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This list of Asian animals extinct in the Holocene features animals known to have become extinct in the last 12,000 years on the Asian continent and its islands.

Map of Asia
Map of Asia

Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information.


Mammals



Undated


Holocene extinctions of unknown date
Common name/scientific name Range
Flores cave rat
Spelaeomys florensis		 Flores, Indonesia[1]
Ochotona transcaucasica Caucasus[2]

Prehistoric


Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Bubal hartebeest
Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus		 1200-586 BCE[3] North Africa and southern Levant
Alor Island giant rat
Alormys aplini		 1050 BCE[4] Alor Island, Indonesia
Steppe bison
Bison priscus		 2550-2450 BCE[5] Northern Eurasia and North America
Indian aurochs
Bos primigenius namadicus		 1800 BCE[6] Indian subcontinent
Eurasian aurochs
Bos primigenius primigenius		 1900-1745 BCE[7] Mid-latitude Eurasia[8]
Short-horned water buffalo
Bubalus mephistopheles		 1750-1650 BCE[9] South, central, and east China
Miyako roe deer
Capreolus tokunagai		 9050-8050 BCE[4] Miyako Island, Ryukyu, Japan
Woolly rhinoceros
Coelodonta antiquitatis		 8050-7650 BCE[10] Northern Eurasia
Buhler's coryphomys
Coryphomys buehleri		 50 BCE[4] Timor
Timor giant rat
Coryphomys musseri		 50 BCE[4] Timor
Chinese cave hyena
Crocuta crocuta ultima		 9550 BCE[11] East Asia
Miyako long-tailed rat
Diplothrix miyakoensis		 9050-8050 BCE[4] Miyako Island, Ryukyu, Japan
Syrian elephant
Elephas maximus asurus		 800-700 BCE[12] Mesopotamia
European wild ass
Equus hemionus hydruntinus		 1294-1035 BCE[13] Europe and southwest Asia
Lena horse
Equus lenensis		 440-280 BCE[14] Northern Siberia
Ovodov's horse
Equus ovodovi		 c. 1500 BCE[15] Southern Siberia to Manchuria[16]
Cypriot genet
Genetta plesictoides		 9050 BCE[4] Cyprus
Hooijer's giant rat
Hooijeromys nusantenggara		 1050 BCE[4] Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia
Imperial gibbon
Junzi imperialis		 c. 240 BCE[17] Shaanxi, China?
Woolly mammoth
Mammuthus primigenius		 1795-1675 BCE[18] Northern Eurasia and North America
Irish elk
Megaloceros giganteus		 4901-4831 BCE[19] Europe and southern Siberia
Asian straight-tusked elephant
Palaeoloxodon namadicus		 7330-6250 BCE
(unconfirmed)[20]		 South and east Asia
Verhoeven's giant tree rat
Papagomys theodorverhoeveni		 1050 BCE[4] Flores, Indonesia
Sumba Island giant rat
Raksasamys tikusbesar		 1935-1700 BCE[4] Sumba Island, Indonesia

Recent


Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Caucasian Moose
Alces alces caucasicus		 c. 1900[21] Northern Caucasus and Transcaucasian coast of the Black Sea
Caucasian wisent
Bison bonasus caucasicus		 1927[22] Caucasus Mountains
Hokkaidō wolf
Canis lupus hattai		 c. 1889[23] Hokkaidō, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Iturup and Kunashir[24]
Japanese wolf
Canis lupus hodophilax		 1905[23] Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū, Japan
Syrian wild ass
Equus hemionus hemippus		 1927[25] Fertile Crescent
Queen of Sheba's gazelle
Gazella bilkis		 1951[26] Southwestern Yemen
Saudi gazelle
Gazella saudiya		 1970[27] Arabian Peninsula
Steller's sea cow
Hydrodamalis gigas		 1762-1763[28] Bering Sea
Hokkaidō otter
Lutra lutra whiteleyi		 1950s[29] Hokkaidō and southern Kuril Islands[30]
Japanese otter
Lutra nippon		 1983[30] Honshū, Shikoku, and Kyūshū, Japan
Formosan clouded leopard
Neofelis nebulosa brachyura		 1983[31] Taiwan
Bali tiger
Panthera tigris balica		 1937[32] Bali, Indonesia
Javan tiger
Panthera tigris sondaica		 1984[32] Java, Indonesia
Caspian tiger
Panthera tigris virgata		 1979[32] Western and Central Asia
Christmas Island pipistrelle
Pipistrellus murrayi		 2009[33] Christmas Island
Sturdee's pipistrelle
Pipistrellus sturdeei		 1889[34] Haha-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan
Vietnamese rhinoceros
Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus		 2010[35] Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, and eastern Thailand
Indian Javan rhinoceros
Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis		 1920[35] Northeastern India, Bangladesh, and Myanmar
Schomburgk's deer
Rucervus schomburgki		 1938[36] Central Thailand
Japanese sea lion
Zalophus japonicus		 1951[37] Japanese archipelago and Korea


Possibly extinct
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Kouprey
Bos sauveli		 1969[38] Notheastern Cambodia
Ilin Island cloudrunner
Crateromys paulus		 1953[39] Mindoro and Ilin Island, Philippines
Christmas Island shrew
Crocidura trichura		 1985[40] Christmas Island
Northern Sumatran rhinoceros
Dicerorhinus sumatrensis lasiotis		 unknown[41] India, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar
Baiji
Lipotes vexillifer		 2002[42] Middle and lower Yangtze River, China
Gloomy tube-nosed bat
Murina tenebrosa		 1962[43] Tsushima and possibly Yaku Island, Japan
Cebu warty pig
Sus cebifrons cebifrons		 1960s[44] Cebu, Philippines[45]
Malabar large-spotted civet
Viverra civettina		 1989[46] Western Ghats, India

Local


Locally extinct and extinct in the wild
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range Reintroduction Image
Lowland wisent
Bison bonasus bonasus		 18th century Central Europe to southern Siberia 1946 (Caucasus)
1982 (Altai)[47]
Bactrian camel
Camelus bactrianus		 after 4000-3000 BCE[upper-alpha 1] Central and eastern Asian steppe[49]
Dromedary
Camelus dromedarius		 404 BCE[50] Arabian Peninsula
Pere David's deer
Elaphurus davidianus		 c. 400[51] Northeastern China 1985[52]
African wild ass
Equus africanus		 3000 BCE[53] North Africa, Levant, and Arabian Peninsula
Przewalski's horse
Equus ferus przewalskii		 1969 Central and eastern Asian steppe 1994[54]
Hippopotamus
Hippopotamus amphibius		 1200-586 BCE[3] Subsaharan Africa, Egypt, and the Levantine coast[55]
Arabian oryx
Oryx leucoryx		 1972[56] Arabian Peninsula 1982[57]
Muskox
Ovibos moschatus		 820-620 BCE[14] Northern Eurasia and North America 1974[58]
South China tiger
Panthera tigris amoyensis		 c. 2000[59][60] Southern China
Lesser kudu
Tragelaphus imberbis		 1968?[61][53] East Africa and western Arabian Peninsula

Birds



Undated


Holocene extinctions of unknown date
Common name/scientific name Range
Daito bush warbler
Horornis diphone restricta		 Daito Islands, Japan[62]

Prehistoric


Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Bennu heron
Ardea bennuides		 2550 BCE[63] Arabian Peninsula
Asian ostrich
Struthio asiaticus		 7600-6245 BCE[64] Eastern Europe through Kazakhstan to India and China[65]

Recent


Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Car Nicobar sparrowhawk
Accipiter butleri butleri		 1901[66] Car Nicobar, Nicobar Islands
Iwo Jima rail
Amaurornis cinerea breviceps		 1911[66] Naka Iwo Jima and Minami Iwo Jima, Bonin Islands
Bonin grosbeak
Carpodacus ferreorostris		 1828[67] Bonin Islands, Japan
Cyprus dipper
Cinclus cinclus olympicus		 1945[68] Cyprus
Bonin wood pigeon
Columba versicolor		 1889[69] Bonin Islands, Japan
Ryukyu wood pigeon
Columba jouyi		 1936[66] Ryukyu, Japan
Cebu hanging parrot
Loriculus philippensis chrysonotus		 1943[66] Cebu, Philippines
Siquijor hanging parrot
Loriculus philippensis siquijorensis		 1908[66] Siquijor, Philippines
Bonin nankeen night heron
Nycticorax caledonicus crassirostris		 1889[66] Chichi-jima and Nakōdo-jima, Bonin Islands
Ticao tarictic hornbill
Penelopidis panini ticaensis		 1971[66] Ticao Island, Philippines
Bornean Baillon's crake
Porzana pusilla mira		 1912[66] Borneo
Daito varied tit
Sittiparus varius orii		 1938[66] Kitadaitōjima, Okinawa, Japan
Arabian ostrich
Struthio camelus syriacus		 c. 1941[70] Arabian Peninsula and Near East
Tawi-tawi buttonquail
Turnix sylvaticus suluensis		 1950s[66] Jolo and Tawi-tawi, Sulu archipelago, Philippines
Spectacled cormorant
Urile perspicillatus		 1850[71] Commander Islands, Russia
Bonin thrush
Zoothera terrestris		 1828[72] Bonin Islands, Japan


Possibly extinct
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Mukojima white-eye
Apalopteron familiare familiare		 1930s[73] Mukojima, Bonin Islands
Sangihe dwarf kingfisher
Ceyx fallax sangirensis		 1997[66] Sangihe Islands, Indonesia
Rück's blue flycatcher
Cyornis ruckii		 1918[74] Northern Sumatra coast, Indonesia
White-eyed river martin
Eurochelidon sirintarae		 1978[75] Central Thailand
Sulu bleeding-heart
Gallicolumba menagei		 1891[66] Tawi-tawi, Sulu archipelago, Philippines
Slender-billed curlew
Numenius tenuirostris		 2001[66] Western Eurasia and North Africa
Himalayan quail
Ophrysia superciliosa		 1876[66] Uttarakhand, India
Siau scops owl
Otus siaoensis		 1866[66] Siau Island, Indonesia
Negros fruit dove
Ptilinopus arcanus		 1953[76] Negros Island, Philippines
Pink-headed duck
Rhodonessa caryophyllacea		 1949[77] Northeast India, Bangladesh, and northern Myanmar
Crested shelduck
Tadorna cristata		 1964[78] Primorye, Hokkaidō, and South Korea; possibly North Korea and northeastern China
Javan lapwing
Vanellus macropterus		 1940[79] Java, Indonesia

Local


Extinct in the wild
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Northern bald ibis
Geronticus eremita		 2014[80] Mediterranean region

Reptiles


Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range
Ryukyu tortoise
Manouria oyamai		 c. 9050 BCE[81] Ryukyu, Japan
Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Chinese gharial
Hanyusuchus sinensis		 1292-1630[82] South China and Hainan
Locally extinct and extinct in the wild
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Nile crocodile
Crocodylus niloticus		 c. 1900[83] Subsaharan Africa, Egypt, and the Levant
Christmas Island blue-tailed skink
Cryptoblepharus egeriae		 2010[84] Christmas Island
Christmas Island chained gecko
Lepidodactylus listeri		 2012[85] Christmas Island

Amphibians


Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Yunnan lake newt
Cynops wolterstorffi		 1979[86] Kunming Lake, Yunnan, China
Gunther's streamlined frog
Nannophrys guentheri		 1882[87] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus adspersus 1886[88] Nuwara Eliya, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus dimbullae 1933[89] Dimbulla, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus eximius 1933[90] Dimbulla, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus extirpo 1882[91] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus halyi 1899[92] Pattipola, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus leucorhinus before 1856[93] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus maia 1876[94] Poojagoda, Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus malcolmsmithi 1927[95] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus nanus 1869[96] Southern Sri Lanka
Sharp-nosed bush frog
Pseudophilautus nasutus		 1869[97] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus oxyrhynchus 1872[98] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus pardus before 1859[99] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus rugatus 1927[100] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus temporalis 1864[101] Sri Lanka
Variable bush frog
Pseudophilautus variabilis		 1858[102] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus zal before 1947[103] Sri Lanka
Pseudophilautus zimmeri 1927[104] Point de Galle, Sri Lanka

Fish


Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Beyşehir bleak
Alburnus akili		 1955[105] Lake Beyşehir, Turkey
Anabarilius macrolepis 1981[106] Yilong Lake, Yunnan, China
Pait
Barbodes amarus		 1982[107] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Baolan
Barbodes baoulan		 1991[108] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bagangan
Barbodes clemensi		 1975[109] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes disa 1964[110] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Katapa-tapa
Barbodes flavifuscus		 1964[111] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes herrei 1974[112] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes katolo 1977[113] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Kandar
Barbodes lanaoensis		 1964[114] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes manalak 1977[115] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bitungu
Barbodes pachycheilus		 1964[116] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bagangan
Barbodes palaemophagus		 1975[117] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes palata 1964[118] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bagangan
Barbodes resimus		 1964[119] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Barbodes tras 1976[120] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Bitungu
Barbodes truncatulus		 1973[121] Lake Lanao, Philippines
Lost shark
Carcharinus obsoletus		 1934[122] Southern South China Sea
Yilong carp
Cyprinus yilongensis		 1981[123] Yilong Lake, Yunnan, China
Hula bream
Mirogrex hulensis		 1975[124] Lake Hula, Israel
Siamese flat-barbelled catfish
Platytropius siamensis		 1975-1977[125] Chao Phraya and Bang Pakong River basins, Thailand
Chinese paddlefish
Psephurus gladius		 2003[126] Yangtze and Yellow River basins, China
Syr Darya sturgeon
Pseudoscaphirhynchus fedtschenkoi		 1960s[127] Syr Darya River
Schizothorax saltans 1953[128] Talas River basin, Kazakhstan
Tristramella intermedia 1970s[129] Lake Hula, Israel
Tristramella magdelainae 1950s[130] Damascus, Syria
Extinct in the wild
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range Image
Yangtze sturgeon
Acipenser dabryanus		 2000[131] Yangtze River basin, China
Kunimasu
Oncorhynchus kawamurae		 1940[132] Lake Tazawa, Japan
Beloribitsa
Stenodus leucichthys		 1960s[133] Caspian Sea, Volga, Ural, and Terek River drainages

Earthworms


Recent extinctions (1500 CE to present)
Common name/scientific name Extinction date Range
Amynthas japonicus 1820s[134] Nagasaki?, Japan

Molluscs


Holocene extinctions of unknown date
Common name/scientific name Range Image
Gastrocopta chichijimana Bonin Islands, Japan[135]
Gastrocopta ogasawarana Bonin Islands, Japan[136]
Hirasea planulata Bonin Islands, Japan[137]
Lamellidea monodonta Bonin Islands, Japan[138]
Lamellidea nakadai Bonin Islands, Japan[139]
Littoraria flammea China[140]
Trochoidea picardi Israel[141]
Vitrinula chaunax Bonin Islands, Japan[142]
Vitrinula chichijimana Bonin Islands, Japan[143]
Vitrinula hahajimana Bonin Islands, Japan[144]

See also



Notes


  1. The extant wild Bactrian camel (C. ferus) from East Turkestan is not the ancestor of C. bactrianus.[48]

References


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