bio.wikisort.org - AnimalThe spotted houndshark, Triakis maculata, is a houndshark of the family Triakidae found in tropical waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean off the coast of South America. It usually grows to a length around 180 centimetres (71 in). The reproduction of this houndshark is ovoviviparous, with a litter of 14 pups being found in one female with a birth size of 30 to 40 centimetres (12 to 16 in).[2] Their diet is believed to consist mainly of crustaceans.[3]
Species of shark
Spotted houndshark |
Conservation status |
 Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1] |
Scientific classification  |
Kingdom: |
Animalia |
Phylum: |
Chordata |
Class: |
Chondrichthyes |
Superorder: |
Selachimorpha |
Order: |
Carcharhiniformes |
Family: |
Triakidae |
Genus: |
Triakis |
Species: |
T. maculata |
Binomial name |
Triakis maculata
Kner & Steindachner, 1867 |
 |
Sharks portal
Description
The spotted houndshark grows to a length around 180 cm (71 in) or exceptionally 240 cm (94 in). It is a robust species with a rounded snout, widely separated, lobed nasal flaps, and long upper lip grooves that extend as far as the junction of the jawbones. The teeth have straight, erect cusps and are not blade-like. The first dorsal fin has a sloping posterior margin and the pectoral fins are broadly falcate (long and curved). Sometimes the body is uniform in colour but more often it is finely spotted with black.[2]
Distribution
The spotted houndshark is found on the continental shelves in the eastern Pacific, from the Galapagos Islands and Peru southwards to the north of Chile, between latitudes 0° and 30° S.[3]
Status
The spotted houndshark is caught for human consumption by gillnet, and sometimes by trawling, in artisan fisheries mainly in Peru, along with the humpback smooth-hound (Mustelus whitneyi) and the speckled smooth-hound (M. mento), collectively known (in Spanish) as "tollo" in local fisheries.[1] Of these three fish species, the spotted houndshark is probably less common than the other two and its total numbers seem to be declining. Some control over fishing has been instituted by the introduction of a minimum size requirement, but this has been set rather low in relation to the size of the fish at sexual maturity. The IUCN has rated the conservation status of this fish as being "Critically Endangered". With the decline in the main species sought (M. whitneyi), fishing pressure has decreased and further monitoring is required to assess whether the population trend will be reversed.[1]
References
Extant shark species |
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- Kingdom Animalia
- Phylum Chordata
- Subphylum Vertebrata
- Class Chondrichthyes
- Subclass Elasmobranchii
- Subdivision Selachii
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Order Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) |
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Hemigaleidae (Weasel sharks) | Hemipristis | |
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Chaenogaleus |
- Hooktooth shark (C. macrostoma)
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Hemigaleus | |
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Paragaleus | |
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Leptochariidae | Leptocharias |
- Barbeled houndshark (L. smithii)
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Proscylliidae (Finback sharks) | Ctenacis | |
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Eridacnis | |
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Proscyllium |
- Graceful catshark (P. habereri)
- P. venustum
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Pseudotriakidae | Gollum |
- Slender smooth-hound (G. attenuatus)
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Pseudotriakis |
- False catshark (P. microdon)
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Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead sharks) | Eusphyra |
- Winghead shark (E. blochii)
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Sphyrna | |
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Triakidae (Houndsharks) | Furgaleus |
- Whiskery shark (F. macki)
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Galeorhinus | |
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Gogolia | |
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Hemitriakis | |
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Hypogaleus | |
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Iago | |
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Mustelus (Smooth-hounds) | |
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Scylliogaleus |
- Flapnose houndshark (S. quecketti)
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Triakis | |
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Carcharhinidae |
- Large family listed below
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Scyliorhinidae |
- Large family listed below
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Family Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks) |
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Carcharhinus | |
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Galeocerdo | |
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Glyphis (River sharks) | |
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Isogomphodon | |
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Lamiopsis |
- Broadfin shark (L. temminckii)
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Loxodon | |
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Nasolamia | |
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Negaprion | |
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Prionace | |
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Rhizoprionodon | |
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Scoliodon |
- Spadenose shark (S. laticaudus)
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Triaenodon |
- Whitetip reef shark (T. obesus)
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Family Scyliorhinidae (Catsharks) |
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Apristurus | |
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Asymbolus |
- Australian spotted catshark (A. analis)
- A. funebris
- Western spotted catshark (A. occiduus)
- Pale spotted catshark (A. pallidus)
- A. parvus
- A. rubiginosus
- Variegated catshark (A. submaculatus)
- Gulf catshark (A. vincenti)
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Atelomycterus |
- A. baliensis
- Banded sand catshark (A. fasciatus)
- Australian marbled catshark (A. macleayi)
- Coral catshark (A. marmoratus)
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Aulohalaelurus | |
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Cephaloscyllium |
- Whitefin swellshark (C. albipinnum)
- Circle-blotch pygmy swellshark (C. circulopullum)
- Cook's swellshark (C. cooki)
- Reticulated swellshark (C. fasciatum)
- Formosa swellshark (C. formosanum)
- Australian reticulate swellshark (C. hicosellum)
- Draughtsboard shark (C. isabellum)
- Australian swellshark (C. laticeps)
- Spotted swellshark (C. maculatum)
- Leopard-spotted swellshark (C. pardelotum)
- Painted swellshark (C. pictum)
- Sarawak pygmy swellshark (C. sarawakensis)
- Flagtail swellshark (C. signourum)
- Indian swellshark (C. silasi)
- Speckled swellshark (C. speccum)
- Balloon shark (C. sufflans)
- Blotchy swellshark (C. umbratile)
- Saddled swellshark (C. variegatum)
- Swellshark (C. ventriosum)
- Narrowbar swellshark (C. zebrum)
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Cephalurus | |
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Figaro |
- Australian sawtail catshark (F. boardmani)
- Northern sawtail catshark (F. striatus)
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Galeus | |
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Halaelurus | |
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Haploblepharus |
- Puffadder shyshark (H. edwardsii)
- Brown shyshark (H. fuscus)
- Natal shyshark (H. kistnasamyi)
- Dark shyshark (H. pictus)
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Holohalaelurus |
- H. favus
- H. grennian
- Crying izak (H. melanostigma)
- African spotted catshark (H. punctatus)
- Izak catshark (H. regani)
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Parmaturus | |
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Pentanchus | |
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Poroderma |
- Pyjama catshark (P. africanum)
- Leopard catshark (P. pantherinum)
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Schroederichthys | |
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Scyliorhinus | |
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Order Echinorhiniformes (Bramble sharks) |
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Order Heterodontiformes (Bullhead sharks) |
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Order Hexanchiformes |
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Chlamydoselachidae | Chlamydoselachus |
- Frilled shark (C. anguineus)
- Southern African frilled shark (C. africana)
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Hexanchidae (Cow sharks) | Heptranchias |
- Sharpnose sevengill shark (H. perlo)
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Hexanchus |
- Bluntnose sixgill shark (H. griseus)
- Bigeyed sixgill shark (H. nakamurai)
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Notorynchus | |
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Order Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) |
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Alopiidae | Alopias (Thresher sharks) | |
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Cetorhinidae | Cetorhinus |
- Basking shark (C. maximus)
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Lamnidae | Carcharodon |
- Great white shark (C. carcharias)
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Isurus | |
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Lamna | |
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Megachasmidae | Megachasma |
- Megamouth shark (M. pelagios)
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Mitsukurinidae | |
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Odontaspididae | Carcharias |
- Grey nurse shark (C. taurus)
- Indian sand tiger (C. tricuspidatus)
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Odontaspis | |
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Pseudocarchariidae | Pseudocarcharias |
- Crocodile shark (P. kamoharai)
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Order Orectolobiformes (Carpet sharks) |
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Brachaeluridae | Brachaelurus | |
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Heteroscyllium |
- Bluegrey carpetshark (H. colcloughi)
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Ginglymostomatidae (Nurse sharks) | |
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Hemiscylliidae (Bamboo sharks) | Chiloscyllium | |
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Hemiscyllium | |
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Orectolobidae (Wobbegongs) | Eucrossorhinus |
- Tasselled wobbegong (E. dasypogon)
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Orectolobus | |
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Sutorectus |
- Cobbler wobbegong (S. tentaculatus)
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Parascylliidae (Collared carpet sharks) | Cirrhoscyllium | |
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Parascyllium |
- Collared carpetshark (P. collare)
- Rusty carpetshark (P. ferrugineum)
- Ginger carpetshark (P. sparsimaculatum)
- Necklace carpetshark (P. variolatum)
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Rhincodontidae | |
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Stegostomatidae | |
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Order Pristiophoriformes (Sawsharks) |
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Pristiophoridae | Pliotrema |
- Sixgill sawshark (P. warreni)
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Pristiophorus | |
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Order Squaliformes |
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Centrophoridae (Gulper sharks) | |
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Dalatiidae | Euprotomicroides |
- Taillight shark (E. zantedeschia)
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Heteroscymnoides |
- Longnose pygmy shark (H. marleyi)
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Mollisquama | |
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Dalatias | |
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Isistius |
- Cookiecutter shark (I. brasiliensis)
- South China cookiecutter shark (I. labialis)
- Largetooth cookiecutter shark (I. plutodus)
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Euprotomicrus |
- Pygmy shark (E. bispinatus)
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Squaliolus |
- Smalleye pygmy shark (S. aliae)
- Spined pygmy shark (S. laticaudus)
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Etmopteridae | Aculeola |
- Hooktooth dogfish (A. nigra)
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Centroscyllium |
- Highfin dogfish (C. excelsum)
- Black dogfish (C. fabricii)
- Granular dogfish (C. granulatum)
- Bareskin dogfish (C. kamoharai)
- Combtooth dogfish (C. nigrum)
- Ornate dogfish (C. ornatum)
- Whitefin dogfish (C. ritteri)
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Etmopterus (Lantern sharks) |
- New Zealand lanternshark (E. baxteri)
- Blurred lanternshark (E. bigelowi)
- Shorttail lanternshark (E. brachyurus)
- Lined lanternshark (E. bullisi)
- E. burgessi
- Cylindrical lanternshark (E. carteri)
- Tailspot lanternshark (E. caudistigmus)
- Combtooth lanternshark (E. decacuspidatus)
- Pink lanternshark (E. dianthus)
- E. dislineatus
- Blackmouth lanternshark (E. evansi)
- Pygmy lanternshark (E. fusus)
- Broadbanded lanternshark (E. gracilispinis)
- Southern lanternshark (E. granulosus)
- Caribbean lanternshark (E. hillianus)
- Smalleye lantern shark (E. litvinovi)
- Blackbelly lanternshark (E. lucifer)
- Slendertail lanternshark (E. molleri)
- Dwarf lanternshark (E. perryi)
- African lanternshark (E. polli)
- Great lanternshark (E. princeps)
- False lanternshark (E. pseudosqualiolus)
- Smooth lanternshark (E. pusillus)
- Dense-scale lantern shark (E. pycnolepis)
- West Indian lanternshark (E. robinsi)
- Fringefin lanternshark (E. schultzi)
- Thorny lanternshark (E. sentosus)
- Velvet belly lantern shark (E. spinax)
- Splendid lanternshark (E. splendidus)
- Tasmanian lanternshark (E. tasmaniensis)
- Brown lanternshark (E. unicolor)
- Hawaiian lanternshark (E. villosus)
- Green lanternshark (E. virens)
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Miroscyllium |
- Rasptooth dogfish (M. sheikoi)
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Trigonognathus | |
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Oxynotidae (Rough sharks) | |
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Somniosidae (Sleeper sharks) | Centroscymnus | |
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Centroselachus | |
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Proscymnodon |
- Largespine velvet dogfish (P. macracanthus)
- Plunket shark (P. plunketi)
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Scymnodalatias |
- Whitetail dogfish (S. albicauda)
- Azores dogfish (S. garricki)
- Sparsetooth dogfish (S. oligodon)
- Sherwood dogfish (S. sherwoodi)
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Scymnodon |
- Smallmouth velvet dogfish (S. obscurus)
- Knifetooth dogfish (S. ringens)
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Somniosus | |
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Zameus | |
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Squalidae (Dogfish sharks) | Cirrhigaleus |
- Roughskin spurdog (C. asper)
- Mandarin dogfish (C. barbifer)
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Squalus (Spurdogs) |
- Spiny dogfish (S. acanthias)
- Eastern highfin spurdog (S. albifrons)
- S. acutirostris
- Western highfin spurdog (S. altipinnis)
- Longnose spurdog (S. blainville)
- Fatspine spurdog (S. crassispinus)
- Cuban dogfish (S. cubensis)
- Eastern longnose spurdog (S. grahami)
- Japanese spurdog (S. japonicus)
- Shortnose spurdog (S. megalops)
- Blacktailed spurdog (S. melanurus)
- Shortspine spurdog (S. mitsukurii)
- Bartail spurdog (S. notocaudatus)
- Western longnose spurdog (S. nasutus)
- Cyrano spurdog (S. rancureli)
- Pacific spiny dogfish (S. suckleyi)
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Order Squatiniformes (Angel sharks) |
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На других языках
- [en] Spotted houndshark
[ru] Перуанская тройнозубая акула
Перуанская тройнозубая акула или пятнистая тройнозубая акула[1] (Triakis maculata) — редкий и малоизученный вид хрящевых рыб рода тройнозубых акул семейства куньих акул отряда кархаринообразных. Эндемик юго-восточной части Тихого океана. Вероятно, размножается живорождением. Максимальная зафиксированная длина 180 см. Опасности для человека не представляет. Имеет незначительное коммерческое значение.
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