bio.wikisort.org - AnimalThe dumb gulper shark (Centrophorus harrissoni) is a rare and endangered deepwater dogfish, known from only along the east coast of Australia and isolated spots north and west of New Zealand. It is also known as the dumb shark, Harrison's deep-sea dogfish, or Harrison's dogfish.[1]
Species of shark
Dumb gulper shark |
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Conservation status |
 Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[1] |
Scientific classification  |
Kingdom: |
Animalia |
Phylum: |
Chordata |
Class: |
Chondrichthyes |
Superorder: |
Selachimorpha |
Order: |
Squaliformes |
Family: |
Centrophoridae |
Genus: |
Centrophorus |
Species: |
C. harrissoni |
Binomial name |
Centrophorus harrissoni
McCulloch, 1915 |
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Range of dumb gulper shark (in blue) |
Sharks portal
Characteristics
The dumb gulper shark may grow to be 43 in (110 cm) long and has a long, robust head, a long, flattened snout, a large y mouth, and large, green eyes, which help it see at 820 to 1260 ft (250 to 385 m) under water.[2][3] The body is slender and of moderate size, and is grey to greyish-brown in colour, with a paler underside. Of the two dorsal fins, the first is larger than the second, and each has a short spine, a white rear margin, and a dark blotch towards the front, which is more distinct in juveniles.[2] The large caudal fin is asymmetrical, with a longer upper than lower lobe.[3]
The broad teeth of this species differ between the upper and lower jaws, with the lower teeth being much larger. The teeth also differ between the male and female, with the male having much more erect, upright upper teeth, and upward-curving tips on the lowers.[2] The dumb gulper shark is very similar in appearance to the closely related little gulper shark.
Habitat
This shark is found off the coasts of eastern Australia and New Zealand.[4][5] Its habitat is in the demersal zone on the upper to middle continental slope.
Behaviour
These sharks eat mostly teleost fishes (particularly myctophids), cephalopods and crustaceans.[6] Females produce a maximum of one to two pups every one to two years. Evidence suggests that the left-side uterus is less functional than the right-side.[7] They can live up to 46 years on average.
Population
The population size is unknown, but numbers have decreased as much as 99% in some areas since the 1970s. This species is harvested, by trawling or drop lining, for meat and liver oil (squalene). Upper-slope dogfish species are more vulnerable to capture than midslope species, because they are targeted throughout their vertical distribution and most of their local geographic distribution.[8] The low reproductive rate, late age of maturity, and long lifespan typical of these sharks means they are likely unable to recover quickly after depletion.
Conservation
Action is being taken to preserve the dumb gulper, which includes being incorporated into the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation (EPBC) Act to create a plan to keep this species safe. In response to this species’ inherent low productivity and continuing reduced numbers, managers have introduced landing restrictions and area closures to enhance C. harrissoni stocks in southern Australian waters.[7]
The New Zealand Department of Conservation has classified the dumb gulper shark as "Data Deficient" with the qualifier "Threatened Overseas" under the New Zealand Threat Classification System.[9]
References
- Finucci, B.; Cheok, J.; Cotton, C.F.; Kulka, D.W.; Neat, F.C.; Rigby, C.L.; Tanaka, S.; Walker, T.I. (2020). "Centrophorus harrissoni". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T41740A68614118. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T41740A68614118.en. Retrieved 12 November 2021.
- White, W.T., Ebert, D.A. and Compagno, L.J.V. (2008) Description of two new species of gulper sharks, genusCentrophorus (Chondrichthyes: Squaliformes: Centrophoridae) from Australia. In: Last, P.R., White, W.T. and Pogonoski, J.J. (Eds.) Descriptions of New Australian Chondrichthyans. CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research Paper No. 022, CSIRO, Australia.
- Compagno, L.J.V. (1984). "Sharks of the World. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date, Vol. 4: Part 1: Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes" (PDF). Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.[permanent dead link]
- Scientists delighted to find rare shark off the east coast of Flinders Island, Tasmania
- Duffy, Clintoni A. J. (1 June 2007). "First record of Centrophorus harrissoni from New Zealand, with observations on squamation in centrophoridae (squaliformes)". New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research. 41 (2): 163–173. doi:10.1080/00288330709509905.
- Daley, R., Stevens, J. and Graham, K. 2002. Catch analysis and productivity of the deepwater dogfish resource in southern Australia. Report by CSIRO Marine Research and NSW Fisheries to the Fisheries Research and Development Corporation. FRDC Project 1998/108.
- Graham, K. J.; Daley, R. K. (1 January 2011). "Distribution, reproduction and population structure of three gulper sharks (Centrophorus, Centrophoridae) in south-east Australian waters". Marine and Freshwater Research. 62 (6): 583. doi:10.1071/MF10158.
- Andrew, N.L., Graham, K.J., Hodgson, K.E. and Gordon, G.N.G. 1997. Changes after twenty years in relative abundance and size composition of commercial fishes caught during fishery independent surveys on SEF trawl grounds. NSW Fisheries Final Report Series No. 1 FRDC Project No. 96/139.
- Duffy, Clinton A. J.; Francis, Malcolm; Dunn, M. R.; Finucci, Brit; Ford, Richard; Hitchmough, Rod; Rolfe, Jeremy (2018). Conservation status of New Zealand chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks and rays), 2016 (PDF). Wellington, New Zealand: Department of Conservation. p. 9. ISBN 9781988514628. OCLC 1042901090.
External links
- ARKIVE Dumb gulper shark - Videos, photos and facts
Extant shark species |
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- Kingdom Animalia
- Phylum Chordata
- Subphylum Vertebrata
- Class Chondrichthyes
- Subclass Elasmobranchii
- Subdivision Selachii
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Order Carcharhiniformes (Ground sharks) |
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Hemigaleidae (Weasel sharks) | Hemipristis | |
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Chaenogaleus |
- Hooktooth shark (C. macrostoma)
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Hemigaleus | |
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Paragaleus | |
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Leptochariidae | Leptocharias |
- Barbeled houndshark (L. smithii)
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Proscylliidae (Finback sharks) | Ctenacis | |
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Eridacnis | |
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Proscyllium |
- Graceful catshark (P. habereri)
- P. venustum
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Pseudotriakidae | Gollum |
- Slender smooth-hound (G. attenuatus)
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Pseudotriakis |
- False catshark (P. microdon)
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Sphyrnidae (Hammerhead sharks) | Eusphyra |
- Winghead shark (E. blochii)
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Sphyrna | |
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Triakidae (Houndsharks) | Furgaleus |
- Whiskery shark (F. macki)
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Galeorhinus | |
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Gogolia | |
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Hemitriakis | |
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Hypogaleus | |
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Iago | |
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Mustelus (Smooth-hounds) | |
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Scylliogaleus |
- Flapnose houndshark (S. quecketti)
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Triakis | |
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Carcharhinidae |
- Large family listed below
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Scyliorhinidae |
- Large family listed below
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Family Carcharhinidae (Requiem sharks) |
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Carcharhinus | |
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Galeocerdo | |
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Glyphis (River sharks) | |
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Isogomphodon | |
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Lamiopsis |
- Broadfin shark (L. temminckii)
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Loxodon | |
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Nasolamia | |
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Negaprion | |
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Prionace | |
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Rhizoprionodon | |
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Scoliodon |
- Spadenose shark (S. laticaudus)
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Triaenodon |
- Whitetip reef shark (T. obesus)
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Family Scyliorhinidae (Catsharks) |
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Apristurus | |
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Asymbolus |
- Australian spotted catshark (A. analis)
- A. funebris
- Western spotted catshark (A. occiduus)
- Pale spotted catshark (A. pallidus)
- A. parvus
- A. rubiginosus
- Variegated catshark (A. submaculatus)
- Gulf catshark (A. vincenti)
|
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Atelomycterus |
- A. baliensis
- Banded sand catshark (A. fasciatus)
- Australian marbled catshark (A. macleayi)
- Coral catshark (A. marmoratus)
|
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Aulohalaelurus | |
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Cephaloscyllium |
- Whitefin swellshark (C. albipinnum)
- Circle-blotch pygmy swellshark (C. circulopullum)
- Cook's swellshark (C. cooki)
- Reticulated swellshark (C. fasciatum)
- Formosa swellshark (C. formosanum)
- Australian reticulate swellshark (C. hicosellum)
- Draughtsboard shark (C. isabellum)
- Australian swellshark (C. laticeps)
- Spotted swellshark (C. maculatum)
- Leopard-spotted swellshark (C. pardelotum)
- Painted swellshark (C. pictum)
- Sarawak pygmy swellshark (C. sarawakensis)
- Flagtail swellshark (C. signourum)
- Indian swellshark (C. silasi)
- Speckled swellshark (C. speccum)
- Balloon shark (C. sufflans)
- Blotchy swellshark (C. umbratile)
- Saddled swellshark (C. variegatum)
- Swellshark (C. ventriosum)
- Narrowbar swellshark (C. zebrum)
|
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Cephalurus | |
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Figaro |
- Australian sawtail catshark (F. boardmani)
- Northern sawtail catshark (F. striatus)
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Galeus | |
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Halaelurus | |
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Haploblepharus |
- Puffadder shyshark (H. edwardsii)
- Brown shyshark (H. fuscus)
- Natal shyshark (H. kistnasamyi)
- Dark shyshark (H. pictus)
|
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Holohalaelurus |
- H. favus
- H. grennian
- Crying izak (H. melanostigma)
- African spotted catshark (H. punctatus)
- Izak catshark (H. regani)
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Parmaturus | |
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Pentanchus | |
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Poroderma |
- Pyjama catshark (P. africanum)
- Leopard catshark (P. pantherinum)
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Schroederichthys | |
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Scyliorhinus | |
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Order Echinorhiniformes (Bramble sharks) |
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Order Heterodontiformes (Bullhead sharks) |
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Order Hexanchiformes |
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Chlamydoselachidae | Chlamydoselachus |
- Frilled shark (C. anguineus)
- Southern African frilled shark (C. africana)
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|
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Hexanchidae (Cow sharks) | Heptranchias |
- Sharpnose sevengill shark (H. perlo)
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Hexanchus |
- Bluntnose sixgill shark (H. griseus)
- Bigeyed sixgill shark (H. nakamurai)
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Notorynchus | |
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Order Lamniformes (Mackerel sharks) |
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Alopiidae | Alopias (Thresher sharks) | |
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Cetorhinidae | Cetorhinus |
- Basking shark (C. maximus)
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Lamnidae | Carcharodon |
- Great white shark (C. carcharias)
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Isurus | |
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Lamna | |
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Megachasmidae | Megachasma |
- Megamouth shark (M. pelagios)
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Mitsukurinidae | |
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Odontaspididae | Carcharias |
- Grey nurse shark (C. taurus)
- Indian sand tiger (C. tricuspidatus)
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Odontaspis | |
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Pseudocarchariidae | Pseudocarcharias |
- Crocodile shark (P. kamoharai)
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Order Orectolobiformes (Carpet sharks) |
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Brachaeluridae | Brachaelurus | |
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Heteroscyllium |
- Bluegrey carpetshark (H. colcloughi)
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Ginglymostomatidae (Nurse sharks) | |
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Hemiscylliidae (Bamboo sharks) | Chiloscyllium | |
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Hemiscyllium | |
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Orectolobidae (Wobbegongs) | Eucrossorhinus |
- Tasselled wobbegong (E. dasypogon)
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Orectolobus | |
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Sutorectus |
- Cobbler wobbegong (S. tentaculatus)
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Parascylliidae (Collared carpet sharks) | Cirrhoscyllium | |
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Parascyllium |
- Collared carpetshark (P. collare)
- Rusty carpetshark (P. ferrugineum)
- Ginger carpetshark (P. sparsimaculatum)
- Necklace carpetshark (P. variolatum)
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Rhincodontidae | |
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Stegostomatidae | |
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Order Pristiophoriformes (Sawsharks) |
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Pristiophoridae | Pliotrema |
- Sixgill sawshark (P. warreni)
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Pristiophorus | |
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Order Squaliformes |
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Centrophoridae (Gulper sharks) | |
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Dalatiidae | Euprotomicroides |
- Taillight shark (E. zantedeschia)
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Heteroscymnoides |
- Longnose pygmy shark (H. marleyi)
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Mollisquama | |
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Dalatias | |
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Isistius |
- Cookiecutter shark (I. brasiliensis)
- South China cookiecutter shark (I. labialis)
- Largetooth cookiecutter shark (I. plutodus)
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Euprotomicrus |
- Pygmy shark (E. bispinatus)
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Squaliolus |
- Smalleye pygmy shark (S. aliae)
- Spined pygmy shark (S. laticaudus)
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Etmopteridae | Aculeola |
- Hooktooth dogfish (A. nigra)
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Centroscyllium |
- Highfin dogfish (C. excelsum)
- Black dogfish (C. fabricii)
- Granular dogfish (C. granulatum)
- Bareskin dogfish (C. kamoharai)
- Combtooth dogfish (C. nigrum)
- Ornate dogfish (C. ornatum)
- Whitefin dogfish (C. ritteri)
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Etmopterus (Lantern sharks) |
- New Zealand lanternshark (E. baxteri)
- Blurred lanternshark (E. bigelowi)
- Shorttail lanternshark (E. brachyurus)
- Lined lanternshark (E. bullisi)
- E. burgessi
- Cylindrical lanternshark (E. carteri)
- Tailspot lanternshark (E. caudistigmus)
- Combtooth lanternshark (E. decacuspidatus)
- Pink lanternshark (E. dianthus)
- E. dislineatus
- Blackmouth lanternshark (E. evansi)
- Pygmy lanternshark (E. fusus)
- Broadbanded lanternshark (E. gracilispinis)
- Southern lanternshark (E. granulosus)
- Caribbean lanternshark (E. hillianus)
- Smalleye lantern shark (E. litvinovi)
- Blackbelly lanternshark (E. lucifer)
- Slendertail lanternshark (E. molleri)
- Dwarf lanternshark (E. perryi)
- African lanternshark (E. polli)
- Great lanternshark (E. princeps)
- False lanternshark (E. pseudosqualiolus)
- Smooth lanternshark (E. pusillus)
- Dense-scale lantern shark (E. pycnolepis)
- West Indian lanternshark (E. robinsi)
- Fringefin lanternshark (E. schultzi)
- Thorny lanternshark (E. sentosus)
- Velvet belly lantern shark (E. spinax)
- Splendid lanternshark (E. splendidus)
- Tasmanian lanternshark (E. tasmaniensis)
- Brown lanternshark (E. unicolor)
- Hawaiian lanternshark (E. villosus)
- Green lanternshark (E. virens)
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Miroscyllium |
- Rasptooth dogfish (M. sheikoi)
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Trigonognathus | |
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Oxynotidae (Rough sharks) | |
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Somniosidae (Sleeper sharks) | Centroscymnus | |
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Centroselachus | |
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Proscymnodon |
- Largespine velvet dogfish (P. macracanthus)
- Plunket shark (P. plunketi)
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Scymnodalatias |
- Whitetail dogfish (S. albicauda)
- Azores dogfish (S. garricki)
- Sparsetooth dogfish (S. oligodon)
- Sherwood dogfish (S. sherwoodi)
|
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Scymnodon |
- Smallmouth velvet dogfish (S. obscurus)
- Knifetooth dogfish (S. ringens)
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Somniosus | |
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Zameus | |
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Squalidae (Dogfish sharks) | Cirrhigaleus |
- Roughskin spurdog (C. asper)
- Mandarin dogfish (C. barbifer)
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Squalus (Spurdogs) |
- Spiny dogfish (S. acanthias)
- Eastern highfin spurdog (S. albifrons)
- S. acutirostris
- Western highfin spurdog (S. altipinnis)
- Longnose spurdog (S. blainville)
- Fatspine spurdog (S. crassispinus)
- Cuban dogfish (S. cubensis)
- Eastern longnose spurdog (S. grahami)
- Japanese spurdog (S. japonicus)
- Shortnose spurdog (S. megalops)
- Blacktailed spurdog (S. melanurus)
- Shortspine spurdog (S. mitsukurii)
- Bartail spurdog (S. notocaudatus)
- Western longnose spurdog (S. nasutus)
- Cyrano spurdog (S. rancureli)
- Pacific spiny dogfish (S. suckleyi)
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Order Squatiniformes (Angel sharks) |
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На других языках
- [en] Dumb gulper shark
[ru] Австралийская короткошипая акула
Австрали́йская короткоши́пая аку́ла[1] (лат. Centrophorus harrissoni) — вид хрящевых рыб рода короткошипых акул одноимённого семейства отряда катранообразных. Эти акулы обитают у восточного побережья Австралии на глубине 220—790 м. Вероятно, размножаются яйцеживорождением. Основу рациона составляют костистые рыбы. Максимальная длина — 111 см[2].
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