bio.wikisort.org - Animal

This is a list of Australian species extinct in the Holocene. This list only covers extinctions from the Holocene epoch, a geologic epoch that began about 11,650 years before present (about 9700 BCE)[lower-alpha 1] and continues to the present day.[1] Species that were thought to be extinct and were rediscovered, called Lazarus taxa, are not covered in this article. Extinct subspecies of living species are also excluded. Locally extinct species (species that disappeared from Australia but survive overseas) are also outside of the scope of this article.

The list below includes a total of:

• 32 mammal species (25 from mainland Australia), including 31 extinct and one possibly extinct.
• Ten extinct bird species (one from mainland Australia)
• Two reptile species (one from mainland Australia), including one extinct and one possibly extinct.
• Five amphibian species (all from mainland Australia), including three extinct and two possibly extinct.

Several invertebrate species have also been listed as extinct by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). However, this list is less exhaustive, since invertebrates are more difficult to survey and are less well studied.

All of these extinctions occurred after the European settlement of Australia, which began with the First Fleet in 1788 CE,[2][3] although the thylacine (Thylacinus cynocephalus) was extirpated from mainland Australia about 2,000[4] or 3,000[5] years ago. Thylacines were restricted to Tasmania by the time of European settlement, and the last known individual died in 1936.[6]

Mammals (class Mammalia)

Order Dasyuromorphia

Thylacine (family Thylacinidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Thylacine	Thylacinus cynocephalus	Tasmania (historic); Mainland Australia (prehistoric)	The last known individual died in captivity in 1936[7]

Bandicoots and bilbies (order Peramelemorphia)

Bandicoots (family Peramelidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Desert bandicoot	Perameles eremiana	NT, SA, WA	<1960[8]
New South Wales barred bandicoot	Perameles fasciata		Described in a 2018 study. Considered a recently extinct species.[9]
Southwestern barred bandicoot	Perameles myosuros		Described in a 2018 study. Considered a recently extinct species.[9]
Southern barred bandicoot	Perameles notina		Described in a 2018 study. Considered a recently extinct species.[9]
Ooldea barred bandicoot	Perameles papillon		Described in a 2018 study. Considered a recently extinct species.[9]

Bilbies (family Thylacomyidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Lesser bilby	Macrotis leucura	NT, Qld, SA	1931[10]

Pig-footed bandicoots (family Chaeropodidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Southern pig-footed bandicoot	Chaeropus ecaudatus	South-eastern, south-western, and western Australia[11]	Extinct by 1945.[12]
Northern pig-footed bandicoot	Chaeropus yirratji	Central western Australia[11]	Extinct in the 1950s.[11][12]

Order Diprotodontia

Macropods (family Macropodidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Lake Mackay hare-wallaby	Lagorchestes asomatus	Northern Territory[13]	The only known specimen of the Lake Mackay hare-wallaby was taken in 1932. Surveys in the Northern Territory and Western Australia have failed to locate it. Older western desert Aboriginal people stated that it disappeared between 1940 and 1960.[13]
Eastern hare-wallaby	Lagorchestes leporides	NSW, Qld, SA, VIC	1890[14]
Toolache wallaby	Notamacropus greyi	SA, VIC	1932[15]
Crescent nailtail wallaby	Onychogalea lunata	SA, WA	1956[16]

Bettongs, potoroos, and rat-kangaroos (family Potoroidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Desert bettong	Bettongia anhydra	Near Lake Mackay, western Northern Territory[17]	Described as a distinct species in 2015 using a specimen collected in 1933. Considered a modern extinction.[17]
Nullarbor dwarf bettong	Bettongia pusilla	South Australia and Western Australia[18][19]	Known only from recent subfossils found in caves. Believed to have gone extinct after European settlement.[18][19]
Desert rat-kangaroo	Caloprymnus campestris	Queensland, South Australia, and Northern Territory[20]	The last confirmed record of the species came in 1935 from near Ooroowilanie, east of Lake Eyre, South Australia.[20][21]
Broad-faced potoroo	Potorous platyops	WA	1865[22]

Rodents (order Rodentia)

Murids (family Muridae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
White-footed rabbit-rat	Conilurus albipes	South-eastern South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales and eastern Queensland[23]	Last recorded 1860-1862 in Victoria, where it was at one time common and even regarded as a pest. Many surveys conducted across its range over many years have not found this species. However, there is a possible observational record from near Deniliquin, New South Wales, from the early 1940s.[23]
Lesser stick-nest rat	Leporillus apicalis	NSW, NT, SA, VIC, WA	1933[24]
Bramble Cay melomys	Melomys rubicola	Bramble Cay, Queensland	Last seen in 2009. Declared extinct by the IUCN in 2015.[25]
Short-tailed hopping mouse	Notomys amplus	Northern Territory, South Australia and Western Australia[26]	The only known specimens came from Charlotte Waters, Northern Territory in 1896. Subfossil data indicates that it had a wide distribution ranging from north-eastern South Australia and south-eastern Northern Territory to North West Cape, Western Australia.[26]
Long-tailed hopping-mouse	Notomys longicaudatus	NT, SA, WA	1901
Big-eared hopping-mouse	Notomys macrotis	WA	1843[27]
Darling Downs hopping mouse	Notomys mordax	Darling Downs, Queensland[28]	Known from a single skull found at Darling Downs, Queensland. Probably collected in the 1840s. Extinction is considered to be due primarily to predation by feral cats.[28]
Great hopping mouse	Notomys robustus	Flinders Ranges, South Australia	Known only from skulls found in owl pellets in the Flinders Ranges. Some pellets also include bones of the introduced house mouse, indicating that it survived into historic times, possibly the second half of the 19th century.
Blue-grey mouse	Pseudomys glaucus	NSW, Qld	1956[29]
Maclear's rat	Rattus macleari	Christmas Island	1908[30]
Bulldog rat	Rattus nativitatis	Christmas Island	last recorded in 1903.[31]

Order Eulipotyphla

True shrews (family Soricidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Christmas Island shrew	Crocidura trichura	Christmas Island	Considered critically endangered or possibly extinct. Last seen in 1985.

Bats (order Chiroptera)

Megabats (family Pteropodidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Percy Island flying fox	Pteropus brunneus	Percy Islands, Queensland[32]	This species is known only from a single specimen (collected in 1874). It was reported as being plentiful at the close of the 19th century.[32]

Vesper bats (family Vespertilionidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Christmas Island pipistrelle	Pipistrellus murrayi	Christmas Island	2009[33]
Lord Howe long-eared bat	Nyctophilus howensis	Lord Howe Island, New South Wales	Known only by a single specimen, a skull found on Lord Howe Island in 1972.

Birds (class Aves)

Pigeons and doves (order Columbiformes)

Pigeons and doves (family Columbidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Norfolk ground dove	Pampusana norfolkensis	Norfolk Island	Extinct about 1800.

Rails and cranes (order Gruiformes)

Rails (family Rallidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
White swamphen	Porphyrio albus	Lord Howe Island, New South Wales	Probably extinct by 1834. Probably hunted to extinction by whalers and sealers. Habitat destruction probably did not play a role, and introduced predators (such as rats and cats) arrived later.

Parrots (order Psittaciformes)

Kea and kākā (family Nestoridae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Norfolk kākā	Nestor productus	Norfolk Island	The last bird in captivity died in London in 1851.

Old World parrots (family Psittaculidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Lord Howe parakeet	Cyanoramphus subflavescens	Lord Howe Island, New South Wales	Last recorded in 1869. Due to persecution because of predation on gardens and crops.
Macquarie parakeet	Cyanoramphus erythrotis	Macquarie Island, Tasmania	Last sighted in 1891. Dogs and cats were introduced to the island by 1820 and the parrots were hunted for food by sealers, but the species remained common until about 1880. Driven to extinction by weka and European rabbits introduced in the 1870s.
Paradise parrot	Psephotellus pulcherrimus	New South Wales and Queensland	Date uncertain but around 1927. More recent sightings are sometimes claimed but have never been confirmed. Cause uncertain, most hypotheses centre on starvation from lack of grass seed after drought, overgrazing, more frequent fires, and introduction of the prickly pear.

Australian warblers (family Acanthizidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Lord Howe gerygone	Gerygone insularis	Lord Howe Island, New South Wales	Not recorded since 1928. Believed to be a result of the introduction of black rats following the grounding of the SS Makambo in June 1918.

White-eyes (family Zosteropidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
White-chested white-eye	Zosterops albogularis	Norfolk Island	The Australian government has considered the species extinct since the year 2000. The IUCN considers this species critically endangered.
Robust white-eye	Zosterops strenuus	Lord Howe Island, New South Wales	Not recorded since 1923. Believed to be a result of the introduction of black rats following the grounding of the SS Makambo in June 1918.

Starlings (family Sturnidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Tasman starling	Aplonis fusca	Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island, New South Wales	Last recorded in 1923. Competition from the introduced common starling, common blackbird and song thrush, clearance for agriculture and predation from introduced black rats. Among these dangerous predators, the Tasman starling always kept its distance.[34]

Reptiles (class Reptilia)

Squamates (order Squamata)

Skinks (family Scincidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Christmas Island forest skink	Emoia nativitatis	Christmas Island	The last captive specimen died on May 31, 2014[35]

Agamids (family Agamidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Victorian grassland earless dragon	Tympanocryptis pinguicolla	Victoria	Classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List, but this was based on the former view that classified the Canberra, Cooma, and Bathurst populations under T. pinguicolla. Based on recent studies, it is highly likely that T. pinguicolla is extinct, due to the destruction of most of its habitat and the last sighting of the species being made in 1969. If the species is extinct, it could represent the first known reptilian extinction on the Australian mainland in modern times.[36]

Amphibians (class Amphibia)

Frogs (order Anura)

Australian ground frogs (family Myobatrachidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Southern gastric-brooding frog	Rheobatrachus silus	Queensland	Considered extinct. Depending on the source, the last specimen seen in the wild was in 1979 in the Conondale Range, or in 1981 in the Blackall Ranges. The last captive specimen died in 1983.[37]
Northern gastric-brooding frog	Rheobatrachus vitellinus	Queensland	Considered extinct. The last wild specimen was recorded in 1985.[38]
Sharp snouted day frog	Taudactylus acutirostris	Queensland	Considered critically endangered under the IUCN Red List, but is likely extinct. The last wild specimen was recorded in 1997.[39]
Mount Glorious day frog	Taudactylus diurnus	Queensland	Considered extinct. The last wild specimen was recorded in 1979.[40]

Australian treefrogs (family Pelodryadidae)

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Peppered tree frog	Ranoidea piperata	A very small area of the Northern Tablelands of New South Wales[41]	Last seen in 1973. Classified as critically endangered (possibly extinct) by the IUCN Red List during the most recent assessment in 2004.[41]

Invertebrates

Molluscs (phylum Mollusca)

Gastropods (class Gastropoda)

Order Littorinimorpha

Family Tateidae

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
	Fluvidona dulvertonensis		1996.[42] A type of freshwater snail.

Order Stylommatophora

Family Achatinellidae

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
	Tornelasmias capricorni		A type of land snail.[43]

Annelids (phylum Annelida)

Clitellates (class Clitellata)

Order Opisthopora

Family Megascolecidae

Common name	Scientific name	Location	Comments	Pictures
Lake Pedder earthworm	Hypolimnus pedderensis	Near Lake Pedder, Tasmania	Probably extinct in 1972, confirmed in 2000[44]

Plants (kingdom Plantae)

See also

• Fauna of Australia
• Threatened fauna of Australia
• Australian megafauna
• Lazarus taxon
• List of New Zealand species extinct in the Holocene
• List of recently extinct mammals
• List of extinct bird species since 1500
• Lists of extinct species

Notes

References

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