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This page gives a list of domesticated animals,[1] also including a list of animals which are or may be currently undergoing the process of domestication and animals that have an extensive relationship with humans beyond simple predation. This includes species which are semi-domesticated, undomesticated but captive-bred on a commercial scale, or commonly wild-caught, at least occasionally captive-bred, and tameable. In order to be considered fully domesticated, most species have undergone significant genetic, behavioural and morphological changes from their wild ancestors, while others have changed very little from their wild ancestors despite hundreds or thousands of years of potential selective breeding. A number of factors determine how quickly any changes may occur in a species, but there is not always a desire to improve a species from its wild form. Domestication is a gradual process, so there is no precise moment in the history of a given species when it can be considered to have become fully domesticated.

Zooarchaeology has identified three classes of animal domesticates:

  1. Pets (dogs, cats, hamsters, etc.)
  2. Livestock (cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.)
  3. Beasts of burden (horses, camels, donkeys, etc.)[2]

Domesticated animals


Species and subspecies Wild ancestor Date Location of origin Purposes Image Degree and type of domestication Extent in the wild vs. captivity Taxon group
Domestic dog (Canis familiaris)[3] Extinct Pleistocene population of the grey wolf (Canis lupus ssp.)[4] 13,000 BCE[5][6] China,[7][8][9]

Europe[6]

 meat, leather, fiber, hunting, herding, guarding, fighting, racing, working, rescuing, guiding, policing, draft, pack, sport, service, therapy, narcotics detection, truffle harvesting, pest control, research, education, show, pets Tame (with exceptions),[10] significant physical changes, probably significant behavioral changes as well Domestic and feral dogs both very common,[10] ancestor or nearest wild relative less common, but not rare 1c Carnivora
Domestic goat (Capra hircus) Bezoar ibex (Capra aegagrus aegagrus) 10,000 BCE[11][12][13] Iran milk, meat, fiber, skin, horns, vellum, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, clearing land, show, pets Slight physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in the wild, feral populations common 1b Bovidae
Domestic pig (Sus domesticus) Anatolian boar (Sus scrofa libycus),[14] Northern Chinese boar (Sus scrofa moupinensis)[15] 9000 BCE[16][17][18][19] China, Western Asia meat, leather, tusks, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, truffle harvesting, weed control, research, show, pets Some physical changes Common in the wild, much more common in captivity, feral populations common in some areas 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Domestic sheep (Ovis aries)[3] Blackbelly sheep,[20] possibly the Armenian mouflon (Ovis gmelini gmelini) 9000 BCE to 8500 BCE[21][22] Anatolia, Iran meat, milk, fiber, leather, hides, pelts, horns, vellum, manure, guarding, fighting, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, ornamental, show, pets Some physical changes Common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae
European cattle or taurine cattle (Bos taurus)[3][23][24] Eurasian aurochs (Bos primigenius primigenius)† 8000 BCE[25][26] China,[27] Western Asia meat, milk, leather, hides, fiber, horns, vellum, blood, dung, working, plowing, guarding, fighting, racing, draft, mount, soil fertilization, lawn mowing, weed control, worship, show, pets Some physical changes Very common in captivity, wild relatives extinct, feral populations fairly common 1b Bovidae
Zebu, Brahman cattle, indicine cattle or humped cattle (Bos indicus)[3] Indian aurochs (Bos primigenius namadicus)† 8000 BCE India meat, milk, leather, hides, horns, vellum, blood, dung, working, plowing, fighting, racing, draft, soil fertilization, lawn mowing, show, pets Considerable physical changes Common in captivity, wild relatives extinct 1b Bovidae
Domestic cat or house cat (Felis catus)[3] North African wildcat (Felis lybica lybica)[28] 8000–7500 BCE[28] the Near East meat, pelts, pest control, research, show, pets Tame, some physical changes Very abundant in captivity; true wildcat species less abundant, though not rare, feral populations very common 1c Carnivora
Domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) Indian red junglefowl (Gallus gallus murghi) with some contribution from the grey junglefowl (Gallus sonneratii) 6000 BCE[29] India and Southeast Asia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, manure, guarding, alarming, fighting, racing, pest control, weed control, ornamental, show, pets Some physical changes, considerable reproductive changes Very common in the wild and in captivity 2b Galliformes
Guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) Montane guinea pig (Cavia tschudii) 5000 BCE Peru meat, manure, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, show, pets Tame, slight physical changes Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 1d Rodentia
Domestic donkey, domestic ass or burro (Equus asinus) African wild ass (Equus africanus), including subspecies Nubian (E. a. africanus) and Somali wild ass (E. a. somaliensis)[30] 5000 BCE[31][32] Nubia meat, milk, manure, working, plowing, guarding, racing, draft, pack, mount, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity and as feral populations, wild relatives critically endangered 1e Other mammals
Domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) Common mallard (Anas platyrhynchos platyrhynchos) 4000 BCE China meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, weed control, ornamental, show, pets Considerable physical changes Common in captivity, but more abundant in the wild 2a Anseriformes
Domestic water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)[3] Wild water buffalo (Bubalus arnee) 4000 BCE India, China, the Philippines meat, milk, horns, dung, working, plowing, fighting, racing, draft, mount, lawn mowing, show Mainly unchanged from the wild animal Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae
Dromedary or Arabian camel (Camelus dromedarius)[33] 4000 BCE Arabia, the Horn of Africa meat, milk, urine, racing, hunting, pack, mount, show, pets Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, small feral population in original range, significant feral population in Australia, truly wild dromedaries may be extinct 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Western honey bee (Apis mellifera) including subspecies German (A. m. mellifera), Italian (A. m. ligustica), Carniolan (A. m. carnica), Caucasian (A. m. caucasia), Greek (A. m. cecropia), Saharan (A. m. sahariensis) and Egyptian honey bees (A. m. lamarckii) - 4000 BCE (the modern era for A. m. mellifera, the 1880s for A. m. ligustica, uncertain for A. m. carnica, A. m. caucasia, A. m. cecropia, A. m. sahariensis and A. m. lamarckii) Europe (including Germany, Italy, Greece, Slovenia and the United Kingdom), Georgia, North Africa honey, wax, propolis, bee brood, royal jelly, venom, pollen, pollination, research Some physical and behavioral changes, actual domestication status is still a point of contention[34] Very common in captivity, feral populations common, extent of status in the wild unclear; see Western honey bee for details 6a Hymenoptera
Domestic horse (Equus caballus) Extinct unknown population of the wild horse (Equus ferus), possibly the tarpan or European wild horse (E. f. ferus)†[35] 3500 BCE[36] Kazakhstan milk, meat, hair, manure, working, plowing, fighting, racing, servicing, guiding, draft, pack, mount, execution, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets Tame, some physical changes, mainly in colouration Common in captivity, very rare in the wild, feral populations common 1e Other mammals
Domestic silkmoth (Bombyx mori) Wild silkmoth (Bombyx mandarina) 3000 BCE China silk, animal feed, pets Tame/held in captivity, some physical changes Fairly common in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear 6b Other insects
Domestic pigeon (Columba livia domestica) Rock dove (Columba livia) 3000 BCE the Mediterranean Basin meat, manure, racing, messenger, ornamental, show, pets Artificially selected and bred into many varieties including meat breeds, racing/messenger breeds and fancy plumage breeds Relatively common in captivity, very common in the wild, feral populations extremely abundant 2c Columbiformes
Domestic goose and domestic swan goose (Anser anser domesticus and Anser cygnoides domesticus) Greylag goose (Anser anser) and swan goose (A. cygnoides) 3000 BCE for A. anser, date uncertain for A. cygnoides[37] Egypt (A. anser), China (A. cygnoides) meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, alarming, pest control, weed control, show, pets Considerable physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Domestic yak (Bos grunniens)[3] Wild yak (Bos mutus) 2500 BCE Tibet, Nepal meat, milk, fiber, horns, dung, working, plowing, guarding, fighting, racing, pack, mount, show, pets Tame, slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae
Domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus) Wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) 2500 BCE Central Asia (Afghanistan) meat, milk, hair, dung, pack, mount, show, pets Tame, few physical changes Moderately common in captivity, critically endangered in the wild 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Llama (Lama glama)[3] Guanaco (Lama guanicoe cacsilensis)[38] 2400 BCE[39] Peru, Bolivia meat, fiber, manure, working, guarding, racing, draft, pack, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets Slight physical changes Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Alpaca (Lama pacos)[3] Vicuña (Lama vicugna mensalis)[38] 2400 BCE[39] Peru, Bolivia meat, milk, fiber, manure, guarding, lawn mowing, weed control, show, pets Considerable physical changes Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Domestic guineafowl (Numida meleagris domesticus) West African helmeted guineafowl (Numida meleagris galeatus) 2400 BCE[40] West Africa meat, eggs, manure, guarding, alarming, pest control, show, pets Mainly unaltered from the wild population Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 2b Galliformes
Fuegian dog or Yaghan dog (Lycalopex culpaeus)† Culpeo or Andean fox (Lycalopex culpaeus) date uncertain[41] Argentina, Chile hunting, guarding, warmth, pets Tame, slight physical changes Extinct in captivity, but common in the wild 1c Carnivora
Domestic ferret (Mustela furo) European polecat (Mustela putorius) 1500 BCE[42] North Africa hunting, racing, pest control, show, pets Tame, slight physical changes Common in captivity, somewhat common in the wild, feral populations rare 1c Carnivora
Domestic Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata domestica) Wild Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata sylvestris) 700–600 BCE[39] South America meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, show, pets Tame, some physical changes Common in captivity, feral populations rare 2a Anseriformes
Barbary dove or ringed turtle dove (Streptopelia risoria) African collared dove (Streptopelia roseogrisea) 500 BCE North Africa meat, show, pets Slight physical changes Common in both captivity and feral populations 2c Columbiformes
Bali cattle (Bos domesticus) Javan banteng (Bos javanicus javanicus) date uncertain Bali, Indonesia meat, milk, horns, dung, working, plowing, draft, show Slight physical changes Common in captivity, endangered in the wild 1b Bovidae
Gayal (Bos frontalis)[3] Gaur (Bos gaurus) date uncertain Southeast Asia, Northeast India meat, milk, horns, dung Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity, threatened in the wild 1b Bovidae
Domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo domesticus) South Mexican wild turkey (Meleagris gallopavo gallopavo) 180 CE[39] Mexico meat, eggs, feathers, manure, guarding, pest control, show, pets Considerable physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 2b Galliformes
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio) 300 CE to 400 CE China racing, pest control, ornamental, show, pets Tame/held in captivity, significant physical changes Very common and abundant in captivity, extent of status in the wild unclear 5a Cyprinidae
Domestic rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus domesticus) Iberian rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus algirus)[43] 600 CE[44] Europe meat, fiber, pelts, manure, racing, lawn mowing, weed control, research, show, pets Tame, significant physical changes Common in captivity, rare in native habitat, common in introduced range 1e Other mammals
Koi (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) Amur carp (Cyprinus rubrofuscus) the 11th century CE Japan ornamental, show, pets Tame/held in captivity, considerable physical changes Fairly common in captivity, threatened in the wild 5a Cyprinidae
Domestic canary (Serinus canaria domestica) Wild canary (Serinus canaria canaria) the 15th century CE the Canary Islands, Europe coal mining, fighting, research, show, pets Slight physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Society finch or Bengalese finch (Lonchura striata domestica) White-rumped munia or striated finch (Lonchura striata swinhoei) with some contribution from the Indian silverbill or white-throated munia (Euodice malabarica) unknown, may have been introduced to Japan sometime around the early 18th century CE[45] Japan pets, show, research Slight physical changes Fairly common in captivity; common in the wild 2d Passeriformes
Fancy mouse a.k.a. laboratory mouse (Mus musculus domestica) Western European house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) 1100 BCE (China), then the 17th century CE (Europe)[46] China animal feed, racing, research, show, pets Tame, significant physical changes Common in the wild and in captivity 1d Rodentia
Fancy rat a.k.a. laboratory rat (Rattus norvegicus domestica) Brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) the 19th century CE[47] the United Kingdom animal feed, research, show, pets Tame, some physical and psychological changes Common in the wild and in captivity 1d Rodentia
Domestic mink (Neogale vison domesticus)[48] American mink (Neogale vison) the 19th century CE North America fur, hunting, pest control, pets
Some physical and psychological changes Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 1c Carnivora
Domesticated silver fox (Vulpes vulpes amicus) American red fox (Vulpes vulpes fulva)[49][50][51] the 1800s and the 1950s Prince Edward Island introduced to the Soviet Union, Russia fur, pelts, research, pets Tame, some physical changes Very small domestic population, wild relatives fairly common 1c Carnivora
Domesticated hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris, A. algirus, Hemiechinus auritus and H. collaris) Four-toed (Atelerix albiventris), Algerian (A. algirus), long-eared (Hemiechinus auritus), and Indian long-eared hedgehog (H. collaris) the 1980s Central and Eastern Africa pets Slight physical changes Common in the wild, somewhat rare in captivity 1e Other mammals

Tame and partially domesticated animals


Due to the somewhat unclear outlines of what precisely constitutes domestication, there are some species that may or may not be fully domesticated. There are also some species that are extensively used or kept as pets by humans, but are not significantly altered from wild-type animals. Most animals on this second table are at least somewhat altered from wild-type animals due to their extensive interactions with humans, albeit not to the point that they are regarded as distinct forms (therefore, no separate wild ancestors are noted). Many of them could not be released into the wild, or are in some way dependent on humans.

Species and subspecies Wild ancestorDateLocation of originPurposeImageDegree and type of domesticationExtent in the wild vs. captivityTaxon group
Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) including subspecies Sri Lankan (E. m. maximus), Indian (E. m. indicus), Sumatran (E. m. sumatranus), Bornean (E. m. borneensis) and formerly Syrian elephants (E. m. asurus)†[52][53][54] - 2000 BCE (uncertain for E. m. maximus, E. m. sumatranus, E. m. borneensis and E. m. asurus)† India, Sri Lanka, Sumatra, Nepal, Borneo, China, Indochina, formerly Iran dung, working, hunting, fighting, racing, transportation, mount, patrol, worship, show Semi-domesticated (captured from the wild and tamed) Syrian subspecies extinct in the wild and in captivity; other subspecies somewhat common in captivity, but endangered in the wild[55][56] 1e Other mammals
Domestic reindeer (Rangifer tarandus domesticus) - 3000 BCE Fennoscandia, Western Russia (possibly Eastern Russia),[57]
China, Mongolia		 meat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, transportation, mount, pets Semi-domesticated 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Gemsbok (Oryx gazella)[58] - date uncertain Southern Africa meat, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Arabian ostrich or Syrian ostrich (Struthio camelus syriacus)†[59] - date uncertain Mesopotamia meat, eggs, feathers, sacrifices Extinct in the wild and in captivity 2f Palaeognathae
Arabian oryx (Oryx leucoryx) - date uncertain the Middle East, Egypt meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas)[60] - date uncertain Egypt meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Nubian ibex (Capra nubiana)[61] - date uncertain Egypt meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Scimitar-horned oryx (Oryx dammah) - 2320–2150 BCE Egypt meat, hides, horns, sacrifices Held/tame in captivity Small captive population, but nearly extinct in the wild 1b Bovidae
Serval (Leptailurus serval)[62] - date uncertain Egypt pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Caracal (Caracal caracal)[63] - date uncertain Egypt, India, Southern Africa hunting, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) including subspecies Southeast African (A. j. jubatus), Northeast African (A. j. soemmeringii) and Asiatic cheetahs (A. j. venaticus)[64][65] - date uncertain Egypt, India, the Middle East, South Africa hunting, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Bubal hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus)† - date uncertain Egypt meat, hides, horns, sacrifices Extinct in the wild and in captivity 1b Bovidae
Wood duck (Aix sponsa) - date uncertain North America meat, pest control, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Mandarin duck (Aix galericulata) - pre-modern China (date uncertain) China pest control, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Egyptian goose (Alopochen aegyptiacus) - date uncertain Egypt meat, eggs, feathers, guarding, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity Common in the wild and in captivity, feral populations very common 2a Anseriformes
Bar-headed goose (Anser indicus) - date uncertain Central Asia, South Asia meat, eggs, feathers, guarding, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity Common in the wild and in captivity, feral populations somewhat common 2a Anseriformes
Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon) - ancient Egypt (date uncertain) Egypt pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)[citation needed] - 5000 BCE China pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Common (Genetta genetta)[66] and Cape genets (G. tigrina) - date uncertain Africa pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Eastern honey bee (Apis cerana) including subspecies Chinese (A. c. cerana), Indian (A. c. indica) and Japanese honey bees (A. c. japonica) - date uncertain South Asia, Thailand, Japan, China honey, wax, pollination Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera
Common fallow (Dama dama) and Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)[67] - 1000 BCE the Mediterranean Basin, the Levant meat, hides, antlers, pets Semi-domesticated 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
European medicinal leech (Hirudo medicinalis)[68][69] - 800 BCE Europe, Asia bloodletting, surgery, therapy, research, saliva, pets Captive-bred 7b Annelida
Cochineal (Dactylopius coccus) - 700–500 BCE[39] Chile, Peru, Mexico dye Held/tame in captivity Very common in the wild 6b Other insects
Indian (Pavo cristatus) and green peafowl (P. muticus) - 500 BCE (uncertain for P. muticus) India, Java meat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity Fairly common in the wild 2b Galliformes
Common hill myna (Gracula religiosa) - kept in ancient Greece, date of captive breeding uncertain Greece pets, talking bird Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Rose-ringed parakeet (Psittacula krameri) including subspecies African (P. k. krameri) and Indian rose-ringed parakeets (P. k. manillensis) - classical antiquity (date uncertain) West Africa, India pets, talking bird Held/tame in captivity, plumage colour changes 2e Psittaciformes
Red deer (Cervus elaphus)[70][71] including subspecies Caspian (C. e. maral), Norwegian (C. e. atlanticus) and Scottish red deer (C. e. scoticus) - ~0 CE China, Russia, Europe (including the United Kingdom), Iran meat, milk, leather, hides, antlers, velvet, pets Captive-bred 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Roman (Helix pomatia) and Turkish snails (H. lucorum) - 100 CE (uncertain for H. lucorum) Europe meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca
Stingless bees (Melipona beecheii), (M. scutellaris), (M. bicolor), (M. quadrifasciata) and (M. subnitida) - 180 CE Mexico, the Amazon Basin honey, wax, propolis, pollination, pets Semi-domesticated 6a Hymenoptera
White cockatoo (Cacatua alba) - the Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) China, Indonesia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Sulphur-crested cockatoo (Cacatua galerita) including subspecies Triton (C. g. triton) and Eleonora cockatoos (C. g. eleonora) - date uncertain Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Great (Phalacrocorax carbo) and Japanese cormorants (P. capillatus) - 960 CE China, Japan fishing Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Little Egret (Egretta garzetta) - date uncertain Eurasia Flies and Ticks control Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Neotropic cormorant (Nannopterum brasilianus) - date uncertain Peru fishing Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Mute swan (Cygnus olor) - 1000-1500 CE Europe (including the United Kingdom) meat, feathers, ornamental, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2a Anseriformes
House cricket (Acheta domesticus) - the 12th century CE Southwestern Asia, China, Japan meat, animal feed, fighting, pets Held in captivity Somewhat common in captivity, very common in the wild 6b Other insects
Common (Coturnix coturnix) and Japanese quails (C. japonica) - 1100–1900 CE Eurasia, Japan meat, eggs, research, pets Domesticated in captivity 2b Galliformes
Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) - 1200–1500 CE Europe, Asia meat, eggs, pets Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Java sparrow (Lonchura oryzivora) - the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE) China pets Non-wild coloration pied and fancy colored Java sparrows from long Asian captivity lines are hand tamable Threatened in the wild 2d Passeriformes
Siamese fighting fish or betta (Betta splendens); slim (B. bellica), Toba (B. rubra), spotted (B. picta), Penang (B. pugnax), peaceful (B. imbellis), emerald green (B. smaragdina), spotfin (B. macrostoma), and Howong bettas (B. unimaculata) - the 19th century CE (uncertain for B. bellica, B. rubra, B. picta, B. pugnax, B. imbellis, B. smaragdina, B. macrostoma and B. unimaculata) Thailand, Malaysia, Borneo fighting, show, pets Held/tame in captivity, very significant physical and slight behavioral changes Common in captivity 5b Other fish
Northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) including subspecies masked bobwhite (C. v. ridgwayi) - date uncertain the United States, Sonora meat, eggs, feathers, pets Captive-bred, plumage changes 2b Galliformes
European goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) - date uncertain Europe pets, singing Captive-bred 2d Passeriformes
Red-billed leiothrix (Leiothrix lutea) - date uncertain China, Japan pets, singing Captive-bred 2d Passeriformes
Indian grey mongoose (Urva edwardsii) - date uncertain India pest control, fighting, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Gambian pouched (Cricetomys gambianus), southern giant pouched (C. ansorgei), and Emin's pouched rats (C. emini) - at least 1997,[72] but possibly the early 1990s (uncertain for C. emini and C. ansorgei) Sub-Saharan Africa meat, landmine detection, tuberculosis detection, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Black (Francolinus francolinus) and grey francolins (F. pondicerianus) - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, fighting, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Golden (Chrysolophus pictus) and Lady Amherst's pheasants (C. amherstiae) - date uncertain China ornamental, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Common (Phasianus colchicus) and green pheasants (P. versicolor) - date uncertain Asia, Japan meat, eggs, ornamental, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Sika deer (Cervus nippon)[73] - date uncertain China, Taiwan, Japan meat, hides, antlers, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Common eland (Taurotragus oryx) including subspecies East African (T. o. pattersonianus) and Livingstone's elands (T. o. livingstonii) - date uncertain Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya meat, milk, leather, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)[74] - date uncertain the southeastern United States meat, hides, teeth, blood, pets Captive-bred Once uncommon in the wild; captive breeding has led to the species both recovering across and repopulating much of its range. 3d Other reptiles
Eurasian elk or moose (Alces alces)[75] including subspecies Alaskan moose (A. a. gigas) - date uncertain Russia, Finland, Sweden, Alaska meat, milk, hides, antlers, working, draft, mount, transportation, research, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Masai ostrich (Struthio camelus massaicus) - date uncertain North Africa, West Africa, East Africa meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae
South African ostrich (Struthio camelus australis) - the 19th century CE Southern Africa meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, mount, racing, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae
Somali ostrich (Struthio molybdophanes) - date uncertain Kenya meat, eggs, feathers, mount, racing, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae
Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) - the 1850s Australia pets, show, talking bird Plumage changes, some breeds are physically larger Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) - the 1870s Australia pets, show, talking bird Held/tame in captivity, plumage colour/pattern changes Common in the wild and in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Tian Shan wapiti (Cervus canadensis songaricus) - date uncertain Russia, China meat, leather, hides, antlers, velvet, pets Captive-bred 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
European mink (Mustela lutreola) - the 1800s Europe, Russia fur Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Coypu or nutria (Myocastor coypus) - the late 19th to the early 20th century CE Argentina meat, fur, aquatic weed control, pets Captive-bred 1d Rodentia
Guppy (Poecilia reticulata);[76] Cauca (P. caucana), sailfin (P. latipinna), shortfin (P. mexicana), liberty (P. salvatoris), common (P. sphenops), and Yucatan mollies (P. velifera); Endler's livebearer (P. wingei) - date uncertain Barbados, Brazil, El Salvador, Guyana, Mexico, Venezuela bait, pest control, research, pets Held/tame in captivity 5b Other fish
Lesser fruit fly, vinegar fly or pomace fly (Drosophila melanogaster) - the 1910s Australia, South Africa research, animal feed Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Chinese hamster (Cricetulus griseus) - the 1920s China research, biotechnology, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Rosy-faced (Agapornis roseicollis), yellow-collared (A. personatus), Fischer's (A. fischeri), black-cheeked (A. nigrigenis), black-winged (A. taranta), and red-headed lovebirds (A. pullarius) - the 1920s (uncertain for A. personatus, A. fischeri, A. nigrigenis, A. taranta and A. pullarius) Africa, Madagascar pets Held/tame in captivity, plumage colour/pattern changes in rosy-faced lovebird 2e Psittaciformes
Rainbowfishes (Melanotaeniidae; various species and subspecies) - the 1920s northern and eastern Australia, New Guinea, islands in Cenderawasih Bay and the Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 5b Other fish
Golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) - the 1930s Syria, Turkey pets, research Domesticated 1d Rodentia
Turkish hamster (Mesocricetus brandti) - the 20th century CE Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Iran, Russia, Turkey pets, research Domesticated 1d Rodentia
Long-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) - the 1930s the Andes fur, research, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Short-tailed chinchilla (Chinchilla chinchilla) - the 1930s the Andes fur Raised in captivity Critically endangered in the wild 1d Rodentia
Water flea (Daphnia magna) - the 1930s North America, Eurasia, Africa research, animal feed Held/tame in captivity 6c Other arthropods
African (Xenopus laevis) and western clawed frogs (X. tropicalis) - the 1950s (uncertain for X. tropicalis) Southern Africa, West Africa research, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura
Sea-monkey (Artemia nyos) - the 1950s the United States pets, research Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
Ball (Python regius), Borneo (P. breitensteini), Sumatran short-tailed (P. curtus) and Brongersma's short-tailed pythons (P. brongersmai) - the 1960s (uncertain for P. breitensteini, P. curtus and P. brongersmai) Africa, Sumatra, Borneo, Malaysia pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Burmese python (Python bivittatus) including subspecies dwarf Burmese python (P. b. progschai)[77][78] - date uncertain Myanmar, Thailand, Bali, Java, Sulawesi meat, skins, medicine, pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Campbell's dwarf (Phodopus campbelli), winter white dwarf (P. sungorus) and Roborovski dwarf hamsters (P. roborovskii) - the 1960s Mongolia, Russia, China pets, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum); tiger (A. tigrinum) and barred tiger salamanders (A. mavortium) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for A. tigrinum and A. mavortium) Mexico, the United States research, pets Slight physical changes A. mexicanum Critically endangered in the wild; A. tigrinum and A. mavortium less threatened 4b Other amphibians
Palm cockatoo (Probosciger aterrimus) - date uncertain Australia, Papua New Guinea pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Common leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius) including subspecies Afghan leopard gecko (E. m. afghanicus) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for E. m. afghanicus) Pakistan, Afghanistan pets Slight physical modification Somewhat common in captivity 3b Lacertilia
American bison (Bison bison) including subspecies wood bison (B. b. athabascae) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for B. b. athabascae) North America meat, leather, hides, fiber, horns, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 1b Bovidae
Companion parrots (Psittaciformes; various species and subspecies)[79][80] - the 1980s and 1990s Australia, Africa, Asia, North America, Central America, South America, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji pets, show, talking bird, ornamental, guarding, education, therapy Held/tame in captivity, plumage colour changes in some species (e.g. grey parrot, turquoise-fronted amazon, green-cheeked parakeet and others) 2e Psittaciformes
Turqoise (Neophema pulchella), blue-winged (N. chrysostoma), and scarlet-chested parrots (N. splendida) - the 20th century CE (uncertain for N. chrysostoma and N. splendida) Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Green and black (Dendrobates auratus) and yellow-banded poison dart frogs (D. leucomelas) - the mid- to late 20th century CE Guyana, Suriname, Brazil, French Guiana, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Venezuela pets Slight physical changes; loss of toxicity 4a Anura
Common kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula) including subspecies eastern (L. g. getula), California (L. g. californiae), Florida (L. g. floridana), Mexican black (L. g. nigrita), and Brooks' kingsnakes (L. g. brooksi) - date uncertain Arizona, Florida, Mexico, California pets Held/tame in captivity 3a Serpentes
Grey-banded kingsnake (Lampropeltis alterna) - date uncertain Mexico, Guatemala, Arizona, Texas, California pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 3a Serpentes
Thayer's kingsnake (Lampropeltis mexicana thayeri) - date uncertain Mexico pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Milk snake or house snake (Lampropeltis triangulum) including subspecies eastern (L. t. triangulum), Andean (L. t. andesiana), Mexican (L. t. annulata), Pueblan (L. t. campbelli), black (L. t. gaigeae), Honduran (L. t. hondurensis), Nelson's (L. t. nelsoni), and Sinaloan milk snakes (L. t. sinaloae) - date uncertain Guatemala, Mexico, Honduras, Colombia, Puebla, Panama, Sonora, Florida, Iowa, Alabama, Indiana, Tennessee pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Corn (Pantherophis gutttatus), western rat (P. obsoletus), and grey rat snakes (P. spiloides) - the 1960s (uncertain for P. obsoletus and P. spiloides) the United States pets Slight physical changes Somewhat common in captivity, common in the wild 3a Serpentes
Madagascar hissing (Gromphadorhina portentosa) and wide-horned hissing cockroaches (G. oblongonota) - the 1960s (uncertain for G. oblongonota) Madagascar pets Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Central bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) and related species - the 1970s Australia pets Slight physical changes 3b Lacertilia
Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)[81] - the 1970s China meat, algae control Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) - the 1980s Australia, Indonesia, New Guinea, the Solomon Islands pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Salmon-crested (Cacatua moluccensis), blue-eyed (C. ophthalmica), and Red-vented cockatoos (C. haematuropygia); long-billed (C. tenuirostris), western (C. pastinator), little (C. sanguinea) and Tanimbar corellas (C. goffiniana) - the 1980s (uncertain for C. ophthalmica, C. haematuropygia, C. tenuirostris, C. pastinator, C. sanguinea and C. goffiniana) the Maluku Islands, Papua New Guinea, Australia, the Tanimbar Islands, the Philippines, the Solomon Islands pets, show, talking bird Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Yellow-bellied glider (Petaurus australis) - date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Sugar glider (Petaurus breviceps)[82] - the 1980s Australia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Rankin's dragon (Pogona henrylawsoni) - the 1980s Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 3b Lacertilia
Buff-tailed (Bombus terrestris) and common eastern bumblebees (B. impatiens) - the 1980s (uncertain for B. impatiens) Europe (including the United Kingdom), North America wax, pollination Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera
Greater (Rhea americana) and Darwin's rheas (R. pennata)[83] - the 1990s (uncertain for R. pennata) South America meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae
Australian emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae novaehollandiae) - the 1990s Australia meat, eggs, feathers, leather, oil, guarding, pets Semi-domesticated 2f Palaeognathae
Giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus) - date uncertain West Africa meat, milk, leather, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Common beisa (Oryx beisa beisa)[84] and fringe-eared oryxes (O. b. callotis) - date uncertain Kenya meat, leather, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Common degu (Octodon degus) - the 1990s the Chilean Andes pets, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus); Persian (M. persicus), Libyan (M. libycus), Shaw's (M. shawi), Tristram's (M. tristrami) and Sundevall's jirds (M. crassus) - the 1990s (uncertain for M. persicus, M. libycus, M. shawi, M. tristrami and M. crassus) Mongolia, Algeria, Iran, Libya, Turkey, Egypt pets, research Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Green (Iguana iguana) and Lesser Antillean iguanas (I. delicatissima) - the 1990s (uncertain for I. delicatissima) South America, the Lesser Antilles meat, leather, pets Captive-bred 3b Lacertilia
Carpet python (Morelia spilota) including subspecies diamond python (M. s. spilota); coastal (M. s. mcdowelli), inland (M. s. metcalfei), Darwin (M. s. variegata) and jungle carpet pythons (M. s. cheynei) - date uncertain Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Green tree (Morelia viridis), southwestern (M. imbricata), rough-scaled (M. carinata) and Bredl's pythons (M. bredli) - the mid-1990s (uncertain for M. carinata and M. bredli) Indonesia, Australia, New Guinea pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Red-tailed black (Calyptorhynchus banksii), yellow-tailed black (C. funereus) and glossy black cockatoos (C. lathami) - the late 1990s (uncertain for C. funereus and C. lathami) Australia pets, education Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Pin-tailed (Erythrura prasina), tricolored (E. tricolor), tawny-breasted (E. hyperythra), blue-faced (E. trichroa), red-eared (E. coloria), red-throated (E. psittacea) and Fiji parrotfinches (E. pealii) - date uncertain Malaysia, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Myanmar, Timor, Australia, the Philippines, New Caledonia, Fiji and Thailand pets Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Gouldian finch (Chloebia gouldiae) - the late 1990s Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Australian green (Ranoidea caerulea), orange-eyed (R. chloris), leaf green (R. phyllochroa), mountain stream (R. barringtonensis), magnificent (R. splendida), Blue Mountains (R. citropa) and dainty green tree frogs (R. gracilenta); growling grass frog (R. raniformis) - the late 20th century CE (uncertain for R. chloris, R. phyllochroa, R. barringtonensis, R. splendida, R. citropa, R. gracilenta and R. raniformis) Australia research, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura
Argentine (Ceratophrys ornata), Brazilian (C. aurita), Venezuelan (C. calcarata), Surinam (C. cornuta), Caatinga (C. joazeirensis), Pacific (C. stolzmanni) and Cranwell's horned frogs (C. cranwelli) - the late 20th century CE (uncertain for C. aurita, C. calcarata, C. cornuta, C. joazeirensis, C. stolzmanni and C. cranwelli) Argentina, Brazil, Venezuela, Suriname, Ecuador pets Captive-bred 4a Anura
Crucian (Carassius carassius), Japanese white crucian (C. cuvieri) and Prussian carp (C. gibelio); ginbuna (C. langdorfii)[85] - the 2000s (uncertain for C. cuvieri, C. gibelio and C. langdorfii) England, Russia, Japan meat, research, pets Domesticated 5a Cyprinidae
King quail (Synoicus chinensis) - date uncertain Asia, Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Small-billed tinamou (Crypturellus parvirostris) - date uncertain South America meat, eggs Held/tame in captivity 2f Palaeognathae
Red-winged tinamou (Rhynchotus rufescens)[86] - date uncertain South America meat, eggs Held/tame in captivity 2f Palaeognathae
Common (Corvus corax), white-necked (C. albicollis) and Australian ravens (C. coronoides); carrion (C. corone), hooded (C. cornix), American (C. brachyrhynchos), pied (C. albus) and house crows (C. splendens); rook (C. frugilegus)[87][88][89][90][91][92][93] - date uncertain Europe, Africa, India, Australia, North America pest control, research, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Southern ground (Bucorvus leadbeateri) and Abyssinian ground hornbills (B. abyssinicus) - date uncertain South Africa, Ethiopia pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Oriental darter (Anhinga melanogaster)[94] - date uncertain India fishing Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Southern (Chauna torquata) and northern screamers (C. chavaria) - date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Horned screamer (Anhima cornuta)[95] - date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2a Anseriformes
Red-legged seriema (Cariama cristata) - date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Black-legged seriema (Chunga burmeisteri) - date uncertain South America guarding Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Golden (Aquila chrysaetos),[96]eastern imperial (A. heliaca), Spanish imperial (A. adalberti), wedge-tailed (A. audax), steppe (A. nipalensis), tawny (A. rapax), Bonelli's (A. fasciata) and Verreaux's eagles (A. verreauxii); African hawk-eagle (A. spilogaster) - date uncertain Europe, North America, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Africa, Australia falconry, intercepting, pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Bald (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)[97][98] and white-tailed eagles (H. albicilla); African fish eagle (H. vocifer); white-bellied sea (H. leucogaster) and Steller's sea eagles (H. pelagicus) - date uncertain North America, Europe, Russia, Africa, Australia falconry, intercepting, pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Harris's hawk (Parabuteo unicinctus harrisi)[99] - date uncertain the United States falconry, pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Northern (Accipiter gentilis),[100] crested (A. trivirgatus) and African goshawks (A. tachiro); Cooper's (A. cooperii) and sharp-shinned hawks (A. striatus); Eurasian (A. nisus), Ovambo (A. ovampensis), collared (A. cirrocephalus), Japanese (A. gularis) and black sparrowhawks (A. melanoleucus); besra (A. virgatus); shikra (A. badius) - date uncertain Europe, Asia, Africa, North America falconry, pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Eurasian eagle-owl (Bubo bubo)[101] including subspecies Western Siberian (B. b. sibiricus), Eastern Siberian (B. b. yenisseensis) and Turkmenian eagle-owls (B. b. omissus) - date uncertain Europe, Russia, Turkmenistan pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Great horned owl (Bubo virginianus) including subspecies northern great horned owl (B. v. subarcticus) - date uncertain Canada pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Tawny owl (Strix aluco)[102] - date uncertain Europe (including the United Kingdom) pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Glossy ibis (Plegadis falcinellus) - date uncertain Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, the Atlantic and Caribbean regions of the Americas meat, eggs, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Puna ibis (Plegadis ridgwayi) - date uncertain Peru meat, eggs, pest control Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Wild boar (Sus scrofa)[103][104] including subspecies Indian wild boar (S. s. cristatus) - date uncertain Europe (including the United Kingdom), Thailand meat, leather, hides, tusks, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Celebes warty pig (Sus celebensis) - date uncertain Sulawesi meat, tusks, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Red-necked (Notamacropus rufogriseus),[105] tammar (N. eugenii) and Parma wallabies (N. parma) - the 2000s (uncertain for N. eugenii and N. parma) Tasmania, South Australia, Western Australia, New South Wales lawn mowing, research, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Red kangaroo (Osphranter rufus)[106] - date uncertain Australia meat, leather, tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other animals
Tiger (Dasyurus maculatus), eastern (D. viverrinus), western (D. geoffroii) and northern quolls (D. hallucatus)[107][108][109][110] - date uncertain Australia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata)[111] - date uncertain Bangladesh fishing, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Beech (Martes foina)[112][113] and yellow-throated martens (M. flavigula); sable (M. zibellina) - date uncertain Europe, Russia, India fur, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Fisher or Pennant's marten (Pekania pennanti) - date uncertain North America fur, pest control, research, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Least (Mustela nivalis), Siberian (M. sibirica)[114] and yellow-bellied weasels (M. kathiah); European polecat (M. putorius)[115][116] - date uncertain Europe, Russia, India pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Greater (Galictis vittata) and lesser grisons (G. cuja) - date uncertain South America hunting, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus) - date uncertain Argentina, Chile pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Common raccoon (Procyon lotor)[117] - date uncertain North America pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
South American (Nasua nasua)[118] and white-nosed coati (N. narica) - date uncertain South America, Costa Rica pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Ringtail (Bassariscus astutus) and cacomistle (B. sumichrasti)[119] - date uncertain North America, Central America pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Southern (Tamandua tetradactyla) and northern tamanduas (T. mexicana)[120][121] - date uncertain South America, Central America pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Lowland (Cuniculus paca) and mountain pacas (C. taczanowskii) - date uncertain Mexico, Argentina, Ecuador meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Malayan (Hystrix brachyura),[122]Sunda (H. javanica), Indian crested (H. indica), African crested (H. cristata), Cape (H. africaeaustralis) and Philippine porcupines (H. pumila) - date uncertain Vietnam, China, Indonesia, the Philippines, India, Africa meat, quills, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Chinese bamboo (Rhizomys sinensis) and large bamboo rats (R. sumatrensis) - date uncertain China meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Lesser bamboo rat (Cannomys badius)[123] - date uncertain China, Laos meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Desmarest's hutia (Capromys pilorides) - date uncertain Cuba meat, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Steppe lemming (Lagurus lagurus) - date uncertain the Eurasian steppe pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Norway lemming (Lemmus lemmus) - the 20th century CE northern Fennoscandia pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Lesser Egyptian (Gerbillus gerbillus), greater Egyptian (G. pyramidum), pale (G. perpallidus) and pleasant gerbils (G. amoenus) - date uncertain Egypt, Libya pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Eurasian harvest mouse (Micromys minutus)[124] - date uncertain Europe pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1d Rodentia
Northeastern (Ctenosaura acanthura), black (C. similis), and Mexican spiny-tailed iguana (C. pectinata) - date uncertain Mexico, Central America meat, pets Captive-bred 3b Lacertilia
Chinese cobra (Naja atra)[125] - date uncertain China venom, skins, pets Captive-bred 3a Serpentes
Crimson rosella (Platycercus elegans) including subspecies Adelaide (P. e. adelaidae) and yellow rosellas (P. e. flaveolus) - date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Western (Platycercus icterotis), green (P. caledonicus), pale-headed (P. adscitus) and northern rosellas (P. venustus) - date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Eastern rosella (Platycercus eximius) including subspecies golden-mantled rosella (P. e. elecica) - date uncertain Australia pets Held/tame in captivity 2e Psittaciformes
Hispaniolan (Trachemys decorata), Colombian (T. callirostris), Cuban (T. decussata), D'Orbigny's (T. dorbigni), Nicaraguan (T. emolli), ornate (T. ornata), Jamaican (T. terrapen) and Meso-American sliders (T. venusta) - date uncertain Hispaniola (Haiti and the Dominican Republic), Colombia, Cuba, Brazil, Uruguay, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Mexico, Jamaica pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines
Pond slider (Trachemys scripta) including subspecies yellow-bellied (T. s. scripta), red-eared (T. s. elegans) and Cumberland sliders (T. s. troostii) - date uncertain the south-central and southeastern United States meat, pets Easy to tame Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild 3c Testudines
Chinese softshell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis)[126] - date uncertain China meat, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines
Chinese pond (Mauremys reevesii) and yellow pond turtles (M. mutica)[127] - date uncertain China meat, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines
Common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina)[128] - date uncertain Florida meat, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines
Golden coin turtle (Cuora trifasciata) - date uncertain China meat, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines
Wattle-necked softshell turtle (Palea steindachneri) - date uncertain China meat, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines
Keeled box turtle (Cuora mouhotii)[129] - date uncertain China meat, medicine, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines
Arrau turtle (Podocnemis expansa)[130] - date uncertain Brazil meat, pets Captive-bred 3c Testudines
Saltwater (Crocodylus porosus), Nile (C. niloticus), West African (C. suchus), mugger (C. palustris), American (C. acutus), Cuban (C. rhombifer), Morelet's (C. moreletii), Orinoco (C. intermedius), freshwater (C. johnsoni), Siamese (C. siamensis), Philippine (C. mindorensis) and New Guinea crocodiles (C. novaeguineae)[131][132][133][134][135][136] - date uncertain Florida, Cuba, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Africa, Iran, India, Thailand, Myanmar, Sumatra, Borneo, the Philippines, Australia, Papua New Guinea meat, hides, teeth, blood, fat, guarding, tourism, show, pets Captive-bred 3d Other reptiles
Crimson (Neochmia phaeton), and red-browed finches (N. temporalis) - date uncertain New Guinea, Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Star finch (Bathilda ruficauda) - date uncertain Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Plum-headed finch (Aidemosyne modesta) - date uncertain Australia pets, show Held/tame in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Grey partridge (Perdix perdix) - date uncertain Hungary, the United Kingdom meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Red-legged (Alectoris rufa), chukar (A. chukar), Philby's (A. philbyi), Arabian (A. melanocephala) and Barbary partridges (A. barbara) - date uncertain France, Afghanistan, North Africa, Yemen, Oman meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Chinese bamboo (Bambusicola thoracicus) and mountain bamboo partridges (B. fytchii) - date uncertain China, India meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Himalayan monal (Lophophorus impejanus) - date uncertain Nepal meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Kalij (Lophura leucomelanos), Swinhoe's (L. swinhoii), Salvadori's (L. inornata), silver (L. nycthemera) and Edwards's pheasants (L. edwardsi); Siamese fireback (L. diardi) - date uncertain Nepal, Taiwan, Vietnam, Sumatra, China, Thailand meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Red (Gallus gallus), green (G. varius), grey (G. sonneratii) and Sri Lankan junglefowl (G. lafayettii) - date uncertain India, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Java meat, eggs, feathers, ornamental, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Scaled (Callipepla squamata), elegant (C. douglasii), Gambel's (C. gambelii) and California quails (C. californica) - date uncertain Mexico, Utah, California meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Mountain quail (Oreortyx pictus) - date uncertain California meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Montezuma quail (Cyrtonyx montezumae) - date uncertain Mexico meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) - date uncertain Ethiopia meat, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Harlequin (Coturnix delegorguei), rain (C. coromandelica) and stubble quails (C. pectoralis) - date uncertain Africa, India, Australia meat, eggs, feathers, pets Held/tame in captivity 2b Galliformes
Edible-nest swiftlet (Aerodramus fuciphagus)[137] - date uncertain Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, Singapore nests Held/tame in captivity 2g Other birds
Tarantulas (Theraphosidae, various species and subspecies)[138] - date uncertain North America, Central America, South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia research, venom, pets Captive-bred Common in captivity, becoming rare in the wild 6c Other arthropods
Crested (Correlophus ciliatus) and suras geckos (C. sarasinorum) - date uncertain New Caledonia pets Captive-bred Somewhat common in captivity, nearly extinct in the wild 3b Lacertilia
Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris)[139] - date uncertain Florida meat Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Roan (Hippotragus equinus)[140] and sable antelopes (H. niger)[141] - date uncertain South Africa meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Greater kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros),[142] nyala (T. angasii),[143] and Cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus) - date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Blue (Connochaetes taurinus)[144] and black wildebeest (C. gnou)[145] - date uncertain South Africa, Kenya meat, leather, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Bontebok (Damaliscus pygargus pygargus) including subspecies blesbok (D. p. phillipsi)[146] - date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus)[147] - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Scaly-breasted munia (Lonchura punctulata) - date uncertain Southeast Asia pets, research Slight physical changes Fairly common in the wild and in captivity 2d Passeriformes
Blackbuck (Antilope cervicapra) - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Chinkara (Gazella bennettii) - date uncertain India, Pakistan meat, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis)[148] - date uncertain South Africa meat, hides, horns, pets Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Barbary sheep (Ammotragus lervia)[149] - date uncertain North Africa meat, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
African buffalo (Syncerus caffer)[150][151] - date uncertain South Africa meat, leather, horns Held/tame in captivity 1b Bovidae
Collared peccary (Pecari tajacu)[152] - date uncertain Brazil meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
South African giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis giraffa) - date uncertain South Africa tourism, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Thorold's deer (Cervus albirostris)[153] - date uncertain China meat, antlers Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
White-tailed (Odocoileus virginianus)[154] and mule deer (O. hemionus) - date uncertain Virginia, West Virginia, Florida, Montana, Canada, Colombia meat, hides, antlers, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Chital or axis deer (Axis axis) - date uncertain India meat, hides, antlers, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Water deer (Hydropotes inermis) - date uncertain China meat, tusks, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Dwarf (Moschus berezovskii), alpine (M. chrysogaster), white-bellied (M. leucogaster) and Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)[155][156][157] - date uncertain China, India, Russia meat, hides, tusks, musk Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Guanaco (Lama guanicoe)[158] - date uncertain Peru fiber, guarding, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Vicuña (Vicugna vicugna)[159] - date uncertain Peru fiber, pets Held/tame in captivity 1a Artiodactyla except Bovidae
Southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)[160] - date uncertain South Africa horns Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis)[161] - date uncertain South Africa horns Held/tame in captivity 1e Other mammals
Fishing (Prionailurus viverrinus) and rusty-spotted cats (P. rubiginosus)[162][163] - date uncertain India pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta)[164][165][166][167] - date uncertain South Africa, Ethiopia, Nigeria hunting, guarding, waste management, tourism, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Common (Nyctereutes procyonoides) and Japanese raccoon dogs (N. viverrinus) - date uncertain China, Japan fur, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnvora
Red (Vulpes vulpes), Arctic (V. lagopus), swift (V. velox), kit (V. macrotis), fennec (V. zerda),[168] corsac (V. corsac) and pale foxes (V. pallida) - date uncertain Europe, North America, North Africa, Sudan, Central Asia fur, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Grey (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and island foxes (U. littoralis)[169] - date uncertain the eastern United States, the Channel Islands, California pelts, pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Bat-eared fox (Otocyon megalotis) - date uncertain Africa pest control, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous)[170] - date uncertain South America pest control, pets Easy to tame 1c Carnivora
Eurasian (C. l. lupus), Iberian (C. l. signatus), steppe (C. l. campestris), Mongolian (C. l. chanco), Arabian (C. l. arabs), Indian (C. l. pallipes), Arctic (C. l. arctos), Greenland (C. l. orion) and northwestern wolves (C. l. occidentalis)[171][172][173][174][175][176][177][178][179][180] - date uncertain Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, the Middle East, Canada, Greenland hunting, guarding, pest control, draft, research, education, therapy, tourism, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Coyote, prairie wolf or brush wolf (Canis latrans)[181] - date uncertain North America pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Side-striped jackal (Lupulella adusta)[182] - date uncertain South Africa pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Meerkat or suricate (Suricata suricatta)[183][184] - date uncertain South Africa pest control, research, education, therapy, tourism, show, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Common kusimanse (Crossarchus obscurus) - date uncertain West Africa pets, pest control Captive-bred 1c Carnivora
Ruddy (Urva smithii)[185] and Javan mongoose (U. javanicus)[186] - date uncertain India, Southeast Asia pest control, pets Held/tame in captivity 1c Carnivora
Kissing gourami (Helostoma temminckii) - date uncertain Thailand, Indonesia meat, pets Domesticated 5b Other fish
Giant (Osphronemus goramy),[187][188] giant red tail (O. laticlavius) and elephant ear gouramis (O. exodon) - date uncertain Southeast Asia meat, weed control, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Red-bellied (Pygocentrus nattereri), piraya (P. piraya) and black spot piranha (P. cariba) - date uncertain South America meat, teeth, research, pets Semi-domesticated Fairly common in captivity, common in the wild 5b Other fish
Atlantic bluefin (Thunnus thynnus), Pacific bluefin (T. orientalis), southern bluefin (T. maccoyii), yellowfin (T. albacares) and bigeye tunas (T. obesus); albacore or longfin tuna (T. alalunga)[189][190] - date uncertain Europe, East Asia, Australia, Hawaii, North America meat, eggs Captive-bred 5b Other fish
European sea (Acipenser sturio), white (A. transmontanus), shortnose (A. brevirostrum), Persian (A. persicus), Siberian (A. baerii), Adriatic (A. naccarii) and starry sturgeons (A. stellatus)[191][192][193][194] - date uncertain Europe, Alaska, California, Canada, Iran, Russia, Albania, the Aegean Sea meat, eggs, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Malabar (Epinephelus malabaricus), giant (E. lanceolatus), greasy (E. tauvina), areolate (E. areolatus), dusky (E. marginatus), wavy-lined (E. undulosus), six-bar (E. sexfasciatus) and orange-spotted groupers (E. coioides)[195][196][197] - date uncertain Asia, Australia, Fiji, South Africa, Italy, the Indo-Pacific meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) - date uncertain Europe, Asia, North America meat, eggs Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) including subspecies amago (O. m. macrostomus) - date uncertain Russia, Japan, Korea meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brown trout (S. trutta) - date uncertain Europe (including the United Kingdom), Alaska, Canada, Chile, Russia, Australia, Tasmania meat, eggs Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Barramundi (Lates calcarifer),[198] Japanese lates (L. japonicus) and Nile perch (L. niloticus)[199] - date uncertain the United Kingdom, Poland, the United States, India, Southeast Asia, the Middle East, Australia, Japan, Africa meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) - date uncertain the United States, Asia, Panama, Mexico meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
European bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) - date uncertain Europe meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Milkfish (Chanos chanos)[200] - date uncertain the Philippines, Taiwan, Indonesia meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Northern pike (Esox lucius)[201] - date uncertain Europe meat, eggs, research, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Alligator (Atractosteus spatula), Cuban (A. tristoechus) and tropical gars (A. tropicus)[202][203][204] - date uncertain North America, Cuba, Costa Rica meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) - date uncertain China meat, weed control Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) - date uncertain China meat, pest control, medicine Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) - date uncertain China meat Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Giant barb (Catlocarpio siamensis)[205] - date uncertain Vietnam meat, pets Held/tame in captivity 5a Cyprinidae
Arapaima (Arapaima gigas)[206][207] - date uncertain the Amazon Basin meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Wels catfish (Silurus glanis)[208] - date uncertain Europe meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Iridescent shark (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) and Mekong giant catfish (P. gigas)[209] - date uncertain Southeast Asia meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus)[210] - date uncertain California, Colorado meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Green (Etroplus suratensis)[211] and orange chromides (E. maculatus); Canara pearlspot (E. canarensis) - date uncertain India meat, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Yellowtail snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus) - date uncertain the Caribbean Sea meat, tourism Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Northern red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)[212] - date uncertain the Gulf of Mexico meat, research Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Greater (Seriola dumerili), Japanese (S. quinqueradiata) and yellowtail amberjacks (S. lalandi); longfin yellowtail (S. rivoliana)[213][214] - date uncertain the Mediterranean Sea, Japan, Chile, Hawaii meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Southern (Paralichthys lethostigma) and olive flounders (P. olivaceus)[215] - the 1980s (uncertain for P. lethostigma) the United States, Japan, China, Korea meat Captive-bred 5b Other fish
European (Anguilla anguilla), Japanese (A. japonica), American (A. rostrata), short-finned (A. australis) and New Zealand longfin eels (A. dieffenbachii[216][217][218][219] - date uncertain Europe, Asia, North America, Australia, New Zealand meat, research, medicine, pets Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Sugarbag bee (Tetragonula carbonaria) and Indian stingless bee (T. iridipennis) - date uncertain Australia, India honey, wax, propolis, pollination Held/tame in captivity 6a Hymenoptera
Dubia roach (Blaptica dubia) - date uncertain Central America, South America animal feed, pets Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Mealworm (Tenebrio molitar) and superworm (Zophobas morio) - date uncertain Europe meat, animal feed, research Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) - date uncertain the United States research Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens)[220] - date uncertain the United States meat, animal feed, pollination, decomposing Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Waxworms (Achroia grisella and Galleria mellonella) - date uncertain Europe? meat, bait, animal feed, research Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Mopane moth (Gonimbrasia belina)[221] - date uncertain Southern Africa meat, silk Captive-bred 6b Other insects
American cockroach (Periplaneta americana)[222] - date uncertain North America meat, medicine, pets Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Pacific beetle cockroach (Diploptera punctata)[223][224][225][226] - date uncertain Hawaii research Captive-bred 6b Other insects
Flame jellyfish (Rhopilema esculentum)[227] - date uncertain China meat, medicine, pets Captive-bred 7c Other animals
Giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini)[228] - date uncertain Japan, Korea meat, research, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca
Common (Octopus vulgaris), common Sydney (O. tetricus), big blue (O. cyanea), Mexican four-eyed (O. maya), California two-spot (O. bimaculoides), Gould's (O. mimus), long arm (O. minor), Caribbean reef (O. briareus), Caribbean dwarf (O. mercatoris) and East Pacific red octopuses (O. rubescens)[229][230][231][232][233][234] - date uncertain Europe, Asia, North America, Western Australia, Hawaii, the Caribbean Sea meat, ink, research, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca
Webfoot (Amphioctopus fangsiao)[235] and coconut octopuses (A. marginatus) - date uncertain South Korea, Sulawesi meat, research, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca
Common periwinkle (Littorina littorea) - date uncertain Europe meat, shells Captive-bred 7a Mollusca
Garden snail (Cornu aspersum) - date uncertain Europe meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca
Giant Ghana African snail (Achatina achatina)[236] - date uncertain Ghana, Kenya meat, eggs, shells, slime, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca
Giant East African (Lissachatina fulica)[237] and African land snails (L. albopicta) - date uncertain East Africa meat, shells, slime, education, pets Captive-bred 7a Mollusca
Pacific (Eptatretus stoutii) and inshore hagfishes (E. burgeri)[238][239] - date uncertain the United States, South Korea, Japan meat, skins, slime Captive-bred 5b Other fish
Mangrove horseshoe crab (Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda)[240] - date uncertain Asia meat, eggs, blood, pets Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) - date uncertain North America meat, blood, research, pets Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
Japanese (Tachypleus tridentatus) and Indo-Pacific horseshoe crabs (T. gigas) - date uncertain Japan, China, India meat, blood, pets Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
Mud crab (Scylla serrata) - date uncertain Asia meat, pets Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
Flower crab (Portunus armatus)[241][242] - date uncertain Australia meat Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
Spanner crab (Ranina ranina)[243] - date uncertain Australia meat Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
European (Homarus gammarus) and American lobsters (H. americanus)[244][245][246] - date uncertain Europe, the United States meat Captive-bred 6c Other arthropods
American bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), northern leopard frog (L. pipiens) and wood frog (L. sylvaticus) - date uncertain North America meat, education, research, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura
Northern green frog (Lithobates clamitans melanota) - date uncertain North America pets Captive-bred 4a Anura
Pig frog (Lithobates grylio) - date uncertain North America meat, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura
Pool (Pelophylax lessonae) and marsh frogs (P. ridibundus)[247] - date uncertain Europe meat, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura
Crab-eating frog (Fejervarya cancrivora) - date uncertain Java meat Captive-bred 4a Anura
Chinese edible frog (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) and Indus Valley bullfrog (H. tigerinus) - date uncertain China, Thailand meat, pets Captive-bred 4a Anura
Chinese spiny frog (Quasipaa spinosa) - date uncertain China meat Captive-bred 4a Anura
Edible dormouse (Glis glis)[248] - classical antiquity (date uncertain) Europe meat, fat, fur, pets Captured in the wild and fattened for food Extended in the wild, no longer kept in captivity 1d Rodentia
Blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) - the 14th century CE Europe meat Captured in the wild or captive-bred Extended in the wild and in captivity 7a Mollusca
New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) - the 1970s New Zealand meat Captured in the wild and captive-bred 7a Mollusca
Purple dye murex (Bolinus brandaris) - classical antiquity (date uncertain) the central and western Mediterranean Sea Tyrian purple, meat Captive-bred No longer bred 7a Mollusca
Banded dye-murex (Hexaplex trunculus) - classical antiquity (date uncertain) the Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean near the Mediterranean Sea purple dye, meat Captive-bred No longer bred 7a Mollusca
Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) - the 19th century CE[citation needed] North America pelts, pest control, pets Tame when captive-bred, significant physical changes[citation needed] Somewhat common in the wild and in captivity 1c Carnivora

Taxonomical groupings


The categories used in the Taxon group column are:


See also



References


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