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The Flora of Colombia is characterized by over 28,000 species of green plants. [1]

Victoria amazonica grows in the Amazon basin.
Victoria amazonica grows in the Amazon basin.

National Flower of Colombia


The national flower of Colombia is the orchid Cattleya trianae which was named after the Colombian naturalist José Jerónimo Triana. The orchid was selected by botanist Emilio Robledo, in representation of the Colombian Academy of History to determine the most representative flowering plant of Colombia. He described it as one of the most beautiful flowers in the world and selected Cattleya trianae as National symbol.


National Tree of Colombia


The national tree of Colombia is the palm Ceroxylon quindiuense (Quindío wax palm) which was named after the Colombian Department of Quindío where is located the Cocora valley, the only habitat of this restricted range species. The Quindío wax palm was selected as the national tree by the government of Belisario Betancur and was the first tree officially declared as a protected species in Colombia. C. quindiuense is the only palm that grows at such high altitudes in Colombia and is the tallest monocot in the world.


Endemism


Colombia has the second largest number of heliconia species worldwide. Most of them are endemic species
Colombia has the second largest number of heliconia species worldwide. Most of them are endemic species
The Baudó Mountains in the Colombian pacific coast have many endemic plants.
The Baudó Mountains in the Colombian pacific coast have many endemic plants.

Colombia has the largest number of endemic species (species that are not found naturally anywhere else) worldwide. About 10% of the species in the world live in Colombia.[2] Some determinant factors in the distribution range of the species are the wide diversity of habitats available due to the variety of altitudes, weather conditions, temperatures, soils and sunlight on the coasts, in the Andes and in the rainforest lowlands.

Endemics can easily become endangered or extinct due to their restricted habitat and vulnerability to the actions of man, including the introduction of new organisms.


Ecoregions with high endemism


According to the Colombian Ministry of Environment, the following ecoregions have the highest percentage of botanic endemic species:


Tree species


Many of the Colombian trees are endangered species due to the high quality of the woods and timber industry exploitation (such as Colombian oak Quercus humboldtidiana and Colombian mahogany) and as source of tanning substances for the leather industry (such as mangrove and Encenillo tree Weinmannia tomentosa). Some tree species described in Colombia are:

Pekea-nut tree (Caryocar nuciferum)
Pekea-nut tree (Caryocar nuciferum)
Yopo tree (Anadenanthera peregrina)
Yopo tree (Anadenanthera peregrina)
Cyrilla racemiflora
Cyrilla racemiflora

Fruits of Colombia



Genera


Marmalade bush (Streptosolen jamesonii)
Marmalade bush (Streptosolen jamesonii)
The Arrayan was sacred to precolumbian peoples
The Arrayan was sacred to precolumbian peoples
Espeletia schultzii
Espeletia schultzii
Espeletia pycnophylla
Espeletia pycnophylla
Passiflora tarminiana
Passiflora tarminiana
Velvety Passion Flower
Velvety Passion Flower
Orange Passion Flower
Orange Passion Flower
Passiflora coccinea
Passiflora coccinea
Passiflora loefgrenii
Passiflora loefgrenii
Passiflora picturata
Passiflora picturata
Passiflora subpeltata
Passiflora subpeltata
Passiflora citrina
Passiflora citrina
Macrocarpaea calophylla
Macrocarpaea calophylla
Macrocarpaea apparata
Macrocarpaea apparata

Abarema



Acidocroton



Aiphanes



Aniba



Brownea



Brunellia



Calatola



Centronia



Ceroxylon



Clusia



Eschweilera



Espeletia



Freziera



Grias



Guarea



Gustavia



Herrania



Huilaea



Inga



Leptolejeunea



Licania



Macrolobium



Magnolia



Mayna



Meriania



Metteniusa



Miconia



Oenocarpus



Orphanodendron



Parmentiera



Passiflora



Phytelephas



Pouteria



Pradosia



Prunus



Rinorea



Rollinia



Romeroa



Schoenocephalium



Solanum



Sphaerolejeunea



Streptosolen



Swartzia



Utricularia



Vantanea



Wettinia



Xylosma



Zamia



Zygia



Orchid species


Colombia has the largest number of orchids in the world. Among others:


Frondaria



Restrepia



See also



References


  1. "Checklist of Colombian Plants". Neotropical Flora. Arizona State University.
  2. Universidad Sergio Arboleda Estudios de pregrado, postgrado, educación continuada


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