolo C.; Hackländer, Klaus, eds. (2018). Lagomorphs: Pikas, Rabbits, and Hares of the World. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-1-4214-2340-1.
• Wilson, Don E., ed. (2005). Mammal Species of the World. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0.

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