This is a list of the mammal species recorded in El Salvador. Of the mammal species in El Salvador, one is endangered, three are vulnerable, and two are near threatened.[1]
The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature:
EX
Extinct
No reasonable doubt that the last individual has died.
EW
Extinct in the wild
Known only to survive in captivity or as a naturalized populations well outside its previous range.
CR
Critically endangered
The species is in imminent risk of extinction in the wild.
EN
Endangered
The species is facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild.
VU
Vulnerable
The species is facing a high risk of extinction in the wild.
NT
Near threatened
The species does not meet any of the criteria that would categorise it as risking extinction but it is likely to do so in the future.
LC
Least concern
There are no current identifiable risks to the species.
DD
Data deficient
There is inadequate information to make an assessment of the risks to this species.
Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:
LR/cd
Lower risk/conservation dependent
Species which were the focus of conservation programmes and may have moved into a higher risk category if that programme was discontinued.
LR/nt
Lower risk/near threatened
Species which are close to being classified as vulnerable but are not the subject of conservation programmes.
LR/lc
Lower risk/least concern
Species for which there are no identifiable risks.
Subclass: Theria
Infraclass: Metatheria
Order: Didelphimorphia (common opossums)
Water opossumCommon opossum
Didelphimorphia is the order of common opossums of the Western Hemisphere. Opossums probably diverged from the basic South American marsupials in the late Cretaceous or early Paleocene. They are small to medium-sized marsupials, about the size of a large house cat, with a long snout and prehensile tail.
Family: Didelphidae (American opossums)
Subfamily: Didelphinae
Genus: Chironectes
Water opossum, Chironectes minimus LR/nt
Genus: Didelphis
Common opossum, Didelphis marsupialis LR/lc
Virginia opossum, Didelphis virginiana LR/lc
Genus: Marmosa
Mexican mouse opossum, Marmosa mexicana LR/lc
Genus: Philander
Gray four-eyed opossum, Philander opossum LR/lc
Infraclass: Eutheria
Order: Cingulata (armadillos)
Nine-banded armadillo
The armadillos are small mammals with a bony armoured shell. They are native to the Americas. There are around 20 extant species.
The order Pilosa is extant only in the Americas and includes the anteaters, sloths, and tamanduas.
Suborder: Vermilingua
Family: Myrmecophagidae (American anteaters)
Genus: Myrmecophaga
Giant anteater, Myrmecophaga tridactyla VU possibly extirpated
Genus: Tamandua
Northern tamandua, Tamandua mexicana LC
Order: Primates
Geoffroy's spider monkey
The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, tarsiers, monkeys, and apes.
Suborder: Haplorhini
Infraorder: Simiiformes
Parvorder: Platyrrhini
Family: Atelidae
Subfamily: Atelinae
Genus: Ateles
Geoffroy's spider monkey, Ateles geoffroyi LC
Order: Rodentia (rodents)
Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40% of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be kept short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45kg (99lb).
Fulvous pygmy rice rat, Oligoryzomys fulvescens LR/lc
Genus: Oryzomys
Alfaro's rice rat, Oryzomys alfaroi LR/lc
Coues' rice rat, Oryzomys couesi LR/lc
Long-nosed rice rat, Oryzomys rostratus LR/lc
Cloud forest rice rat, Oryzomys saturatior LR/lc
Genus: Rheomys
Thomas's water mouse, Rheomys thomasi LR/lc
Genus: Sigmodon
Southern cotton rat, Sigmodon hirsutus LC
Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)
The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.
Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
Genus: Sylvilagus
Eastern cottontail, Sylvilagus floridanus LR/lc
Central American tapetí, Sylvilagus gabbi LC
Order: Eulipotyphla (shrews, hedgehogs, moles, and solenodons)
Eulipotyphlans are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, hedgehogs carry spines, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.
The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.
Family: Noctilionidae
Genus: Noctilio
Lesser bulldog bat, Noctilio albiventris LR/lc
Greater bulldog bat, Noctilio leporinus LR/lc
Family: Vespertilionidae
Subfamily: Myotinae
Genus: Myotis
Elegant myotis, Myotis elegans LR/nt
Hairy-legged myotis, Myotis keaysi LR/lc
Black myotis, Myotis nigricans LR/lc
Cave myotis, Myotis velifer LR/lc
Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
Genus: Eptesicus
Brazilian brown bat, Eptesicus brasiliensis LR/lc
Big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus LR/lc
Genus: Lasiurus
Desert red bat, Lasiurus blossevillii LR/lc
Southern yellow bat, Lasiurus ega LR/lc
Northern yellow bat, Lasiurus intermedius LR/lc
Genus: Rhogeessa
Black-winged little yellow bat, Rhogeessa tumida LR/lc
Family: Molossidae
Genus: Eumops
Black bonneted bat, Eumops auripendulus LR/lc
Dwarf bonneted bat, Eumops bonariensis LR/lc
Underwood's bonneted bat, Eumops underwoodi LR/nt
Genus: Molossus
Black mastiff bat, Molossus ater LR/lc
Molossus coibensis LR/nt
Velvety free-tailed bat, Molossus molossus LR/lc
Sinaloan mastiff bat, Molossus sinaloae LR/lc
Genus: Nyctinomops
Broad-eared bat, Nyctinomops laticaudatus LR/lc
Genus: Tadarida
Mexican free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis LR/nt
Family: Emballonuridae
Genus: Balantiopteryx
Gray sac-winged bat, Balantiopteryx plicata LR/lc
Genus: Diclidurus
Northern ghost bat, Diclidurus albus LR/lc
Genus: Peropteryx
Greater dog-like bat, Peropteryx kappleri LR/lc
Lesser dog-like bat, Peropteryx macrotis LR/lc
Genus: Rhynchonycteris
Proboscis bat, Rhynchonycteris naso LR/lc
Genus: Saccopteryx
Greater sac-winged bat, Saccopteryx bilineata LR/lc
Lesser sac-winged bat, Saccopteryx leptura LR/lc
Family: Mormoopidae
Genus: Mormoops
Ghost-faced bat, Mormoops megalophylla LR/lc
Genus: Pteronotus
Naked-backed bat, Pteronotus davyi LR/lc
Big naked-backed bat, Pteronotus gymnonotus LR/lc
Parnell's mustached bat, Pteronotus parnellii LR/lc
Wagner's mustached bat, Pteronotus personatus LR/lc
Family: Phyllostomidae
Subfamily: Phyllostominae
Genus: Chrotopterus
Big-eared woolly bat, Chrotopterus auritus LR/lc
Genus: Lonchorhina
Tomes's sword-nosed bat, Lonchorhina aurita LR/lc
Genus: Macrophyllum
Long-legged bat, Macrophyllum macrophyllum LR/lc
Genus: Micronycteris
Schmidts's big-eared bat, Micronycteris schmidtorum LR/lc
Genus: Phyllostomus
Pale spear-nosed bat, Phyllostomus discolor LR/lc
Genus: Trachops
Fringe-lipped bat, Trachops cirrhosus LR/lc
Subfamily: Glossophaginae
Genus: Anoura
Geoffroy's tailless bat, Anoura geoffroyi LR/lc
Genus: Choeroniscus
Godman's long-tailed bat, Choeroniscus godmani LR/nt
Genus: Choeronycteris
Mexican long-tongued bat, Choeronycteris mexicana LR/nt
Genus: Glossophaga
Commissaris's long-tongued bat, Glossophaga commissarisi LR/lc
Gray long-tongued bat, Glossophaga leachii LR/lc
Pallas's long-tongued bat, Glossophaga soricina LR/lc
Genus: Leptonycteris
Southern long-nosed bat, Leptonycteris curasoae VU
Subfamily: Carolliinae
Genus: Carollia
Silky short-tailed bat, Carollia brevicauda LR/lc
Seba's short-tailed bat, Carollia perspicillata LR/lc
Gray short-tailed bat, Carollia subrufa LR/lc
Subfamily: Stenodermatinae
Genus: Artibeus
Aztec fruit-eating bat, Artibeus aztecus LR/lc
Honduran fruit-eating bat, Artibeus inopinatus VU
Jamaican fruit bat, Artibeus jamaicensis LR/lc
Great fruit-eating bat, Artibeus lituratus LR/lc
Pygmy fruit-eating bat, Artibeus phaeotis LR/lc
Toltec fruit-eating bat, Artibeus toltecus LR/lc
Genus: Centurio
Wrinkle-faced bat, Centurio senex LR/lc
Genus: Chiroderma
Salvin's big-eyed bat, Chiroderma salvini LR/lc
Hairy big-eyed bat, Chiroderma villosum LR/lc
Genus: Enchisthenes
Velvety fruit-eating bat, Enchisthenes hartii LR/lc
Genus: Sturnira
Little yellow-shouldered bat, Sturnira lilium LR/lc
Highland yellow-shouldered bat, Sturnira ludovici LR/lc
Genus: Uroderma
Tent-making bat, Uroderma bilobatum LR/lc
Brown tent-making bat, Uroderma magnirostrum LR/lc
Genus: Vampyressa
Southern little yellow-eared bat, Vampyressa pusilla LR/lc
Genus: Vampyrodes
Great stripe-faced bat, Vampyrodes caraccioli LR/lc
Genus: Platyrrhinus
Heller's broad-nosed bat, Platyrrhinus helleri LR/lc
Subfamily: Desmodontinae
Genus: Desmodus
Common vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus LR/lc
Genus: Diaemus
White-winged vampire bat, Diaemus youngi LR/lc
Genus: Diphylla
Hairy-legged vampire bat, Diphylla ecaudata LR/nt
Order: Cetacea (whales)
The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.
Suborder: Mysticeti
Family: Balaenopteridae (baleen whales)
Genus: Balaenoptera
Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata
Sei whale, Balaenoptera borealis
Bryde's whale, Balaenoptera brydei
Blue whale, Balaenoptera musculus
Genus: Megaptera
Humpback whale, Megaptera novaeangliae
Suborder: Odontoceti
Superfamily: Platanistoidea
Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
Genus: Delphinus
Short-beaked common dolphin, Delphinus delphis DD
Genus: Feresa
Pygmy killer whale, Feresa attenuata DD
Genus: Globicephala
Short-finned pilot whale, Globicephala macrorhyncus DD
There are over 260 species of carnivores, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: Felidae (cats)
Subfamily: Felinae
Genus:Herpailurus
Jaguarundi, H. yagouaroundi LC
Genus: Leopardus
Ocelot, L. pardalis LC
Margay, L. wiedii LC
Genus: Puma
Cougar, P. concolor LC
Subfamily: Pantherinae
Genus: Panthera
Jaguar, P. onca NT extirpated
Suborder: Caniformia
Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
Genus: Canis
Coyote, Canis latrans LC
Genus: Urocyon
Gray fox, Urocyon cinereoargenteus LC
Family: Procyonidae (raccoons)
Genus: Bassariscus
Cacomistle, Bassariscus sumichrasti LR/nt
Genus: Nasua
White-nosed coati, Nasua narica LR/lc
Genus: Potos
Kinkajou, Potos flavus LR/lc
Genus: Procyon
Common raccoon, Procyon lotor LR/lc
Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
Genus: Eira
Tayra, Eira barbara LR/lc
Genus: Galictis
Greater grison, Galictis vittata LR/lc
Genus: Lontra
Neotropical river otter, Lontra longicaudis NT
Genus: Neogale
Long-tailed weasel, Neogale frenata LR/lc
Family: Mephitidae
Genus: Conepatus
American hog-nosed skunk, Conepatus leuconotus LR/lc
Genus: Mephitis
Hooded skunk, Mephitis macroura LR/lc
Genus: Spilogale
Eastern spotted skunk, Spilogale putorius LR/lc
Family: Otariidae (eared seals)
Genus: Zalophus
California sea lion, Zalophus californianus LR/lc vagrant[2]
Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)
Baird's tapir
The odd-toed ungulates are browsing and grazing mammals. They are usually large to very large, and have relatively simple stomachs and a large middle toe.
Family: Tapiridae (tapirs)
Genus: Tapirus
Baird's tapir, T. bairdii EN extirpated
Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)
Collared peccary
The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.
Family: Tayassuidae (peccaries)
Genus: Dicotyles
Collared peccary, D. tajacu LC
Genus: Tayassu
White-lipped peccary, T. pecari VU extirpated
Family: Cervidae (deer)
Subfamily: Capreolinae
Genus: Mazama
Central American red brocket, Mazama temama DD
Genus: Odocoileus
White-tailed deer, O. virginianus LC
Notes
This list is derived from the IUCN Red List which lists species of mammals and includes those mammals that have recently been classified as extinct (since 1500 AD). The taxonomy and naming of the individual species is based on those used in existing Wikipedia articles as of 21 May 2007 and supplemented by the common names and taxonomy from the IUCN, Smithsonian Institution, or University of Michigan where no Wikipedia article was available.
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