bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Quercus lusitanica, commonly known as gall oak, Lusitanian oak, or dyer's oak, is a species of oak native to Portugal, Spain (Galicia and western Andalucia) and Morocco.[3] Quercus lusitanica is the source of commercial nutgalls. These galls are produced by the infection from the insect Cynips gallae tinctoriae. They are used for dyeing.

Gall oak
1897 illustration from Franz Eugen Köhler, Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fagales
Family:	Fagaceae
Genus:	Quercus
Subgenus:	Quercus subg. Quercus
Section:	Quercus sect. Quercus
Species:	Q. lusitanica
Binomial name
Quercus lusitanica Lam.
Synonyms[2]
List Quercus fruticosa Brot. Quercus humilis Lam., illegitimate homonym Quercus valentina Cav. Quercus ovalifolia Bosc ex Pers. Quercus glauca Bosc ex Loisel. Quercus australis Link Quercus undulata K.Koch Quercus prasina Bosc ex Endl. Quercus aegilopifolia Boiss. ex Endl. Quercus muricata Palau ex Willk. & Lange Quercus quexigo Cook ex Willk. & Lange Quercus aegylopifolia Boiss. ex A.DC. Quercus brachycarpa Kotschy ex A.DC. Quercus brachycarpa Guss. ex Parl. Quercus rigida K.Koch ex A.DC. Quercus baetica H.Buek Quercus zang Dippel

Several other species are known colloquially as "gall oaks;" indeed, galls can be found on a large percentage of oak species.[4] The specific epithet "lusitanica" refers to the ancient Roman Province of Lusitania, corresponding roughly to present-day Portugal and Extremadura in Spain.[5]

Description

Quercus lusitanica is an evergreen creeping bush, rarely exceeding 2 metres (6+1⁄2 feet) in height and is often no taller than 30 centimetres (12 inches).[6][7] The plant mainly spreads through various suckers.[8]

Taxonomy

It was incorrectly named Q. humilis, later Q. fruticosa and its current name was incorrectly used to identify other Gall oaks from the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa. This resulted in numerous taxonomy errors in the Gall oaks taxa from the occidental and oriental Mediterranean Basin.[1]

Distribution and habitat

Quercus lusitanica is native to the Iberian Peninsula (in Portugal and western Andalusia, Spain, also rare on Galicia) and Morocco[6] It is commonly associated in oak and pine forests and does well in acidic soils.[1] It favors mild coastal Mediterranean climates but it also succeeds in moist, mild, maritime climates.[8][7] It is relatively sensitive to cold temperatures[1] and is hardy down to −8 °C (18 °F).[8] It inhabits sandy or gravelly soils up to 600 m (2,000 ft) in elevation.[6][9]

Threats

No serious threats were found in Portugal, though in Andalusia this plant has been listed as Near Threatened due to fires, silviculture and grazing ungulates.[1] The main threat to the conservation of genetic diversity of this species is the hybridization with the oak neighbors (Holm Oak, Cork Oak, Kermes Oak, Pyrenean Oak).[1]

References

На других языках

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- [en] Quercus lusitanica

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[es] Quercus lusitanica

Quercus lusitanica es una especie de roble emparentada con los quejigos: de nombre polémico,[¿Por qué?] que habita en Galicia (concretamente, en Carnota en La Coruña), centro y sur de Portugal y provincias de Cádiz y Málaga (Parque natural de Los Alcornocales)[1] y Rif norteafricano; es un arbusto que alcanza a lo sumo 2 m de altura y tiene las hojas como un quejigo, pero con un peciolo muy corto, de menos de 4 mm, que a veces pierden el pelo de la cara posterior, de las hojas. Recibe el nombre de quejigueta y se cría en los matorrales y colinas de clima suave, frecuentemente sobre suelos arenosos y en ambiente de alcornocal.

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[ru] Дуб лузитанский

Дуб лузитанский (лат. Quercus lusitanica) — растение семейства Буковые, вид рода Дуб, произрастающее на Балканах, в Малой Азии и Иране[2].

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