bio.wikisort.org - Animal

Search / Calendar

Lemurs are strepsirrhine primates, all species of which are endemic to Madagascar. They include the smallest primate in the world, Madame Berthe's mouse lemur, which weighs 30 grams (1.1 oz), and range up to the size of the indri, which can weigh as much as 9.5 kilograms (21 lb). However, recently extinct species grew much larger. As of 2010, five families, 15 genera, and 101 species and subspecies of lemur were formally recognized.[1] From 2000 through 2008, 39 new species were described and nine other taxa resurrected.[2] By 2014, the number of species plus subspecies recognized had increased to 113; of the 105 species then known, the IUCN classified 24 as critically endangered, 49 as endangered, 20 as vulnerable, three as near threatened, three as least concern and four as data deficient; two were yet to be evaluated.

The ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) is one of over 100 recognized species of lemur, all found only in Madagascar.
The ring-tailed lemur (Lemur catta) is one of over 100 recognized species of lemur, all found only in Madagascar.

The number of lemur species is likely to continue growing in the coming years, as field studies, cytogenetic and molecular genetic research continues.[2] There is not complete agreement over the latest revisions to lemur taxonomy, with some experts preferring an estimated 50 lemur species.[3] The debates are likely to continue, as some scholars label the explosive growth of species numbers as taxonomic inflation. In many cases, classifications will ultimately depend upon which species concept is used.[4] In the case of the lemurs of Madagascar, which have suffered extensively from deforestation and habitat fragmentation, nearly 70% of all species were either endangered or critically endangered as of 2014, most have yet to be extensively studied, and nearly all populations are in decline. For these reasons, taxonomists and conservationists favor splitting them into separate species to develop an effective strategy for the conservation of the full range of lemur diversity.[2] Implicitly, this means that full species status will help grant genetically distinct populations added environmental protection.

At least 17 species and eight genera are believed to have become extinct in the 2,000 years since humans first arrived in Madagascar.[5][6] All known extinct species were large, ranging in weight from 10 to 200 kg (22 to 441 lb). The largest known subfossil lemur was Archaeoindris fontoynonti, a giant sloth lemur, which weighed more than a modern female gorilla. The extinction of the largest lemurs is often attributed to predation by humans and possibly habitat destruction.[5] Since all extinct lemurs were not only large (and thus ideal prey species), but also slow-moving (and thus more vulnerable to human predation), their presumably slow-reproducing and low-density populations were least likely to survive the introduction of humans.[5] Gradual changes in climate have also been blamed, and may have played a minor role; however since the largest lemurs also survived the climatic changes from previous ice ages and only disappeared following the arrival of humans, it is unlikely that climatic change was largely responsible.[5]

There is strong evidence of extensive declines in extant populations since the introductions of humans, particularly among the larger and more specialized lemurs.[5] As long as habitats continue to shrink, degrade and fragment, extinctions are likely to continue.


Taxonomic classification


Main article: Taxonomy of lemurs

Lemurs are classified under eight families, three of which are extinct:

The silky sifaka, one of the most endangered primates in the world.
The silky sifaka, one of the most endangered primates in the world.
Mouse lemurs are the smallest primates in the world.
Mouse lemurs are the smallest primates in the world.
As of 2014 there are 5 species and 3 subspecies of bamboo lemurs recognized.
As of 2014 there are 5 species and 3 subspecies of bamboo lemurs recognized.

The placement of lemurs within the order Strepsirrhini is currently under debate, although both sides agree upon the same phylogenetic tree.[7]


Key


Scientific name Latin binomial name, or Latin name, of the species
Common name Common name of the species, per Wilson, et al. Mammal Species of the World (2005) or Mittermeier, et al. "Lemur Diversity in Madagascar" (2008)
Family Family within the Suborder Strepsirrhini to which the species belongs
Classified Date in which the species was formally described and classified, as well as the binomial authority on the species
Average size Average size of adult members of the species, in metric and English weight units
Estimated size Estimated Average size of adult members of the extinct species
Conservation status Conservation status of the species, per IUCN as of 2008

Extant species


Main article: Lemur

All lemurs belong to the suborder Strepsirrhini within the order Primates. The 101 extant species and subspecies are divided among 5 families and 15 genera. They range in weight from 30 g (1.1 oz) (Madame Berthe's mouse lemur) to as much as 9.5 kg (21 lb) (indri). Most are highly arboreal and activity patterns range widely from nocturnal to diurnal to cathemeral. Having diversified over millions of years to fill every ecological niche, diets also vary widely, though fruit, leaves, and insects make up the majority of the diet for most species.


Family: Cheirogaleidae


Family Cheirogaleidae consists of the mouse lemurs (smallest of all primates), the dwarf lemurs, and the fork-marked lemurs and their allies. There are 37 extant species.

The gray mouse lemur is one of as many as 21 tiny, nocturnal mouse lemur species.
The gray mouse lemur is one of as many as 21 tiny, nocturnal mouse lemur species.
Fork-marked lemurs are the among the largest of the cheirogaleids.
Fork-marked lemurs are the among the largest of the cheirogaleids.
Scientific name Common name Classified Average size Conservation status References
Allocebus trichotis Hairy-eared dwarf lemur 1875, Günther 65–90 g (2.3–3.2 oz)
Endangered		 [2][8][9][10]
Cheirogaleus andysabini Montagne d'Ambre dwarf lemur 2015, Lei et al. 282 ± 61 g (9.9 ± 2.2 oz)
Endangered		 [11][12]
Cheirogaleus crossleyi Furry-eared dwarf lemur 1870, A. Grandidier 250–500 g (8.8–17.6 oz)[d]
Vulnerable		 [2][13][14][15][16]
Cheirogaleus grovesi Groves' dwarf lemur 2017, McLain et al. 410 g (14 oz)
Data Deficient		 [17][18]
Cheirogaleus lavasoensis Lavasoa dwarf lemur 2013, Thiele et al. 300 g (11 oz)
Endangered		 [19][20]
Cheirogaleus major Greater dwarf lemur 1812, É. Geoffroy 350–400 g (12–14 oz)
Vulnerable		 [2][21][22][23]
Cheirogaleus medius Fat-tailed dwarf lemur 1812, É. Geoffroy 120–270 g (4.2–9.5 oz)
Vulnerable		 [2][24][25][26]
Cheirogaleus minusculus Lesser iron-gray dwarf lemur 2000, Groves unknown Not Evaluated [2][27][28][29]
Cheirogaleus shethi Ankarana dwarf lemur 2016, Frasier et al. 115 ± 11 g (4.06 ± 0.39 oz)
Endangered		 [30][31]
Cheirogaleus sibreei Sibree's dwarf lemur 1896, Forsyth Major unknown
Critically Endangered		 [2][32][33][34]
Microcebus arnholdi Arnhold's mouse lemur 2008, E. Lewis, Jr. et al. 49.7 g (1.75 oz)
Vulnerable		 [35][36]
Microcebus berthae Madame Berthe's mouse lemur 2000, Rasoloarison et al. 30 g (1.1 oz)
Critically Endangered		 [2][37][38][39]
Microcebus bongolavensis Bongolava mouse lemur 2007, Olivieri et al. 54 g (1.9 oz)[d]
Endangered		 [2][40][41]
Microcebus boraha Boraha mouse lemur 2016, Hotaling et al.
Data Deficient		 [42][43]
Microcebus danfossi Danfoss' mouse lemur 2007, Olivieri et al. 63 g (2.2 oz)[d]
Vulnerable		 [2][44][45]
Microcebus ganzhorni Ganzhorn's mouse lemur 2016, Hotaling et al.
Endangered		 [42][46]
Microcebus gerpi Gerp's mouse lemur 2012, Radespiel et al. 68 g (2.4 oz)[d]
Critically Endangered		 [47][48]
Microcebus griseorufus Reddish-gray mouse lemur 1910, Kollman 46–79 g (1.6–2.8 oz)
Least Concern		 [2][49][50][51]
Microcebus jollyae Jolly's mouse lemur 2006, Louis et al. 60 g (2.1 oz)[d]
Endangered		 [2][52]
Microcebus lehilahytsara Goodman's mouse lemur 2005, Roos and Kappeler 45–48 g (1.6–1.7 oz)
Vulnerable		 [2][53][54]
Microcebus macarthurii MacArthur's mouse lemur 2008, Radespiel et al. unknown
Endangered		 [2][55]
Microcebus mamiratra Claire's mouse lemur 2006, Andriantompohavana et al. 61 g (2.2 oz)[d]
Endangered		 [2][56][57]
Microcebus manitatra Manitatra mouse lemur 2016, Hotaling et al.
Critically Endangered		 [42][58]
Microcebus margotmarshae Margot Marsh's mouse lemur 2006, Andriantompohavana et al. 41 g (1.4 oz)
Endangered		 [35][59]
Microcebus marohita Marohita mouse lemur 2013, Rasoloarison et al. 89 g (3.1 oz)[d]
Critically Endangered		 [60][61]
Microcebus mittermeieri Mittermeier's mouse lemur 2006, Louis et al. 40 g (1.4 oz)[d]
Endangered		 [2][62][63]
Microcebus murinus Gray mouse lemur 1777, Miller 60 g (2.1 oz) Not Evaluated [2][64][65][66]
Microcebus myoxinus Pygmy mouse lemur 1852, Peters 43–55 g (1.5–1.9 oz)
Vulnerable		 [2][67][68][69]
Microcebus ravelobensis Golden-brown mouse lemur 1998, Zimmerman et al. 56–87 g (2.0–3.1 oz)
Vulnerable		 [2][70][71][72]
Microcebus rufus Brown mouse lemur 1834, É. Geoffroy 40–50 g (1.4–1.8 oz)
Vulnerable		 [2][73][74][75]
Microcebus sambiranensis Sambirano mouse lemur 2000, Rasoloarison et al. 38–50 g (1.3–1.8 oz)
Endangered		 [2][76][77][78]
Microcebus simmonsi Simmons' mouse lemur 2006, Louis et al. 78 g (2.8 oz)[d] Not Evaluated [2][79]
Microcebus tanosi Anosy mouse lemur 2013, Rasoloarison et al. unknown
Endangered		 [60][80]
Microcebus tavaratra Northern rufous mouse lemur 2000, Rasoloarison et al. 45–77 g (1.6–2.7 oz)
Vulnerable		 [2][81][82][83]
Mirza coquereli Coquerel's giant mouse lemur 1867, A. Grandidier 300–320 g (11–11 oz)
Endangered		 [2][84][85][86]
Mirza zaza Northern giant mouse lemur 2005, Kappeler & Roos 287–299 g (10.1–10.5 oz)
Vulnerable		 [2][87][88]
Phaner electromontis Amber Mountain fork-marked lemur 1991, Groves and Tattersall 350–500 g (12–18 oz)[d]
Endangered		 [2][89][90][91][92]
Phaner furcifer Masoala fork-marked lemur 1839, Blainville 350–500 g (12–18 oz)[d]
Endangered		 [2][89][93][94][95]
Phaner pallescens Pale fork-marked lemur 1991, Groves and Tattersall 330 g (12 oz)
Endangered		 [2][96][97][98]
Phaner parienti Pariente's fork-marked lemur 1991, Groves and Tattersall 350–500 g (12–18 oz)[d]
Endangered		 [2][89][90][99][100]

Family: Lemuridae


Family Lemuridae consists of the ring-tailed lemur, the brown lemurs, the bamboo lemurs and the ruffed lemurs. There are 21 extant species and six subspecies.

The red-fronted lemur, like other brown lemurs, is sexually dichromatic (the sexes have different colorations).
The red-fronted lemur, like other brown lemurs, is sexually dichromatic (the sexes have different colorations).
The ring-tailed lemur is highly social and is the most popularly known lemur species.
The ring-tailed lemur is highly social and is the most popularly known lemur species.
Ruffed lemurs are the largest of the extant lemurids.
Ruffed lemurs are the largest of the extant lemurids.
Scientific name Common name Classified Average size Conservation status References
Eulemur albifrons White-fronted brown lemur 1796, É. Geoffroy 2.2–2.6 kg (4.9–5.7 lb)
Vulnerable		 [2][101][102][103]
Eulemur cinereiceps[b] Gray-headed lemur 1890, Grandidier and Milne-Edwards 2–2.5 kg (4.4–5.5 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][104][105][106]
Eulemur collaris Collared brown lemur 1812, É. Geoffroy 2.25–2.5 kg (5.0–5.5 lb)
Endangered		 [2][107][108][109]
Eulemur coronatus Crowned lemur 1842, Gray 1.1–1.3 kg (2.4–2.9 lb)
Endangered		 [2][110][111][112]
Eulemur flavifrons Blue-eyed black lemur 1867, Gray 1.8–1.9 kg (4.0–4.2 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][113][114]
Eulemur fulvus Common brown lemur 1812, É. Geoffroy 2–3 kg (4.4–6.6 lb)
Vulnerable		 [2][115][116][117]
Eulemur macaco Black lemur 1766, Linnaeus 2–2.9 kg (4.4–6.4 lb)
Endangered		 [2][118][119][120]
Eulemur mongoz Mongoose lemur 1766, Linnaeus 1.1–1.6 kg (2.4–3.5 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][121][122][123]
Eulemur rubriventer Red-bellied lemur 1850, I. Geoffroy 1.6–2.4 kg (3.5–5.3 lb)
Vulnerable		 [2][124][125][126]
Eulemur rufifrons[a] Red-fronted lemur 1833, Bennett 2.2–2.3 kg (4.9–5.1 lb)
Vulnerable		 [2][127][128]
Eulemur rufus[a] Red lemur 1799, Audebert 2.2–2.3 kg (4.9–5.1 lb)
Vulnerable		 [2][129]
Eulemur sanfordi Sanford's brown lemur 1932, Archbold 1.8–1.9 kg (4.0–4.2 lb)
Endangered		 [2][130][131][132]
Hapalemur alaotrensis Lac Alaotra bamboo lemur 1975, Rumpler 1.1–1.4 kg (2.4–3.1 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][133][134][135]
Hapalemur aureus Golden bamboo lemur 1987, Meier et al. 1.3–1.7 kg (2.9–3.7 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][136][137][138]
Hapalemur griseus gilberti Beanamalao bamboo lemur 2007, Rabarivola et al. 0.967 kg (2.13 lb)
Data Deficient		 [139][140]
Hapalemur griseus griseus Eastern lesser bamboo lemur 1795, Link 0.7–1 kg (1.5–2.2 lb)
Vulnerable		 [2][141][142][143]
Hapalemur griseus ranomafanensis Ranomafana bamboo lemur 2007, Rabarivola et al. 0.7–0.85 kg (1.5–1.9 lb)
Vulnerable		 [144][145]
Hapalemur meridionalis Southern lesser bamboo lemur 1987, Warter, et al. 0.75–1.05 kg (1.7–2.3 lb)[d]
Vulnerable		 [2][146][147][148][149]
Hapalemur occidentalis Western lesser bamboo lemur 1975, Rumpler 1 kg (2.2 lb)
Vulnerable		 [2][150][151][152]
Hapalemur simus Greater bamboo lemur 1871, Gray 2.2–2.5 kg (4.9–5.5 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][153][154][155]
Lemur catta Ring-tailed lemur 1756, Linnaeus 2.3–3.5 kg (5.1–7.7 lb)
Endangered		 [2][156][157][158]
Varecia rubra Red ruffed lemur 1812, É. Geoffroy 3.3–3.6 kg (7.3–7.9 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][159][160][161]
Varecia variegata editorum Southern black-and-white ruffed lemur 1953, Osman Hill 3.1–3.6 kg (6.8–7.9 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][162][163][164]
Varecia variegata subcincta White-belted black-and-white ruffed lemur 1833, A. Smith 3.1–3.6 kg (6.8–7.9 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][165][166][167]
Varecia variegata variegata Black-and-white ruffed lemur 1792, Kerr 3.1–3.6 kg (6.8–7.9 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][168][169][170]

Family: Lepilemuridae


Family Lepilemuridae consists solely of the sportive lemurs. As of 2014, there are 26 extant species.

The Sahamalaza sportive lemur is one of 26 species of sportive lemur.
The Sahamalaza sportive lemur is one of 26 species of sportive lemur.
Scientific name Common name Classified Average size Conservation status References
Lepilemur aeeclis Antafia sportive lemur 2006, Andriaholinirina et al. 0.765–0.97 kg (1.69–2.14 lb)[d]
Endangered		 [2][171][172]
Lepilemur ahmansonorum Ahmanson's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 0.61 kg (1.3 lb)[d]
Critically Endangered		 [2][173][174]
Lepilemur ankaranensis Ankarana sportive lemur 1975, Rumpler & Albignac 0.75 kg (1.7 lb)
Endangered		 [2][175][176][177]
Lepilemur betsileo Betsileo sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 1.15 kg (2.5 lb)[d]
Endangered		 [2][178][179]
Lepilemur dorsalis Gray-backed sportive lemur 1870, Gray 0.5 kg (1.1 lb)
Endangered		 [2][180][181][182]
Lepilemur edwardsi Milne-Edwards' sportive lemur 1894, Forsyth Major 1 kg (2.2 lb)
Endangered		 [2][183][184][185]
Lepilemur fleuretae Fleurete's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 0.98 kg (2.2 lb)[d]
Endangered		 [2][186][187]
Lepilemur grewcockorum Grewcock's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 0.78 kg (1.7 lb)[d]
Critically Endangered		 [2][188][189]
Lepilemur hollandorum Holland's sportive lemur 2009, Ramaromilanto et al. 0.99 kg (2.2 lb)[d]
Critically Endangered		 [190][191]
Lepilemur hubbardorum Hubbard's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 0.99 kg (2.2 lb)[d]
Endangered		 [2][192][193]
Lepilemur jamesorum James' sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 0.78 kg (1.7 lb)[d]
Critically Endangered		 [2][194][195]
Lepilemur leucopus White-footed sportive lemur 1894, Forsyth Major 0.6 kg (1.3 lb)
Endangered		 [2][196][197][198]
Lepilemur microdon Small-toothed sportive lemur 1894, Forsyth Major 0.8–1.0 kg (1.8–2.2 lb)
Endangered		 [2][199][200][201]
Lepilemur milanoii Daraina sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 0.72 kg (1.6 lb)[d]
Endangered		 [2][202][203]
Lepilemur mittermeieri Mittermeier's sportive lemur 2006, Rabarivola et al. unknown
Critically Endangered		 [2][204]
Lepilemur mustelinus Weasel sportive lemur 1851, I. Geoffroy 1 kg (2.2 lb)
Vulnerable		 [2][205][206][207]
Lepilemur otto Otto's sportive lemur 2007, Craul et al. unknown
Endangered		 [2][208]
Lepilemur petteri Petter's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 0.63 kg (1.4 lb)[d]
Endangered		 [2][209][210]
Lepilemur randrianasoloi Randrianasolo's sportive lemur 2006, Andriaholinirina et al. 0.66–0.88 kg (1.5–1.9 lb)[d]
Endangered		 [2][211][212]
Lepilemur ruficaudatus Red-tailed sportive lemur 1867, A. Grandidier 0.76–0.95 kg (1.7–2.1 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][213][214][215]
Lepilemur sahamalazensis Sahamalaza sportive lemur 2006, Andriaholinirina et al. 0.687–0.892 kg (1.51–1.97 lb)[d]
Critically Endangered		 [2][216][217]
Lepilemur scottorum Scott's sportive lemur 2008, Lei et al. unknown
Endangered		 [2][218]
Lepilemur seali Seal's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 0.95 kg (2.1 lb)[d]
Vulnerable		 [2][219][220]
Lepilemur septentrionalis Northern sportive lemur 1975, Rumpler & Albignac 0.75 kg (1.7 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][221][222][223]
Lepilemur tymerlachsoni Hawks' sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 0.88 kg (1.9 lb)[d]
Critically Endangered		 [2][224][225]
Lepilemur wrightae Wright's sportive lemur 2006, Louis, Jr. et al. 0.95 kg (2.1 lb)[d]
Endangered		 [2][226][227]

Family: Indriidae


Family Indriidae consists of the indri (the largest extant lemur), the woolly lemurs and the sifakas. There are 19 extant species.

The indri is one of the two largest extant lemurs.
The indri is one of the two largest extant lemurs.
Sifakas are vertical clingers and jumpers and are represented by 9 species, 8 of which are considered critically endangered as of 2020.
Sifakas are vertical clingers and jumpers and are represented by 9 species, 8 of which are considered critically endangered as of 2020.
Scientific name Common name Classified Average size Conservation status References
Avahi betsileo Betsileo woolly lemur 2007, Andriantompohavana et al. unknown
Endangered		 [2][228]
Avahi cleesei Cleese's woolly lemur 2005, Thalmann and Geissmann 0.83 kg (1.8 lb)[d]
Critically Endangered		 [2][229][230]
Avahi laniger Eastern woolly lemur 1788, Gmelin 0.9–1.3 kg (2.0–2.9 lb)
Vulnerable		 [2][231][232][233]
Avahi meridionalis Southern woolly lemur 2006, Zaramody et al. unknown
Endangered		 [2][234]
Avahi mooreorum Moore's woolly lemur 2008, Lei et al. unknown
Endangered		 [2][235]
Avahi occidentalis Western woolly lemur 1898, von Lorenz-Liburnau 0.7–0.9 kg (1.5–2.0 lb)
Vulnerable		 [2][236][237][238]
Avahi peyrierasi Peyrieras's woolly lemur 2006, Zaramody et al. unknown
Vulnerable		 [2][239]
Avahi ramanantsoavanai Ramanantsoavana's woolly lemur 2006, Zaramody et al. unknown
Vulnerable		 [2][240]
Avahi unicolor Sambirano woolly lemur 2000, Thalmann and Geissmann 0.7–1 kg (1.5–2.2 lb)[d]
Critically Endangered		 [2][241][242][243][244]
Indri indri Indri 1788, Gmelin 6–9.5 kg (13–21 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][245][246][247]
Propithecus candidus Silky sifaka 1871, A. Grandidier 5–6 kg (11–13 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][248][249][250]
Propithecus coquereli Coquerel's sifaka 1867, A. Grandidier 3.7–4.3 kg (8.2–9.5 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][251][252][253]
Propithecus coronatus Crowned sifaka 1871, Milne-Edwards 3.5–4.3 kg (7.7–9.5 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][254][255][256]
Propithecus deckenii Von der Decken's sifaka 1870, A. Grandidier 3–4.5 kg (6.6–9.9 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][257][258][259]
Propithecus diadema Diademed sifaka 1832, Bennett 6–8.5 kg (13–19 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][260][261][262]
Propithecus edwardsi Milne-Edwards's sifaka 1871, A. Grandidier 5–6.5 kg (11–14 lb)
Endangered		 [2][263][264][265]
Propithecus perrieri Perrier's sifaka 1931, Lavauden 4.3–5 kg (9.5–11.0 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][266][267][268]
Propithecus tattersalli Golden-crowned sifaka 1988, Simons 3.4–3.6 kg (7.5–7.9 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][269][270][271]
Propithecus verreauxi Verreaux's sifaka 1867, A. Grandidier 3–3.5 kg (6.6–7.7 lb)
Critically Endangered		 [2][272][273][274]

Family: Daubentoniidae


The aye-aye has many physical traits unique for a primate and is monotypic within its family.
The aye-aye has many physical traits unique for a primate and is monotypic within its family.

Family Daubentoniidae contains only one surviving species, of the aye-aye. Wide-ranging genetic studies have shown that it separated from the ancestral lemurs long before any other branch of the modern Lemuriformes.[2]

Scientific name Common name Classified Average size Conservation status References
Daubentonia madagascariensis Aye-aye 1788, Gmelin 2.5 kg (5.5 lb)
Endangered		 [2][275][276][277]

Unconfirmed species


Reports of new species continue to trickle in from the field. However, these reports require further scientific evaluation before their claims can be verified.


Extinct species


Main article: Subfossil lemur

All known extinct lemurs from Madagascar are known from recent, subfossil remains.[278] Conditions for fossilization were not ideal on the island, so little is known about ancestral lemur populations. All known extinct lemurs are thought to have died out after the arrival of humans.

Scientific name Common name Family Estimated size Extinction date References
Archaeoindris fontoynonti Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 160–200 kg (350–440 lb) 350 BCE [279][280][281]
Archaeolemur edwardsi Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 15–25 kg (33–55 lb) 1047–1280 CE [282][283]
Archaeolemur majori Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 15–25 kg (33–55 lb) 1047–1280 CE [282][283]
Babakotia radofilai Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 16–20 kg (35–44 lb) 3050 BCE[c] [279][280]
Daubentonia robusta Giant aye-aye Daubentoniidae 14 kg (31 lb) 891–1027 CE [284][285]
Hadropithecus stenognathus Monkey lemurs (or baboon lemurs) Archaeolemuridae 27–35 kg (60–77 lb) 444–772 CE [282][283]
Megaladapis edwardsi Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [286][287]
Megaladapis grandidieri Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [286][287]
Megaladapis madagascariensis Koala lemurs Megaladapidae 40–80 kg (88–176 lb) 1280–1420 CE [286][287]
Mesopropithecus dolichobrachion Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [279][280]
Mesopropithecus globiceps Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [279][280]
Mesopropithecus pithecoides Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 10–14 kg (22–31 lb) 245–429 CE [279][280]
Pachylemur insignis Pachylemur Lemuridae 11.5 kg (25 lb) 680–960 BCE [288]
Pachylemur jullyi Pachylemur Lemuridae 13 kg (29 lb) Holocene [288]
Palaeopropithecus ingens Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 25–50 kg (55–110 lb) 1300–1620 CE [279][280]
Palaeopropithecus kelyus Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 35 kg (77 lb) Late Quaternary [6]
Palaeopropithecus maximus Sloth lemurs Palaeopropithecidae 25–50 kg (55–110 lb) 1300–1620 CE [279][280]

See also



Footnotes



Notes


  1. Mittermeier et al. 2010, pp. 86–87
  2. Mittermeier, R. A.; Ganzhorn, J. U.; Konstant, W. R.; Glander, K.; Tattersall, I.; Groves, C. P.; Rylands, A. B.; Hapke, A.; Ratsimbazafy, J.; Mayor, M. I.; Louis, E. E.; Rumpler, Y.; Schwitzer, C.; Rasoloarison, R. M. (2008). "Lemur Diversity in Madagascar" (PDF). International Journal of Primatology. 29 (6): 1607–1656. doi:10.1007/s10764-008-9317-y. hdl:10161/6237. S2CID 17614597.
  3. Yoder, A.D. (2007). "Lemurs: a quick guide" (PDF). Current Biology. 17 (20): 866–868. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.07.050. PMID 17956741.
  4. Tattersall, I. (2007). "Madagascar's Lemurs: Cryptic diversity or taxonomic inflation?". Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews. 16 (1): 12–23. doi:10.1002/evan.20126. S2CID 54727842.
  5. Mittermeier, pp. 50–51
  6. Gommery, D.; Ramanivosoa, B.; Tombomiadana-Raveloson, S.; Randrianantenaina, H.; Kerloc'h, P. (2009). "A new species of giant subfossil lemur from the North-West of Madagascar (Palaeopropithecus kelyus, Primates)". Comptes Rendus Palevol. 8 (5): 471–480. doi:10.1016/j.crpv.2009.02.001.
  7. Cartmill 2010, pp. 10–30
  8. Mittermeier, pp. 130–135
  9. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Allocebus trichotis". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 111. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  10. Louis, E.E., Frasier, C.L., Bezandry, N., Sefczek, T.M., Bailey, C.A., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, J. & Réné De Roland, L.A. (2020). "Allocebus trichotis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T868A115559302. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  11. Lei, R.; McLain, A. T.; Frasier, C. L.; Taylor, J. M.; Bailey, C. A.; Engberg, S. E.; Ginter, A. L.; Nash, S. D.; Randriamampionona, R.; Groves, C. P.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Louis, Jr., E. E. (2015). "A New Species in the Genus Cheirogaleus (Cheirogaleidae)". Primate Conservation. 29 (2): 1–12. doi:10.1896/052.029.0103. S2CID 85862748.
  12. Sgarlata, G.M., Le Pors, B., Frasier, C.L., Chikhi, L., Salmona, J., Louis, E.E., Blanco, M., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Lewis, R., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus andysabini". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163021607A163021799. Retrieved 11 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  13. Mittermeier, pp. 158–159
  14. Garbutt, pp. 103–104
  15. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Cheirogaleus crossleyi". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 111–112. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  16. Blanco, M., Borgerson, C., Dolch, R., Donati, G., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Louis, E.E., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus crossleyi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163021377A115581154. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  17. McLain, A. T.; Lei, R.; Frasier, C. L.; Taylor, J. M.; Bailey, C. A.; Robertson, B. A. D.; Nash, S. D.; Randriamanana, J. C.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Louis, E. E. Jr. (2017). "A New Cheirogaleus (Cheirogaleidae: Cheirogaleus crossleyi Group) Species from Southeastern Madagascar" (PDF). Primate Conservation. 31: 27–36.
  18. Blanco, M., Dolch, R., Donati, G., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Louis, E.E., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus grovesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163021927A163021999. Retrieved 11 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  19. Thiele, D.; Razafimahatratra, E.; Hapke, A. (2013). "Discrepant partitioning of genetic diversity in mouse lemurs and dwarf lemurs – biological reality or taxonomic bias?". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 69 (3): 593–609. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2013.07.019. PMID 23899779.
  20. Blanco, M., Dolch, R., Donati, G., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Louis, E.E., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus lavasoensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163022131A163022293. Retrieved 11 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  21. Mittermeier, pp. 155–157
  22. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Cheirogaleus major". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  23. |Blanco, M., Borgerson, C., Dolch, R., Donati, G., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Louis, E.E., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus major". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T54778911A115588708. Retrieved 11 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  24. Mittermeier, pp. 160–163
  25. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Cheirogaleus medius". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  26. Blanco, M., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Louis, E.E., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus medius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163023599A115588562. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  27. Mittermeier, p. 166
  28. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Cheirogaleus minusculus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  29. Andriaholinirina, N.; et al. (2014). "Cheirogaleus minusculus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T136800A16111635. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-1.RLTS.T136800A16111635.en. Retrieved 5 January 2018.
  30. Frasier, C. L.; Lei, R.; McLain, A. T.; Taylor, J. M.; Bailey, C. A.; Ginter, A. L.; Nash, S. D.; Randriamampionona, R.; Groves, C. P.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Louis, Jr., E. E. (2016). "A New Species of Dwarf Lemur (Cheirogaleidae: Cheirogaleus medius Group) from the Ankarana and Andrafiamena-Andavakoera Massifs, Madagascar" (PDF). Primate Conservation. 30: 59–72.
  31. Sgarlata, G.M., Le Pors, B., Blanco, M., Salmona, J., Chikhi, L., Louis, E.E., Cotton, S., Hending, D., Frasier, C.L., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Lewis, R., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus shethi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163020756A163020759. Retrieved 11 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  32. Mittermeier, p. 168
  33. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Cheirogaleus sibreei". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  34. Blanco, M., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Louis, E.E., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Cheirogaleus sibreei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41576A115579719. Retrieved 11 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  35. Louis, E. E.; Engberg, S. E.; McGuire, S. M.; McCormick, M. J.; Randriamampionona, R.; Ranaivoarisoa, J. F.; Bailey, C. A.; Mittermeier, R. A.; Lei, R. (2008). "Revision of the mouse lemurs, Microcebus (Primates, Lemuriformes), of northern and northwestern Madagascar with descriptions of two new species at Montagne d'Ambre National Park and Antafondro Classified Forest" (PDF). Primate Conservation. 23: 19–38. doi:10.1896/052.023.0103. S2CID 84533039. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2009.
  36. Sgarlata, G.M., Le Pors, B., Blanco, M., Salmona, J., Chikhi, L., Louis, E.E., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Lewis, R., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus arnholdi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971390A115587373. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  37. Mittermeier, pp. 98–100
  38. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Microcebus berthae". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  39. Markolf, M., Schäffler, L. & Kappeler, P. (2020). "Microcebus berthae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41573A115579496. Retrieved 12 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  40. Garbutt, pp. 98–99
  41. Blanco, M., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus bongolavensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136537A115583451. Retrieved 12 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  42. Hotaling, Scott; Foley, Mary E.; Lawrence, Nicolette M.; Bocanegra, Jose; Blanco, Marina B.; Rasoloarison, Rodin; Kappeler, Peter M.; Barrett, Meredith A.; Yoder, Anne D.; Weisrock, David W. (2016). "Species discovery and validation in a cryptic radiation of endangered primates: coalescent-based species delimitation in Madagascar's mouse lemurs". Molecular Ecology. 25 (9): 2029–2045. doi:10.1111/mec.13604. PMID 26946180.
  43. Reuter, K.E., Mittermeier, R.A. & Schwitzer, C. (2020). "Microcebus boraha". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163314140A163314145. Retrieved 12 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  44. Garbutt, p. 99
  45. Blanco, M., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Radespiel, U., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. 2020. (2020). "Microcebus danfossi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136347A120487417. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  46. Ganzhorn, J., Donati, G., Eppley, T.M., Hyde Roberts, S., Poelstra, J.W., Rakotondranary, S.J., Ramanamanjato, J.-B., Randriantafika, F.M., Refaly, E., Tsagnangara, C. & Yoder, A. (2020). "Microcebus ganzhorni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163313085A163313088. Retrieved 12 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  47. Radespiel, U.; Ratsimbazafy, J. H.; Rasoloharijaona, S.; Raveloson, H.; Andriaholinirina, N.; Rakotondravony, R.; Randrianarison, R. M.; Randrianambinina, B. (2011). "First indications of a highland specialist among mouse lemurs (Microcebus spp.) and evidence for a new mouse lemur species from eastern Madagascar". Primates. 53 (2): 157–170. doi:10.1007/s10329-011-0290-2. PMID 22198090. S2CID 8473176.
  48. Andriaholinirina, N.; Baden, A.; Blanco, M. et al. (2014). "Microcebus gerpi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T16971461A16971464. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  49. Mittermeier, pp. 101–103
  50. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Microcebus griseorufus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  51. Ganzhorn, J., Blanco, M., Borgerson, C., Dolch, R., Donati, G., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Louis, E.E., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P., Youssouf, J. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus griseorufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136637A115583923. Retrieved 12 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  52. Borgerson, C., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Guthrie, N.K., Johnson, S., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Louis, E.E., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Sgarlata, G.M., Schwitzer, C., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus jollyae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136458A115583158. Retrieved 12 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  53. Mittermeier, pp. 124–125
  54. Dolch, R., Radespiel, U. & Blanco, M. (2020). "Microcebus lehilahytsara". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136199A115580879. Retrieved 12 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  55. Blanco, M., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Radespiel, U., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus macarthurii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971425A115587527. Retrieved 12 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  56. Garbutt, pp. 97–98
  57. Blanco, M., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus mamiratra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136206A115581016. Retrieved 16 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  58. Blanco, M., Dolch, R., Donati, G., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus manitatra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163313848A163313878. Retrieved 12 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  59. Blanco M, Dolch R, Ganzhorn J, Greene LK, Le Pors B, Lewis R, Rafalinirina HA, Raharivololona B, Rakotoarisoa G, Ralison J, Randriahaingo HN, Rasoloarison RM, Razafindrasolo M, Sgarlata GM, Wright P, Zaonarivelo J (2020). "Microcebus margotmarshae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971364A115587239. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  60. Rasoloarison, R. M.; Weisrock, D. W.; Yoder, A. D.; Rakotondravony, D.; Kappeler, P. M. (2013). "Two new species of mouse lemurs (Cheirogaleidae: Microcebus) from Eastern Madagascar". International Journal of Primatology. 34 (3): 455–469. doi:10.1007/s10764-013-9672-1. S2CID 17860060.
  61. Andriaholinirina N, Baden A, Blanco M, et al. (2014). "Microcebus marohita". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T46251646A46251651. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  62. Blanco, M.; Dolch, R.; Ganzhorn, J.; Greene, L.K.; Le Pors, B.; Lewis, R.; Louis, E.E.; Radespiel, U.; Rafalinirina, H.A.; Raharivololona, B.; Ralison, J.; Randriahaingo, H.N.T.; Rasoloarison, R.M.; Razafindrasolo, M.; Sgarlata, G.M.; Wright, P.; Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus mittermeieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136272A115581798. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-2.RLTS.T136272A115581798.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  63. Blanco, M., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Louis, E.E., Radespiel, U., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus mittermeieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136272A115581798. Retrieved 16 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  64. Mittermeier, pp. 104–107
  65. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Microcebus murinus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 113. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  66. Andriaholinirina, N.; Baden, A.; Blanco, M. et al. (2014). "Microcebus murinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T13323A16113348. Retrieved 16 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  67. Mittermeier, pp. 108–110
  68. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Microcebus myoxinus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  69. Baden, A.; Blanco, M.; Chikhi, L. et al. (2014). "Microcebus myoxinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T13325A16113437. Retrieved 19 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  70. Mittermeier, pp. 111–113
  71. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Microcebus ravelobensis". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  72. Blanco, M., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Radespiel, U., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus ravelobensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39751A115574811. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  73. Mittermeier, pp. 120–123
  74. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Microcebus rufus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  75. Wright, P., Hearthstone, E., Zakamanana, F., Andrianoely, D. & Donohue, M.E. (2020). "Microcebus rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T59544947A115588845. Retrieved 16 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  76. Mittermeier, pp. 114–116
  77. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Microcebus sambiranensis". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  78. Blanco, M., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Le Pors, B., Lewis, R., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Sgarlata, G.M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus sambiranensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41572A115579341. Retrieved 16 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  79. Andriaholinirina, N.; Baden, A.; Blanco, M. et al. (2014). "Microcebus simmonsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2014: e.T136744A16113787. Retrieved 16 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  80. Donati, G., Balestri, M., Campera, M., Ganzhorn, J., Hyde Roberts, S., Rakotondranary, S.J., Ramanamanjato, J.-B. & Rasoloarison, R.M. (2020). "Microcebus tanosi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T163024481A163024490. Retrieved 11 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  81. Mittermeier, pp. 117–119
  82. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Microcebus tavaratra". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  83. Sgarlata, G.M., Le Pors, B., Blanco, M., Salmona, J., Chikhi, L., Louis, E.E., Cotton, S., Hending, D., Dolch, R., Ganzhorn, J., Greene, L.K., Lewis, R., Rafalinirina, H.A., Raharivololona, B., Rakotoarisoa, G., Ralison, J., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Rasoloarison, R.M., Razafindrasolo, M., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Microcebus tavaratra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41571A115579176. Retrieved 16 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  84. Mittermeier, pp. 140–143
  85. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Mirza coquereli". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 113. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  86. LaFleur, M. (2020). "Mirza coquereli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T13584A115567718. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  87. Mittermeier, pp. 144–145
  88. Reuter, K.E. & Schwitzer, C. 2020. (2020). "Mirza zaza". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136684A120487592. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  89. Garbutt, pp. 111–114
  90. Mittermeier, pp. 181–182
  91. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Phaner electromontis". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  92. Sgarlata, G.M., Le Pors, B., Salmona, J., Hending, D., Chikhi, L. & Cotton, S. (2020). "Phaner electromontis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16875A115571235. Retrieved 16 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  93. Mittermeier, pp. 174–175
  94. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Phaner furcifer". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  95. Louis, E.E., Randriamampoinana, R., Bailey, C.A. & Sefczek, T.M. (2020). "Phaner furcifer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16872A115570701. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  96. Mittermeier, pp. 178–180
  97. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Phaner pallescens". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  98. Borgerson, C. (2020). "Phaner pallescens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16874A115571047. Retrieved 16 July 2020.
  99. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Phaner parienti". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  100. Louis, E.E., Mittermeier, R.A., Randrianambinina, B., Randriatahina, G., Rasoloharijaona, S., Wilmet, L., Ratsimbazafy, J., Volampeno, S. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Phaner parienti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16873A115570887. Retrieved 16 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  101. Mittermeier, pp. 282–284
  102. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Eulemur albifrons". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  103. Borgerson, C., Eppley, T.M., Donati, G., Colquhoun, I.C., Irwin, M., Johnson, S., Louis, E.E., Patel, E., Ralainasolo, F.B., Ravaloharimanitra, M., Razafindramanana, J., Reuter, K.E., Volampeno, S., Wright, P. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Eulemur albifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8204A115561853. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  104. Mittermeier, pp. 280–281
  105. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Eulemur cinereiceps". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  106. Johnson, S.; Andriamisedra, T.R.; Donohue, M.E.; Ralainasolo, F.B.; Birkinshaw, C.; Ludovic, R.; Ratsimbazafy, J. (2020). "Eulemur cinereiceps". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8205A115562060. Retrieved 17 July 2020.
  107. Mittermeier, pp. 278–279
  108. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Eulemur collaris". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  109. Donati, G., Balestri, M., Campera, M., Hyde Roberts, S., Račevska, E., Ramanamanjato, J.-B. & Ravoahangy, A. (2020). "Eulemur collaris". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8206A115562262. Retrieved 17 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  110. Mittermeier, pp. 297–299
  111. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Eulemur coronatus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 115. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  112. Reuter, K.E., Eppley, T.M., Hending, D., Pacifici, M., Semel, B. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Eulemur coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8199A115561046. Retrieved 17 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  113. Mittermeier, pp. 291–293
  114. Volampeno, S., Randriatahina, G., Schwitzer, C. & Seiler, M. (2020). "Eulemur flavifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8211A115563094. Retrieved 17 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  115. Mittermeier, pp. 272–274
  116. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Eulemur fulvus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 115. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  117. Irwin, M. & King, T. (2020). "Eulemur fulvus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8207A115562499. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  118. Mittermeier, pp. 288–290
  119. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Eulemur macaco". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 115. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  120. Andriantsimanarilafy, R.R., Borgerson, C., Clarke, T., Colquhoun, I.C., Cotton, A., Donati, G., Eppley, T.M., Heriniaina, R., Irwin, M., Johnson, S., Mittermeier, R.A., Patel, E., Ralainasolo, F.B., Randrianasolo, H., Randriatahina, G., Ratsimbazafy, J., Ravaloharimanitra, M., Razafindramanana, J., Reuter, K.E., Schwitzer, C., Stone, E., Volampeno, S. & Wright, P. (2020). "Eulemur macaco". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8212A115563301. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  121. Mittermeier, pp. 300–302
  122. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Eulemur mongoz". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 115. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  123. Razafindramanana, J., Eppley, T.M., Rakotondrabe, R., Roullet, D., Irwin, M. & King, T. (2020). "Eulemur mongoz". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8202A115561431. Retrieved 17 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  124. Mittermeier, pp. 294–296
  125. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Eulemur rubriventer". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  126. Irwin, M., King, T., Ravoloharimanitra, M. & Razafindramanana, J. (2020). "Eulemur rubriventer". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8203A115561650. Retrieved 17 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  127. Mittermeier, pp. 275–277
  128. Johnson, S., Narváez-Torres, P.R., Holmes, S.M., Wyman, T.M., Louis, E.E. & Wright, P. (2020). "Eulemur rufifrons". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136269A115581600. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  129. Razafindramanana, J., Eppley, T.M., Rakotondrabe, R., Rakotoarisoa, A.A., Ravaloharimanitra, M. & King, T. (2020). "Eulemur rufus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8209A115562696. Retrieved 17 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  130. Mittermeier, pp. 285–287
  131. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Eulemur sanfordi". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 114. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  132. Chikhi, L., Le Pors, B., Louis, E.E., Mittermeier, R.A., Ralainasolo, F.B., Ralison, J., Randrianambinina, B., Randriatahina, G., Rasamimananana, H., Rasoloharijaona, S., Ratelolahy, F., Ratsimbazafy, J., Reuter, K.E., Volampeno, S. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Eulemur sanfordi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T8210A115562894. Retrieved 17 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  133. Mittermeier, pp. 222–225
  134. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Hapalemur alaotrensis". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  135. Ralainasolo, F.B., Raveloarimalala, M.L., Randrianasolo, H., Reuter, K.E., Heriniaina, R., Clarke, T., Ravaloharimanitra, M., Volampeno, S., Donati, G., Razafindramanana, J., Andriantsimanarilafy, R.R., Randriatahina, G., Irwin, M., Eppley, T.M. & Borgerson, C. (2020). "Hapalemur alaotrensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9676A115564982. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  136. Mittermeier, pp. 228–230
  137. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Hapalemur aureus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  138. Wright, P., Hearthstone, E., Donohue, M.E., Andrianoely, D., Otero-Jiménez, B.J. & Lauterbur, M.E. (2020). "Hapalemur aureus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9672A115564398. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  139. Mittermeier et al. 2010, pp. 326–327
  140. Irwin, M., Louis, E.E. & Frasier, C.L. (2020). "Hapalemur griseus ssp. gilberti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136894A115586672. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  141. Mittermeier, pp. 216–219
  142. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Hapalemur griseus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  143. Irwin, M., Frasier, C.L. & Louis, E.E. (2020). "Hapalemur griseus ssp. griseus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9677A115565180. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  144. Mittermeier et al. 2010, pp. 328–331
  145. Irwin, M., Frasier, C.L. & Louis, E.E. (2020). "Hapalemur griseus ssp. ranomafanensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971595A115588288. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  146. Mittermeier, pp. 226–227
  147. Garbutt, p. 140
  148. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Hapalemur meridionalis". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 116. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  149. Donati, G., Balestri, M., Campera, M. & Eppley, T.M. (2020). "Hapalemur meridionalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136384A115582831. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  150. Mittermeier, pp. 220–221
  151. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Hapalemur occidentalis". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 116–117. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  152. Eppley, T.M., Razafindramanana, J., Borgerson, C., Patel, E. & Louis, E.E. (2020). "Hapalemur occidentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9678A115565375. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  153. Mittermeier, pp. 234–236
  154. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Prolemur simus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 117. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  155. Ravaloharimanitra, M., King, T., Wright, P., Raharivololona, B., Ramaherison, R.P., Louis, E.E., Frasier, C.L., Dolch, R., Roullet, D., Razafindramanana, J., Volampeno, S., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Randrianarimanana, L., Borgerson, C. & Mittermeier, R.A. (2020). "Prolemur simus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T9674A115564770. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  156. Mittermeier, pp. 246–249
  157. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Lemur catta". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 117. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  158. LaFleur, M.; Gould, L. (2020). "Lemur catta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11496A115565760. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  159. Mittermeier, pp. 321–323
  160. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Varecia rubra". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 117. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  161. Borgerson, C., Eppley, T.M., Patel, E., Johnson, S., Louis, E.E. & Razafindramanana, J. (2020). "Varecia rubra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22920A115574598. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  162. Mittermeier, pp. 317–318
  163. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Varecia variegata editorum". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  164. Louis, E.E., Sefczek, T.M., Raharivololona, B., King, T., Morelli, T.L. & Baden, A. (2020). "Varecia variegata ssp. editorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136895A115586802. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  165. Mittermeier, pp. 319–320
  166. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Varecia variegata subcincta". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  167. Louis, E.E., Sefczek, T.M., Raharivololona, B., King, T., Morelli, T.L. & Baden, A. (2020). "Varecia variegata ssp. subcincta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136934A115587032. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  168. Mittermeier, pp. 315–316
  169. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Varecia variegata variegata". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  170. Louis, E.E., Sefczek, T.M., Raharivololona, B., King, T., Morelli, T.L. & Baden, A. (2020). "Varecia variegata ssp. variegata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T22919A115574404. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  171. Garbutt, pp. 130–131
  172. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Sefczek, T.M., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C., Ratsimbazafy, J. & Wilmet, L. (2020). "Lepilemur aeeclis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136376A115582704. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  173. Garbutt, p. 131
  174. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Sefczek, T.M., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C., Ratsimbazafy, J. & Wilmet, L. (2020). "Lepilemur ahmansonori". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136843A115586466. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  175. Mittermeier, pp. 204–205
  176. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Lepilemur ankaranensis". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  177. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C., Ratsimbazafy, J. & Wilmet, L. (2020). "Lepilemur ankaranensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136731A115585357. Retrieved 19 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  178. Garbutt, pp. 116–117
  179. Louis, E.E., Mittermeier, R.A., Rakotoarisoa, G., Randrianambinina, B., Randriatahina, G., Rasoloharijaona, S., Ratelolahy, F., Ratsimbazafy, J., Réné De Roland, L.A., Volampeno, S. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Lepilemur betsileo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136662A115584379. Retrieved 19 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  180. Mittermeier, pp. 202–203
  181. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Lepilemur dorsalis". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  182. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Sefczek, T.M., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C., Ratsimbazafy, J. & Wilmet, L. (2020). "Lepilemur dorsalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11616A115565969. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  183. Mittermeier, pp. 200–201
  184. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Lepilemur edwardsi". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  185. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Sefczek, T.M., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C., Ratsimbazafy, J., Wilmet, L. & Borgerson, C. (2020). "Lepilemur edwardsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11617A115566145. Retrieved 19 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  186. Garbutt, p. 120
  187. Donati, G., Balestri, M., Campera, M., Ravoahangy, A. & Louis, E.E. (2020). "Lepilemur fleuretae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136263A115581448. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  188. Garbutt, p. 128
  189. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Sefczek, T.M., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C., Ratsimbazafy, J., Wilmet, L. & Radespiel, U. (2020). "Lepilemur grewcockorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136771A115585939. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  190. Ramaromilanto, B.; Lei, R.; Engberg, S.E.; Johnson, S.E.; Sitzmann, B.D.; Louis Jr., E.E. (2009). "Sportive lemur diversity at Mananara-Nord Biosphere Reserve, Madagascar" (PDF). Occasional Papers (286): 1–22. ISSN 0149-175X. OCLC 424383680. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 February 2012. Retrieved 23 May 2009.
  191. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Sefczek, T.M., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C., Ratsimbazafy, J., Wilmet, L., Borgerson, C. & Golden, C. (2020). "Lepilemur hollandorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971489A115587841. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  192. Garbutt, p. 134
  193. LaFleur, M. & Bornbusch, S. (2020). "Lepilemur hubbardorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136761A115585671. Retrieved 19 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  194. Garbutt, pp. 118–119
  195. Andriamisedra, T.R., Ranaivoarisoa, F.N., Ratsimbazafy, J. & Louis, E.E. (2020). "Lepilemur jamesorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136491A115583306. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  196. Mittermeier, pp. 196–197
  197. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Lepilemur leucopus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  198. Eppley, T.M., Ferguson, B., Louis, E.E., Rakotondranary, S.J. & Ganzhorn, J. (2020). "Lepilemur leucopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11618A115566334. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  199. Mittermeier, pp. 194–195
  200. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Lepilemur microdon". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  201. Wright, P., Hearthstone, E., Andrianoely, D. & Donohue, M.E. (2020). "Lepilemur microdon". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11619A115566492. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  202. Garbutt, p. 122
  203. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Sefczek, T.M., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C., Ratsimbazafy, J., Wilmet, L. & Salmona, J. (2020). "Lepilemur milanoii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136609A115583605. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  204. Wilmet, L., Rabarivola, C.J., Raharivololona, B., Louis, E.E. & Schwitzer, C. (2020). "Lepilemur mittermeieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136622A115583759. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  205. Mittermeier, pp. 192–193
  206. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Lepilemur mustelinus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 118–119. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  207. LaFleur, M. (2020). "Lepilemur mustelinus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11620A115566646. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  208. Radespiel, U., Rakotondravony, R., Randrianambinina, B., Rasoloharijaona, S. & Wilmet, L. (2020). "Lepilemur otto". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136796A115586218. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  209. Garbutt, pp. 134–135
  210. Louis, E.E., Sefczek, T.M., Bailey, C.A., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C. & Wilmet, L. (2020). "Lepilemur petteri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136677A115584740. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  211. Garbutt, p. 132
  212. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C., Ratsimbazafy, J. & Wilmet, L. (2020). "Lepilemur randrianasoloi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136254A115581313. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  213. Mittermeier, pp. 198–199
  214. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Lepilemur ruficaudatus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 119. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  215. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Frasier, C.L. (2020). "Lepilemur ruficaudatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11621A115566869. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  216. Garbutt, pp. 127–128
  217. Randriatahina, G., Mandl, I., Rabemananjara, N., Seiler, M., Hending, D., Schwitzer, C. & Volampeno, S. (2020). "Lepilemur sahamalaza". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136645A115584072. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  218. Eppley, T.M., Borgerson, C., Sawyer, R.M. & Fenosoa, Z.S.E. (2020). "Lepilemur scottorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971518A115587981. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  219. Garbutt, pp. 120–121
  220. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C., Wilmet, L., Borgerson, C. & Golden, C. (2020). "Lepilemur seali". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136707A115585037. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  221. Mittermeier, pp. 206–207
  222. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Lepilemur septentrionalis". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 118. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  223. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Frasier, C.L., Sefczek, T.M., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C., Ratsimbazafy, J., Wilmet, L., Andriajaona, A., Rasoamazava, L., Rakotomalala, V.F. & Dinsmore, M. (2020). "Lepilemur septentrionalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T11622A115567059. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  224. Garbutt, pp. 126–127
  225. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C., Wilmet, L. & Roos, C. (2020). "Lepilemur tymerlachson". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136709A115585199. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  226. Garbutt, pp. 119–120
  227. Wright, P., Hearthstone, E., Andrianoely, D. & Donohue, M.E. (2020). "Lepilemur wrightae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136311A115582103. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  228. Eppley, T.M. & Patel, E. (2020). "Avahi betsileo". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136767A115585814. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  229. Mittermeier, pp. 339–340
  230. Louis, E.E., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C. & Wilmet, L. (2020). "Avahi cleesei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136335A115582253. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  231. Mittermeier, pp. 332–334
  232. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Avahi laniger". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 119. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  233. Patel, E. (2020). "Avahi laniger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T2434A115559557. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  234. Donati, G., Balestri, M., Campera, M., Norscia, I. & Ravoahangy, A. (2020). "Avahi meridionalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136369A115582568. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  235. Eppley, T.M., Borgerson, C., Sawyer, R.M. & Fenosoa, Z.S.E. (2020). "Avahi mooreorum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T16971566A115588141. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  236. Mittermeier, pp. 335–336
  237. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Avahi occidentalis". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 119. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  238. Eppley, T.M., Patel, E., Reuter, K.E. & Steffens, T.S. (2020). "Avahi occidentalis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T2435A115559730. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  239. Eppley, T.M. & Patel, E. (2020). "Avahi peyrierasi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136285A115581938. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  240. Eppley, T.M., Patel, E., Andriamisedra, T.R., Ranaivoarisoa, F.N., Peterson, C.R., Ratsimbazafy, J. & Louis, E.E. (2020). "Avahi ramanantsoavanai". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T136434A115583017. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  241. Mittermeier, pp. 337–338
  242. Garbutt, pp. 180–181
  243. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Avahi unicolor". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 119. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  244. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Sefczek, T.M., Raharivololona, B., Schwitzer, C. & Wilmet, L. (2020). "Avahi unicolor". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41579A115579946. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  245. Mittermeier, pp. 399–403
  246. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Indri indri". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 120. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  247. King, T., Dolch, R., Randriahaingo, H.N.T., Randrianarimanana, L. & Ravaloharimanitra, M. (2020). "Indri indri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T10826A115565566. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  248. Mittermeier, pp. 383–387
  249. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Propithecus candidus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  250. Patel, E. (2020). "Propithecus candidus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18360A115573359. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  251. Mittermeier, pp. 370–372
  252. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Propithecus coquereli". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 120. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  253. Louis, E.E., Bailey, C.A., Sefczek, T.M., King, T., Radespiel, U. & Frasier, C.L. (2020). "Propithecus coquereli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18355A115572275. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  254. Mittermeier, pp. 367–369
  255. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Propithecus coronatus". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  256. Razafindramanana, J., Salmona, J., King, T., Roullet, D., Eppley, T.M., Sgarlata, G.M. & Schwitzer, C. (2020). "Propithecus coronatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18356A115572495. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  257. Mittermeier, pp. 364–366
  258. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Propithecus deckenii". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  259. King, T. & Rakotonirina, L. (2020). "Propithecus deckenii". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18357A115572684. Retrieved 10 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  260. Mittermeier, pp. 376–379
  261. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Propithecus diadema". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 120. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  262. Irwin, M. (2020). "Propithecus diadema". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18358A115572884. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
  263. Mittermeier, pp. 380–382
  264. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Propithecus edwardsi". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 120. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  265. Wright, P., Hearthstone, E., Andrianoely, D., Donohue, M.E. & Otero-Jiménez, B.J. (2020). "Propithecus edwardsi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18359A115573104. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  266. Mittermeier, pp. 388–390
  267. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Propithecus perrieri". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  268. Heriniaina, R., Hosnah, H.B. & Zaonarivelo, J. (2020). "Propithecus perrieri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18361A115573556. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  269. Semel, B., Semel, M., Salmona, J. & Heriniaina, R. (2020). "Propithecus tattersalli". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18352A115571806. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  270. Mittermeier, pp. 373–375
  271. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Propithecus tattersalli". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  272. Mittermeier, pp. 360–363
  273. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Propithecus verreauxi". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  274. Louis, E.E., Sefczek, T.M., Bailey, C.A., Raharivololona, B., Lewis, R. & Rakotomalala, E.J. (2020). "Propithecus verreauxi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T18354A115572044. Retrieved 20 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  275. Mittermeier, pp. 410–415
  276. Groves, C. P. (2005). "Daubentonia madagascariensis". In Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
  277. Louis, E.E., Sefczek, T.M., Randimbiharinirina, D.R., Raharivololona, B., Rakotondrazandry, J.N., Manjary, D., Aylward, M. & Ravelomandrato, F. (2020). "Daubentonia madagascariensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T6302A115560793. Retrieved 18 July 2020.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  278. Mittermeier, p. 23
  279. Mittermeier, pp. 44–46
  280. Nowak, pp. 89–91
  281. William L. Jungers; Laurie R. Godfrey; Elwyn L. Simons & Prithijit S. Chatrath (28 October 1997). "Phalangeal curvature and positional behavior in extinct sloth lemurs (Primates, Palaeopropithecidae)". PNAS. 94 (22): 11998–12001. Bibcode:1997PNAS...9411998J. doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.11998. PMC 23681. PMID 11038588.
  282. Mittermeier, p. 43
  283. Nowak, pp. 91–92
  284. Mittermeier, p. 50
  285. Nowak, p. 92
  286. Mittermeier, pp. 46–49
  287. Nowak, p. 83
  288. Godfrey, Jungers & Burney 2010, p. 354, 361.

References






Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии