bio.wikisort.org - Plant Swartland Shale Renosterveld (West Coast Renosterveld) is a critically endangered vegetation type of the Western Cape, South Africa.[1]
Vegetation type endemic to the Western Cape, South Africa
The Spider Orchid, a geophyte found in Swartland Shale Renosterveld vegetation
Distribution
Geissorhiza radians flowers in Swartland Shale Renosterveld , South Africa.
This unique type of Renosterveld vegetation occurs over the Swartland and Boland areas, on the West Coast lowlands to the north of Cape Town. It extends from north of Piketberg , southwards as far as Somerset West . Around 10 percent of this area lies within the Cape Town metropol (where historically it was the most widespread form of Renosterveld, especially concentrated on the Tygerberg Hills in the northern suburbs) and, overall, over 90 percent of this vegetation has been destroyed for farming and other development. The remaining patches are threatened by invasive alien plants and further development, making this vegetation type critically endangered.[2]
Description
Undisturbed, it forms tall, open shrubland over undulating valleys and plains. It usually grows in clay soils that are derived from the Malmesbury Group Shales. Termite mounds create large, round hummocks called “heuweltjies”, that are a prominent feature of this vegetation type, appearing as pale spots on the landscape. Indigenous trees and older thicket often occur around these features. The Renosterbos is relatively common in this vegetation, but this may be due to recent overgrazing – the renosterbos is rather inedible and consequently livestock tend to avoid it.[3]
Threats and conservation
Swartland Shale Renosterveld at Tygerberg Nature Reserve, Cape Town
The vast majority of Swartland Shale Renosterveld has been lost (the target of saving 26% is now unattainable, as 90% is already completely transformed for farming). Remnants survive in tiny isolated patches within farmland, usually only on rougher, steeper ground that cannot be cultivated. Only a few pockets are actually protected, and most surviving areas are threatened by invasive alien plants such as Acacia saligna (“Port Jackson”) , Acacia mearnsii and a variety of other invasive trees, grasses and herbs.[4] [5]
List of some endemic plants
There are a great many plant species within this ecosystem which are totally endemic - existing in this vegetation type and nowhere else in the world. A partial list is included below.
List of some plant endemics
Leucadendron verticillatum
Aspalathus acanthophylla
Aspalathus horizontalis
Aspalathus pinguis subsp. longissima
Aspalathus pinguis subsp. occidentalis
Aspalathus puberula
Aspalathus rectistyla
Cliffortia acockii
Lotononis complanata
Serruria incrassata
Erepsia ramosa
Ruschia patens
Ruschia pauciflora
Indigofera triquetra
Aristea lugens
Babiana angustifolia
Babiana latifolia
Babiana odorata
Babiana secunda
Hesperantha pallescens
Hesperantha spicata subsp. fistulosa
Lachenalia liliflora
Lachenalia mediana rogersii
Lachenalia orthopetala
Lapeirousia fastigiata
Moraea gigandra
Moraea tulbaghensis
Oxalis fragilis
Oxalis involuta
Oxalis leptocalyx
Oxalis levis
Oxalis macra
Oxalis perineson
Oxalis strigosa
Pelargonium viciifolium
Gallery
Hyobanche sanguinea , an indigenous Renosterveld flower
Swartland Shale Renosterveld in flower, at Tienie Versveld Reserve near the town of Darling.
See also
Biodiversity of Cape Town
List of nature reserves in Cape Town
Peninsula Shale Renosterveld
Renosterveld
References
Biodiversity of South Africa
Afrotropical realm
Marine biodiversity of South Africa
Temperate Southern Africa
Western Indo-Pacific
Wildlife of South Africa
National taxon checklists
Regional taxon checklists and other minor lists
List of marine animals of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
List of green seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
List of brown seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
List of red seaweeds of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay
Related:
Biodiversity hotspots and Centres of diversity
Succulent Karoo
Cape Floristic Region
Griqualand West Centre
Albany Centre
Drakensberg Alpine Centre
Soutpansberg Centre
Wolkberg Centre
Sekhukhuneland Centre
Barberton Centre
Maputaland-Pondoland Region
Ecoregions
List of ecoregions in South Africa
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands
Kalahari Acacia-Baikiaea woodlands
Southern Africa bushveld
Zambezian and mopane woodlands
Montane grasslands and shrublands
Drakensberg alti-montane grasslands and woodlands
Drakensberg montane grasslands, woodlands and forests
Highveld grasslands
Maputaland–Pondoland bushland and thickets
Mediterranean forests, woodlands, and scrub
Albany thickets
Lowland fynbos and renosterveld
Montane fynbos and renosterveld
Deserts and xeric shrublands
Kalahari xeric savanna
Nama Karoo
Succulent Karoo
Tundra Mangroves Marine ecoregions
Agulhas ecoregion
Benguela ecoregion
Delagoa ecoregion
Natal ecoregion
Southeast Atlantic ecoregion
Southwest Indian ecoregion
Biomes and Vegetation classification
List of vegetation types of South Africa
Protected areas of South Africa
South African National Parks
Addo Elephant National Park
Agulhas National Park
Augrabies Falls National Park
Bontebok National Park
Camdeboo National Park
Garden Route National Park
Tsitsikamma National Park
Wilderness National Park
Golden Gate Highlands National Park
Karoo National Park
Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
Kruger National Park
Mapungubwe National Park
Marakele National Park
Mokala National Park
Mountain Zebra National Park
Namaqua National Park
Table Mountain National Park
Tankwa Karoo National Park
West Coast National Park
ǀAi-ǀAis/Richtersveld Transfrontier Park
Biosphere reserves
Cape Winelands Biosphere Reserve
Gouritz Cluster Biosphere Reserve
Kogelberg Nature Reserve
Kruger to Canyons Biosphere
Magaliesberg Biosphere Reserve
Waterberg Biosphere
Marine protected areas of South Africa
Coastal
Addo Elephant National Park Marine Protected Area
Amathole Marine Protected Area
Betty's Bay Marine Protected Area
Bird Island Marine Protected Area
De Hoop Marine Protected Area
Dwesa-Cwebe Marine Protected Area
Goukamma Marine Protected Area
Helderberg Marine Protected Area
Hluleka Marine Protected AreaI
iSimangaliso Marine Protected Area
Jutten Island Marine Protected Area
Langebaan Lagoon Marine Protected Area
Malgas Island Marine Protected Area
Marcus Island Marine Protected Area
Namaqua National Park Marine Protected Area
Pondoland Marine Protected Area
Robben Island Marine Protected Area
Rocherpan Marine Protected Area
Robberg Marine Protected Area
Sardinia Bay Marine Protected Area
Sixteen Mile Beach Marine Protected Area
Stilbaai Marine Protected Area
Table Mountain National Park Marine Protected Area
Trafalgar Marine Protected Area
Tsitsikamma Marine Protected Area
uThukela Banks Marine Protected Area
Walker Bay Whale Sanctuary
Offshore
Agulhas Bank Complex Marine Protected Area
Agulhas Front Marine Protected Area
Agulhas Muds Marine Protected Area
Aliwal Shoal Marine Protected Area
Amathole Offshore Marine Protected Area
Benguela Bank Marine Protected Area
Benguela Muds Marine Protected Area
Browns Bank Complex Marine Protected Area
Browns Bank Corals Marine Protected Area
Cape Canyon Marine Protected Area
Childs Bank Marine Protected Area
iSimangaliso Offshore Marine Protected Area
Namaqua Fossil Forest Marine Protected Area
Orange Shelf Edge Marine Protected Area
Prince Edward Islands Marine Protected Area
Protea Banks Marine Protected Area
Southeast Atlantic Seamounts Marine Protected Area
Southwest Indian Seamount Marine Protected Area
Port Elizabeth Corals Marine Protected Area
uThukela Banks Marine Protected Area
Management organisations
Biodiversity research in SA
Bolus Herbarium
Iziko South African Museum
National Research Foundation
South African National Collection of Fungi
Research organisations
Animal Demography Unit
BirdLife South Africa
South African Association for Marine Biological Research
South African Environmental Observation Network
South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity
South African National Biodiversity Institute
Research projects
African Coelacanth Ecosystem Programme
National Biodiversity Assessment
National Vegetation Map Project
Reef Atlas Project
SeaKeys
Citizen science databases
iNaturalist
iSpot
Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology Virtual Museum
Botanical gardens
Durban Botanic Gardens
Free State National Botanical Garden
Garden Route Botanical Garden
Hantam National Botanical Garden
Harold Porter National Botanical Garden
Johannesburg Botanical Garden
Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden
Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden
KwaZulu-Natal National Botanical Garden
Lowveld National Botanical Garden
Makana Botanical Gardens
Manie van der Schijff Botanical Garden
North-West University Botanical Garden
Pretoria National Botanical Garden
Stellenbosch University Botanical Garden
University of KwaZulu-Natal Botanical Garden
Walter Sisulu National Botanical Garden
Taxonomists
Related
Biodiversity
Biosphere
Ecotourism
Encyclopedia of Life
Environmental impact of recreational diving
Low impact diving
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Marine protected area
National park
Nature conservation
Nature reserve
Scuba diving tourism
South African Sustainable Seafood Initiative
World Register of Marine Species
World Wide Fund for Nature
Regional biodiversity
Biodiversity of Cape Town
List of nature reserves in Cape Town
Legislation
Marine Living Resources Act, 18 of 1998
National Environmental Management Act, 1998
National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act, 10 of 2004
National Environmental Management: Integrated Coastal Management Act, 24 of 2008
National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act, 57 of 2003
Publications
List of field guides to South African biota
Categories: Biodiversity of South Africa
Index
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