bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Senegalia catechu is a deciduous, thorny tree which grows up to 15 m (50 ft) in height.[4] The plant is called khair [5] in Hindi, and kachu in Malay, hence the name was Latinized to "catechu" in Linnaean taxonomy, as the type-species from which the extracts cutch and catechu are derived.[6] Common names for it include kher,[7] catechu, cachou, cutchtree, black cutch, and black catechu.

Senegalia catechu
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Caesalpinioideae
Clade:	Mimosoid clade
Genus:	Senegalia
Species:	S. catechu
Binomial name
Senegalia catechu (L.f.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb.
Varieties
Senegalia catechu var. catechu (L.f.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb. Senegalia catechu var. sundra (L.f.) Willd.[2]
Range of Senegalia catechu
Synonyms[3]
Acacia catechu (L.) Willd., Oliv. Acacia catechu (L.f.) Willd. var. catechuoides (Roxb.)Prain Acacia catechuoides (Roxb.) Benth. Acacia sundra (Roxb.) Bedd. Acacia wallichiana DC. Mimosa catechu L.f. Mimosa catechuoides Roxb.

Senegalia catechu is native to South Asia and Southeast Asia, including the Indian subcontinent, Myanmar, Thailand and China (Yunnan).[1]

Through derivatives of the flavanols in its extracts, the species has lent its name to the important catechins, catechols and catecholamines of chemistry and biology.

Uses

Food

The tree's seeds are a good source of protein.[8] Kattha (catechu), an extract of its heartwood, is used as an ingredient to give red color and typical flavor to paan. Paan is an Indian and Southeast Asian tradition of chewing betel leaf (Piper betle) with areca nut and slaked lime paste.

Fodder

Branches of the tree are quite often cut for goat fodder and are sometimes fed to cattle.[3][8][9]

Folk medicine

The heartwood, bark, and wood extract (called catechu) are used in traditional medicine.[4][10] The concentrated aqueous extract, known as khayer gum or cutch, is astringent.[11]

Wood

The tree is often planted for use as firewood and charcoal and its wood is highly valued for furniture and tools.[4] The wood has a density of about 0.88 g/cm³.[12]

Other uses

Its heartwood extract is used in dyeing and leather tanning, as a preservative for fishing nets, and as a viscosity regulator for oil drilling.[4] Its flowers are a good source of nectar and pollen for bees.

Cultivation

The tree can be propagated by planting its seeds, which are soaked in hot water first. After about six months in a nursery, the seedlings can be planted in the field.[4]

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  Plantlings
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  Acacia catechu plantlings

See also

• Arid Forest Research Institute
• Catechu
• Catechin
• Pyrocatechol

References

External links

• Media related to Senegalia catechu at Wikimedia Commons
• Data related to Acacia catechu at Wikispecies
• Media related to Senegalia catechu at Wikimedia Commons

На других языках

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[de] Gerber-Akazie

Die Gerber-Akazie (Senegalia catechu (L. f.) P.J.H.Hurter & Mabb., Syn.: Acacia catechu (L. f.) Willd., Acacia wallichiana DC., Mimosa catechu L. f.), manchmal auch Katechu-Akazie oder nur Katechu genannt, ist eine in Süd- und Südostasien beheimatete Art der Gattung der Akazien (Acacia).

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- [en] Senegalia catechu

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[es] Acacia catechu

Acacia catechu, el catecú,[1] catechu, cato o cate de la India[1] es una especie de pequeño árbol de la familia de las fabáceas.

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[ru] Акация катеху

Акация катеху (лат. Acacia catechu) — растение семейства Бобовые (Fabaceae), вид рода Акация, дико произрастающее в тропической Азии и культивируемое в Индии и Пакистане.

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