bio.wikisort.org - Animal

This article lists living orders and families of birds. The links below should then lead to family accounts and hence to individual species.

The passerines (perching birds) alone account for well over 5,000 species. In total there are about 10,000 species of birds described worldwide, though one estimate of the real number places it at almost twice that.[1]

Taxonomy is very fluid in the age of DNA analysis, so comments are made where appropriate, and all numbers are approximate. In particular see Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy for a very different classification.

Phylogeny

Cladogram of modern bird relationships based on Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014)[2] with some clade names after Yuri, T. et al. (2013).[3]

Aves

Palaeognathae Struthionimorphae Struthioniformes (ostriches)[4]   Notopalaeognathae   Rheimorphae Rheiformes (rheas)   Novaeratitae   Casuariiformes (cassowaries & emus)       Apterygiformes (kiwi)     †Aepyornithiformes (elephant birds)         Tinamimorphae   †Dinornithiformes (moas)       †Lithornithiformes (false tinamous)     Tinamiformes (tinamous)           Neognathae Galloanserae Gallomorphae Galliformes (landfowl)   Odontoanserae   †Odontopterygiformes   Anserimorphae     †Vegaviiformes[5]     †Gastornithiformes       Anseriformes (waterfowl)         Neoaves Columbea Mirandornithes   Phoenicopteriformes (flamingoes)     Podicipediformes (grebes)     Columbimorphae     Mesitornithiformes (mesites)     Pterocliformes (sandgrouse)       Columbiformes (pigeons)       Passerea Otidae Otidimorphae   Cuculiformes (cuckoos)       Otidiformes (bustards)     Musophagiformes (turacos)       Cypselomorphae   Caprimulgiformes (nightjars)       Nyctibiiformes (oilbirds & potoos)       Podargiformes (frogmouths)       Aegotheliformes (owlet-nightjars)     Apodiformes (hummingbirds & swifts)               Gruae   Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)   Cursorimorphae   Gruiformes (rails and cranes)     Charadriiformes (shorebirds)         Ardeae Phaethontimorphae   Eurypygiformes (sunbittern, kagu)     Phaethontiformes (tropicbirds)     Aequornithes   Gaviiformes (loons)     Austrodyptornithes   Procellariiformes (albatross and petrels)     Sphenisciformes (penguins)         Ciconiiformes (storks)       Suliformes (boobies, cormorants, etc.)     Pelecaniformes (pelicans, herons & egrets)             Telluraves Afroaves Accipitrimorphae   Cathartiformes (condors and New World vultures)     Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles, vultures, etc.)         Strigiformes (owls)   Coraciimorphae   Coliiformes (mousebirds)       Leptosomiformes (cuckoo roller)       Trogoniformes (trogons)       Bucerotiformes (hornbills, hoopoe and wood hoopoes)       Coraciiformes (kingfishers etc.)     Piciformes (woodpeckers etc.)   Picodynastornithes Picocoraciae Eucavitaves Cavitaves       Australaves   Cariamiformes (seriemas)   Eufalconimorphae   Falconiformes (falcons)   Psittacopasserae   Psittaciformes (parrots)     Passeriformes (songbirds and kin)

Paleognathae

The Paleognathae, or "old jaws", are one of the two superorders recognized within the taxonomic class Aves and consist of the ratites and tinamous. The ratites are mostly large and long-legged, flightless birds, lacking a keeled sternum. Traditionally, all the ratites were place in the order Struthioniformes. However, recent genetic analysis has found that the group is not monophyletic, as it is paraphyletic with respect to the tinamous, so the ostriches are classified as the only members of the order Struthioniformes and other rattites placed in other orders.[6][7]

Struthioniformes

Africa; 2 species

• Struthionidae: ostrich

Notopalaeognathae

Rheiformes

South America; 2 species

• †Opisthodactylidae
• Rheidae: rheas

Casuariiformes

Australasia; 4 species

• Casuariidae: cassowaries and emu

Apterygiformes

Australasia; 5 species

• Apterygidae: kiwis

Aepyornithiformes

Madagascar

• †Aepyornithidae: elephant birds

Dinornithiformes

New Zealand

• †Megalapteryidae: upland moas
• †Dinornithidae: great moas
• †Emeidae: lesser moas

Tinamiformes

South America; 45 species

• Tinamidae: tinamous

Neognathae

Nearly all living birds belong to the superorder Neognathae or "new jaws". With their keeled sternum (breastbone), unlike the ratites, they are known as carinatae.

Galloanserae

Galliformes

Worldwide; 250 species

• †Sylviornithidae
• Megapodii
  • Megapodidae: megapodes
• Craci
  • Cracidae: chachalacas, curassows, and guans
• Phasiani
  • Numidioidea
    • Numididae: guineafowl
  • Phasianoidea: pheasants and allies
    • Odontophoridae: New World quail
    • Phasianidae: pheasants and relatives

Gastornithiformes

• †Gastornithidae
• †Dromornithidae: mihirungs

Anseriformes

Worldwide; 150 species

• Anhimidae: screamers
• Anseranatidae: magpie-goose
• Anatidae: ducks, geese, and swans

Mirandornithes

Podicipediformes

Worldwide; 19 species

• Podicipedidae: grebes

Phoenicopteriformes

Worldwide; 6 species

• †Palaelodidae: swimming flamingos
• Phoenicopteridae: flamingos

Columbimorphae

Columbiformes

Worldwide; 300 species

• Columbidae: pigeons and doves

Pterocliformes

Africa, Europe, Asia; 16 species

• Pteroclidae: sandgrouse

Mesitornithiformes

Madagascar; 3 species

• Mesitornithidae: mesites

Cypselomorphae

Caprimulgiformes

Worldwide; 97 species

• Caprimulgidae: nightjars

Steatornithiformes

South America; 1 species

• Steatornithidae: oilbird

Nyctibiiformes

Americas; 7 species

• Nyctibiidae: potoos

Podargiformes

Asia and Australasia; 14 species

• Podargidae: frogmouths

Aegotheliformes

Australasia; 10 species

• Aegothelidae: owlet-nightjars

Apodiformes

Worldwide; 478 species

• Hemiprocnidae: treeswifts
• Apodidae: swifts
• Trochilidae: hummingbirds

Otidimorphae

Cuculiformes

Worldwide; 150 species

• Cuculidae: cuckoos and relatives

Musophagiformes

Africa; 23 species

• Musophagidae: turacos and relatives

Otidiformes

Africa and Eurasia; 27 species

• Otididae: bustards

Gruae

Opisthocomiformes

South America; 1 species

• Opisthocomidae: hoatzin

Gruiformes

Worldwide; 164 species

• Grui: cranes and allies
  • Gruidae: cranes
  • Aramidae: limpkin
  • Psophiidae: trumpeters
• Ralli: rails and allies
  • †Aptornithidae: adzebills
  • Heliornithidae: finfoots
  • Sarothruridae: flufftails
  • Rallidae: rails and relatives

Charadriiformes

Worldwide; 350 species

• Charadrii
  • Chionida: thick-knees and allies
    • Burhinidae: thick-knees and relatives
    • Chionididae: sheathbills
    • Pluvianellidae: Magellanic plover
  • Charadriida: plover-like waders
    • Pluvialidae: golden plovers
    • Ibidorhynchidae: ibisbill
    • Haematopodidae: oystercatchers
    • Recurvirostridae: avocets and stilts
    • Charadriidae: plovers and lapwings
• Scolopaci
  • Jacanida: jacana-like waders

    • 

      Rostratulidae: painted snipes

    • 

      Pluvianidae: Egyptian plover
    • Jacanidae: jacanas
    • Thinocoridae: seedsnipes

    • 

      Pedionomidae: plains-wanderer
  • Scolopacida
    • Scolopacidae: sandpipers and relatives
• Lari
  • Turnicida
    • Turnicidae: buttonquail
  • Larida: gulls and allies
    • Glareolidae: coursers and pratincoles
    • Dromadidae: crab-plover
    • Stercorariidae: skuas and jaegers
    • Alcidae: auks and puffins
    • Laridae: gulls, skimmers and terns

Phaethontimorphae

Eurypygiformes

Neotropics and New Caledonia; 2 species

• Rhynochetidae: kagu

• 

  Eurypygidae: sunbittern

Phaethontiformes

Oceanic; 3 species

• Phaethontidae: tropicbirds

Aequornithes

Gaviiformes

North America, Eurasia; 5 species

• Gaviidae: loons

Sphenisciformes

Antarctic and southern waters; 17 species

• Spheniscidae: penguins

Procellariiformes

Pan-oceanic; 120 species

• Diomedeidae: albatrosses
• Oceanitidae: austral storm petrels
• Hydrobatidae: northern storm petrels
• Procellariidae: petrels and relatives

Ciconiiformes

Worldwide; 19 species

• Ciconiidae: storks

Suliformes

Worldwide; 59 species

• Fregatae
  • Fregatidae: frigatebirds
• Sulae
  • Sulidae: boobies and gannets
  • Anhingidae: darters
  • Phalacrocoracidae: cormorants and shags

Pelecaniformes

Worldwide; 108 species

• Threskiornithes
  • Threskiornithidae: ibises and spoonbills
• Pelecani
  • Scopidae: hamerkop
  • Balaenicipitidae: shoebill
  • Pelecanidae: pelicans
• Ardeae
  • Ardeidae: herons and relatives

Afroaves

Accipitriformes

Worldwide; 260 species

• Cathartae
  • Cathartidae: New World vultures
• Accipitres
  • Sagittariidae: secretarybird
  • Pandionidae: osprey
  • Accipitridae: hawks, eagles, buzzards, harriers, kites and Old World vultures

Strigiformes

Worldwide; 250 species

• Tytonidae: barn owls
• Strigidae: true owls

Coliiformes

Sub-Saharan Africa; 6 species

• Coliidae: mousebirds

Leptosomiformes

Madagascar; 1 species

• Leptosomidae: cuckoo-roller

Trogoniformes

Sub-Saharan Africa, Americas, Asia; 35 species

• Trogonidae: trogons and quetzals

Bucerotiformes

Old World, New Guinea; 64 species

• Buceroidea
  • Bucerotidae: hornbills
• Upupoidea
  • Upupidae: hoopoe
  • Phoeniculidae: woodhoopoes

Coraciiformes

Worldwide; 144 species

• Meropi
  • Meropidae: bee-eaters
• Coracii
  • Coraciidae: rollers
  • Brachypteraciidae: ground rollers
• Coracii
  • Todidae: todies
  • Momotidae: motmots
  • Alcedinidae: kingfishers

Piciformes

Worldwide except Australasia; 400 species

• Galbuli
  • Galbulidae: jacamars
  • Bucconidae: puffbirds
• Pici
  • Lybiidae: African barbets
  • Megalaimidae: Asian barbets
  • Ramphastidae: toucans
  • Semnornithidae: toucan barbets
  • Capitonidae: American barbets
  • Picidae: woodpeckers
  • Indicatoridae: honeyguides

Australaves

Cariamiformes

South America; 2 species

• Cariamidae: seriemas

Falconiformes

Worldwide; 60 species

• Falconidae: falcons and relatives

Psittaciformes

Pan-tropical, southern temperate zones; 330 species

• Strigopoidea
  • Strigopidae: kakapo
  • Nestoridae: kea and kakas
• Cacatuoidea
  • Cacatuidae: cockatoos and cockatiel
• Psittacoidea
  • Psittacidae: African and American parrots
  • Psittaculidae: Australasian parrots
  • Psittrichasiidae: Pesquet's parrot, vasa parrots

Passeriformes

Worldwide; 6,500 species

• Acanthisitti
  • Acanthisittidae: New Zealand wrens
• Tyranni: suboscines
  • Eurylaimides: Old World suboscines
    • Sapayoidae: sapayoa
    • Calyptomenidae: Calyptomenid broadbills
    • Pittidae: pittas
    • Eurylaimidae: broadbills
    • Philepittidae: asities
  • Tyrannides: New World suboscines
    • Tyrannida: bronchophones
      • Pipridae: manakins
      • Cotingidae: cotingas
      • Oxyruncidae: sharpbills
      • Onychorhynchidae: royal flycatchers and allies
      • Tityridae: becards and tityras
      • Pipritidae: pipriteses
      • Platyrinchidae: spadebills
      • Tachurididae: many-colored rush tyrants
      • Rhynchocyclidae: mionectine flycatchers
      • Tyrannidae: tyrant flycatchers
    • Furnariida: tracheophones
      • Melanopareiidae: crescent-chests
      • Conopophagidae: gnateaters
      • Thamnophilidae: antbirds
      • Grallariidae: antpittas
      • Rhinocryptidae tapaculos
      • Formicariidae: ground antbirds
      • Furnariidae: ovenbirds
• Passeri: oscines
  • Menurides
    • Atrichornithidae: scrub-birds
    • Menuridae: lyrebirds
  • Climacterides
    • Ptilonorhynchidae: bowerbirds
    • Climacteridae: Australasian treecreepers
  • Meliphagides
    • Maluridae: Australasian wrens
    • Dasyornithidae: bristlebirds
    • Pardalotidae: gerygones and allies (Acanthizidae)
    • Meliphagidae: honeyeaters and relatives
  • Orthonychides
    • Pomatostomidae: Australasian babblers
    • Orthonychidae: logrunners
  • Corvides
    • Cinclosomatoidea
      • Cinclosomatidae: quail-thrushes and jewel-babblers
    • Campephagoidea
      • Campephagidae: cuckoo-shrikes
    • Mohouoidea
      • Mohouidae: whitehead and allies
    • Neosittoidea
      • Neosittidae: sittellas
    • Orioloidea
      • Eulacestomidae: wattled ploughbills
      • Psophodidae: whipbirds and quail-thrushes
      • Oreoicidae: Australo-Papuan bellbirds
      • Falcunculidae: crested shriketits
      • Paramythiidae: painted berrypeckers
      • Pteruthiidae: shrike-babblers
      • Vireonidae: vireos and relatives
      • Pachycephalidae: whistlers and relatives (Colluricinclidae)
      • Oriolidae: Old World orioles
    • Malaconotoidea
      • Machaerirhynchidae: boatbills
      • Artamidae: woodswallows and butcherbirds
      • Rhagologidae: mottled berryhunter
      • Aegithinidae: ioras
      • Pityriaseidae: bristlehead
      • Malaconotidae: bushshrikes and relatives
      • Platysteiridae: wattle-eyes and batises
      • Vangidae: vangas (Tephrodornithidae; Prionopidae)
    • Corvoidea
      • Rhipiduridae: fantails
      • Lamproliidae: silktail, drongo fantail
      • Dicruridae: drongos
      • Ifritidae: blue-capped ifrits
      • Melampittidae: melampittas
      • Corcoracidae: Australian mudnesters
      • Paradisaeidae: birds-of-paradise
      • Monarchidae: monarch flycatchers
      • Laniidae: shrikes
      • Corvidae: jays and crows
  • Passerides
    • Melanocharitida
      • Melanocharitidae: berrypeckers
    • Cnemophilida
      • Cnemophilidae: satinbirds
    • Petroicida
      • Petroicidae: Australasian robins
      • Notiomystidae: stitchbird
      • Callaeidae: wattlebirds
    • Eupetida
      • Picathartidae: rockfowl
      • Chaetopidae: rock-jumpers
      • Eupetidae: rail-babbler
    • Sylviida
      • Paroidea
        • Stenostiridae: fairy warblers
        • Hyliotidae: hyliotas
        • Remizidae: penduline tits
        • Paridae: chickadees and true tits
      • Alaudoidea
        • Nicatoridae: nicators
        • Panuridae: bearded reedling
        • Alaudidae: larks
      • Macrosphenidae: African warblers
      • Locustelloidea
        • Cisticolidae: cisticolas and relatives
        • Acrocephalidae: marsh warblers
        • Pnoepygidae: pygmy wren-babblers
        • Locustellidae: grass warblers
        • Donacobiidae: donacobius
        • Bernieridae: Malagasy warblers
      • Hirundinidae: swallows and martins
      • Pycnonotidae: bulbuls
      • Aegithaloidea
        • Phylloscopidae: leaf warblers
        • Cettiidae: bush warblers (Erythrocercidae; Scotocercidae)
        • Hyliidae: hylias
        • Aegithalidae: bushtits
      • Sylvioidea
        • Sylviidae: true warblers
        • Paradoxornithidae: parrotbills, fulvettas
        • Zosteropidae: white-eyes
        • Timaliidae: babblers and relatives
        • Pellorneidae: fulvettas, ground babblers
        • Leiothrichidae: laughing thrushes
    • Muscicapida
      • Reguloidea
        • Regulidae: kinglets
      • Bombycilloidea
        • Elachuridae: spotted wren-babblers
        • †Mohoidae: Hawaiian honeyeaters
        • Ptiliogonatidae: silky-flycatchers
        • Bombycillidae: waxwings
        • Dulidae: palmchat
        • Hypocoliidae: hypocolius
      • Certhioidea
        • Tichodromidae: wallcreeper
        • Sittidae: nuthatches
        • Certhiidae: treecreepers
        • Troglodytidae: wrens
        • Polioptilidae: gnatcatchers
      • Muscicapoidea
        • Cinclidae: dippers
        • Turdidae: thrushes and relatives
        • Muscicapidae: flycatchers and relatives
        • Buphagidae: oxpeckers
        • Mimidae: mockingbirds and thrashers
        • Sturnidae: starlings and mynas (Rhabdornithidae)
    • Passerida
      • Promeropidae: sugarbirds
      • Arcanatoridae: dapplethroat and allies
      • Dicaeidae: flowerpeckers
      • Nectariniidae: sunbirds
      • Irenidae: fairy-bluebirds
      • Chloropseidae: leafbirds
      • Peucedramidae: olive warbler
      • Prunellidae: accentors
      • Ploceoidea
        • Urocynchramidae: pink-tailed bunting
        • Ploceidae: weavers and relatives
        • Viduidae: whydahs and indigobirds
        • Estrildidae: weaver finches
      • Passerid clade
        • Passeridae: Old World sparrows
        • Motacillidae: wagtails and pipits
        • Fringillidae: finches and relatives
        • Calcariidae: longspurs, snow buntings
        • Rhodinocichlidae: rosy thrush-tanagers
        • Emberizidae: Old World buntings
        • Passerellidae: American sparrows
        • Phaenicophilidae: palm-tanager and allies
        • Icteridae: New World blackbirds and New World orioles
        • Teretistridae: Cuban warblers
        • Parulidae: wood warblers
        • Mitrospingidae
        • Cardinalidae: cardinals, grosbeaks, and New World buntings
        • Thraupidae: tanagers and relatives (Coerebidae)

See also

• Lists of animals
• List of chicken breeds
• List of birds by common name
• List of individual birds
• Lists by continent
  • List of birds of Africa
  • List of birds of Antarctica
  • List of birds of Asia
  • List of birds of Australia
  • List of birds of Europe
  • List of birds of North America
  • List of birds of South America
• Lists by smaller geographic unit
  • Lists of birds by region
• Extinct birds
  • List of recently extinct bird species
  • List of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species
  • List of fossil bird genera
• List of fictional birds

References

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