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This is a list of fishes recorded from the oceans bordering South Africa. This list comprises locally used common names, scientific names with author citation and recorded ranges. Ranges specified may not be the entire known range for the species, but should include the known range within the waters surrounding the Republic of South Africa.

Map of the Southern African coastline showing some of the landmarks referred to in species range statements
Map of the Southern African coastline showing some of the landmarks referred to in species range statements

List ordering and taxonomy complies where possible with the current usage in Wikispecies, and may differ from the cited source, as listed citations are primarily for range or existence of records for the region. Sub-taxa within any given taxon are arranged alphabetically as a general rule. Details of each species may be available through the relevant internal links. Synonyms may be listed where useful.

Fish are aquatic, craniate, gill-bearing animals that lack limbs with digits. Included in this definition are the living hagfish, lampreys, and cartilaginous and bony fish as well as various extinct related groups. Around 99% of living fish species are ray-finned fish, belonging to the class Actinopterygii, with over 95% belonging to the teleost subgrouping.

The earliest organisms that can be classified as fish were soft-bodied chordates that first appeared during the Cambrian period. Although they lacked a true spine, they possessed notochords which allowed them to be more agile than their invertebrate counterparts. Fish would continue to evolve through the Paleozoic era, diversifying into a wide variety of forms. Many fish of the Paleozoic developed external armor that protected them from predators. The first fish with jaws appeared in the Silurian period, after which many (such as sharks) became formidable marine predators rather than just the prey of arthropods.

Most fish are ectothermic ("cold-blooded"), allowing their body temperatures to vary as ambient temperatures change, though some of the large active swimmers like white shark and tuna can hold a higher core temperature. Fish can acoustically communicate with each other, most often in the context of feeding, aggression or courtship. (Full article...)



Superclass Agnatha – Jawless fishes (Cyclostomes)



Class Myxini



Order Myxiniformes – Hagfishes

Family: Myxinidae


Superclass Gnathostomata – Jawed fishes



Class Chondrichthyes – Cartilaginous fishes



Subclass Elasmobranchii – Sharks and Rays


Superorder Rajomorphii – Rays (including skates, guitarfish and sawfish)


Order Myliobatiformes – Stingrays

Superfamily: Myliobatoidea
Family: Gymnuridae

Family: Myliobatidae – Eagle rays

Family: Hexatrygonidae – Sixgill stingrays


Order Pristiformes – Sawfishes

Family: Pristidae – Sawfishes


Order Rajiformes – Rays, skates and guitarfish

Superfamily: Dasyatoidea

Family: Dasyatidae – Stingrays

Superfamily: Rajoidea – Skates

Family: Rajidae – Skates

Superfamily: Rhinobatoidea – Guitarfish (Sandsharks)

Family: Rhinobatidae – Guitarfish


Order Torpediniformes – Electric rays

Family: Narkidae

Family: Torpedinidae


Superorder Selachimorpha – Sharks


Order Carcharhiniformes – Ground sharks

Family: Carcharhinidae – Requiem sharks

Family: Hemigaleidae

Family: Proscylliidae

Family: Scyliorhinidae – Catsharks

Family: Sphyrnidae – Hammerhead sharks

Family: Triakidae – Houndsharks



Order Hexanchiformes – Cow and frill sharks

Family: Hexanchidae – Cow sharks


Order Lamniformes – Mackerel sharks

Family: Alopiidae – Thresher sharks

Family: Cetorhinidae – Basking sharks

Family: Lamnidae – Mackerel sharks

Family: Mitsukurinidae – Goblin sharks

Family: Odontaspididae

Family: Pseudocarchariidae – Crocodile sharks


Order Orectolobiformes – Carpet sharks

Family: Ginglymostomatidae

Family: Rhincodontidae – Whale sharks

Family: Stegostomatidae


Order Pristiophoriformes – Sawsharks

Family: Pristiophoridae


Order Squaliformes – Dogfish sharks

Family: Echinorhinidae – Bramble sharks

Family: Squalidae – Dogfishes


Order Squatiniformes – Angelsharks

Family: Squatinidae


Subclass Holocephali – Chimaeras


Order Chimaeriformes

Family: Callorhinchidae – Elephantfish

Family: Chimaeridae – Chimaeras

Family: Rhinochimaeridae – Longnose chimaeras


Superclass Osteichthyes – Bony fishes


See article List of marine bony fishes of South Africa


References


  1. Ed. Smith, Margaret M, and Heemstra, P. Smith's sea fishes. South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Grahamstown. Struik publishers, Cape Town, 2003. ISBN 1-86872-890-0
  2. Branch, G.M. Griffiths, C.L. Branch, M.L. Beckley, L.E. Two Oceans: A guide to the marine life of southern Africa. 5th impression, David Philip, Cape Town, 2000. ISBN 0-86486-250-4
  3. Jones, Georgina. A field guide to the marine animals of the Cape Peninsula. SURG, Cape Town, 2008. ISBN 978-0-620-41639-9
  4. King, Dennis., and Fraser, Valda. More reef fishes and nudibranchs. Struik, Cape Town, 2001. ISBN 1-86872-686-X
  5. Zsilavecz, Guido, Coastal fishes of the Cape Peninsula and False Bay: A divers' identification guide. SURG, Cape Town, 2005. ISBN 0-620-34230-7
  6. King, Dennis. Reef fishes and corals: East coast of southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town, 1996. ISBN 1-86825-981-1
  7. Compagno, Leonard; Phillip Heemstra (May 2007). "Electrolux addisoni, a new genus and species of electric ray from the east coast of South Africa (Rajiformes: Torpedinoidei: Narkidae), with a review of torpedinoid taxonomy". Smithiana, Publications in Aquatic Biodiversity. The South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity. 7: 15–49. ISSN 1684-4130. Retrieved 8 June 2009.


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