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Sri Lanka is a tropical island situated close to the southern tip of India. The invertebrate fauna is as large as it is common to other regions of the world. There are about two million species of arthropods found in the world, and still is counting.

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The following list is about confirmed hemipterans recorded in Sri Lanka, though many new unconfirmed sightings are existent.


Hemipterans


Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera

The Hemiptera order of insects includes the insects commonly known as the true bugs. The order includes planthoppers, leafhoppers, shield bugs, cicadas, aphids. More than 70,000 species are distributed worldwide.[1] Most hemipterans are plant sap feeders, some are parasitic, while the rest are predators who attack small insects and small invertebrates. Most species are terrestrial and a few are aquatic. Hemipterans are hemimetabolous, where young are similar to adults in the morphology. Hemipterans are economically important insects, where most of them are agricultural pests and vertebrate parasites.[2]

The following list provide the hemipterans currently identified in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka is known to be home for 794 species of hemipterans included to 71 families. Detailed work of Sri Lankan hemipterans are recorded in book Catalogue of Hemiptera of Sri Lanka.[3] Sri Lanka comprises 74 species in 46 genera and 6 families of aphids within order Hemiptera. Two endemic aphid species found on Sri Lanka. Many researches have been carried out by different hemipteran families by local and overseas experts.[4][5][6][7]

In 2009, M. Prashanthini and M. Vinobaba of Eastern University of Sri Lanka carried out experiments on mealybugs and identified 38 species of mealybugs from Sri Lanka with new exotic species.[8][9][10][11] Un updated systematic catalogue of cicadas of South Asia have been published in 2016. According to that, 22 species of cicadas were recorded from Sri Lanka.[12] Chopra and Rustagi in 2012 published the characters of the subfamily Chauliopinae from India and Sri Lanka.[13]

In 2012, B. Vasantharaj David compiled the checklist and diversity of whiteflies of Sri Lanka with new records of seven species and new Pealius species from Sri Lanka.[14] Fourteen species belonging to eight genera of soft scales were identified with two introduced species from Sri Lanka.[15] The provisional checklist of the Leafhoppers in Sri Lanka have been compiled by Dr. Rajendramani Gnaneswaran of the Department of Zoology, University of Jaffna. With her revision, 257 leafhopper species belonging to 120 genera have been identified from Sri Lanka.[16]


Family: Achilidae - achilid planthoppers



Family: Aclerdidae - aclerdid scales



Family: Adelgidae - spruce aphids



Family: Aleyrodidae - whiteflies



Family: Alydidae - broad-headed bugs



Family: Aphalaridae



Family: Aphididae


Main article: List of aphids of Sri Lanka

Family: Aphrophoridae - spittlebugs



Family: Aradidae - flat bugs



Family: Asterolecaniidae - pit scales



Family: Belostomatidae - giant water bugs



Family: Berytidae - stilt bugs



Family: Caliscelidae - piglet bugs



Family: Calophyidae



Family: Carsidaridae



Family: Cercopidae - froghoppers



Family: Cerococcidae - ornate pit scales



Family: Cicadellidae - leafhoppers



Family: Cixiidae - cixiid planthoppers



Family: Coccidae - soft scales



Family: Conchaspididae - false armored scales



Family: Coreidae - squash bugs



Family: Corixidae - water boatmen



Family: Cydnidae - burrowing bugs



Family: Cymidae



Family: Dactylopiidae - cochineals



Family: Delphacidae - delphacid planthoppers



Family: Derbidae - derbid planthoppers



Family: Diaspididae - armored scale insects



Family: Dictyopharidae - dictyopharid planthoppers



Family: Dinidoridae



Family: Eriococcidae - felt scales



Family: Eurybrachidae



Family: Flatidae - flatid planthoppers



Family: Fulgoridae - lanternflies



Family: Geocoridae - big-eyed bugs



Family: Gerridae - water striders



Family: Halimococcidae - pupillarial palm scales



Family: Issidae - issid planthoppers



Family: Kerriidae - lac insects



Family: Kinnaridae - kinnarid planthoppers



Family: Largidae - bordered plant bugs



Family: Lecanodiaspididae - false pit scales



Family: Liviidae



Family: Lophopidae



Family: Lygaeidae - milkweed bugs



Family: Machaerotidae - tube spittlebugs



Family: Malcidae



Family: Meenoplidae



Family: Membracidae - typical treehoppers



Family: Miridae - plant bugs



Family: Monophlebidae - giant scales



Family: Naucoridae - creeping water bugs



Family: Nepidae - waterscorpions



Family: Ochteridae - velvety shore bugs



Family: Ortheziidae - ensign scales



Family: Oxycarenidae



Family: Pachygronthidae



Family: Pentatomidae - stink bugs



Family: Plataspidae



Family: Pseudococcidae - mealybugs



Family: Psyllidae - jumping plant lice



Family: Pyrrhocoridae - cotton stainers



Family: Rhyparochromidae - seed bugs



Family: Saldidae - shore bugs



Family: Scutelleridae - jewel bugs



Family: Tettigometridae



Family: Tingidae - lace bugs



Family: Triozidae - jumping plant lice



Family: Tropiduchidae



Family: Ulopidae



References


  1. Jon Martin; Mick Webb. "Hemiptera...It's a Bug's Life" (PDF). Natural History Museum. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
  2. Gullan, Penny; Kosztarab, Michael (1997). "Adaptations in scale insects". Annual Review of Entomology. 42: 23–50. doi:10.1146/annurev.ento.42.1.23. PMID 15012306.
  3. Bambaradeniya, Channa N. B. (2006). The Fauna of Sri Lanka: Status of Taxonomy, Research, and Conservation. IUCN. ISBN 9789558177518. Retrieved 23 January 2016.
  4. "Diaphorocoris punctatissimus (Kirby)". plazi.org. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  5. Heiss, E; Baňař, P (2013). "New apterous Carventinae from Sri Lanka and Southern India (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Aradidae)". Zootaxa. 3647 (3): 488–94. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3647.3.6. PMID 26295121.
  6. "Distribution and Host Range of Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) in Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka". repository.kln.ac.lk. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  7. "Identification of Rastrococcus rubellus Williams (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) on mango: a new record to Sri Lanka". cabdirect.org. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  8. "First record of new exotic Mealybug species, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley, 1898 (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), its Host range and abundance in the Eastern Sri Lanka" (PDF). Eastern University of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  9. "Occurrence, distribution and control of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), an invasive alien pest in Sri Lanka" (PDF). Eastern University of Sri Lanka. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  10. "Mealybugs (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) species on economically important fruit crops in Sri Lanka". Research Gate. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  11. Sirisena, U.G.A.I.; Watson, G.W.; Hemachandra, K.S.; Wijayagunasekara, H.N.P. (2015). "Mealybugs species on economically important fruit crops in Sri Lanka". Tropical Agricultural Research. 25: 69. doi:10.4038/tar.v25i1.8031.
  12. Price, BW; Allan, EL; Marathe, K; Sarkar, V; Simon, C; Kunte, K (2016). "The cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Myanmar, Nepal and Sri Lanka: an annotated provisional catalogue, regional checklist and bibliography". Biodivers Data J. 4 (4): e8051. doi:10.3897/BDJ.4.e8051. PMC 5018104. PMID 27660527.
  13. Chopra, N.P.; Rustagi, K.B. (1982). "The subfamily Chauliopinae of India and Sri Lanka (Hemiptera : Malcidae)". Oriental Insects. 16: 19–28. doi:10.1080/00305316.1982.10434324.
  14. David, B. Vasantharaj; Kumar Dubey, Anil (2008). "Aleyrodid (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) fauna of Sri Lanka with description of a new species". Oriental Insects. 42: 349–358. doi:10.1080/00305316.2008.10417560. S2CID 84970994.
  15. Sirisena, U. G. A. I; Watson, G. W; Hemachandra, K. S; Wijayagunasekara, H. N. P (2016). "Diversity of Soft Scale Insects (Hemiptera, Sternorrhyncha, Coccoidea) in Sri Lanka". Arthropod Diversity and Conservation in the Tropics and Sub-tropics. link.springer.com. pp. 285–295. doi:10.1007/978-981-10-1518-2_17. ISBN 978-981-10-1517-5.
  16. "Provisional Checklist of the Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) in Sri Lanka". Retrieved 1 November 2017.


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