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Ocean Park Hong Kong, commonly known as Ocean Park, is a marine mammal park, oceanarium, animal theme park and amusement park situated in Wong Chuk Hang and Nam Long Shan in the Southern District of Hong Kong. It is the second largest theme park in Hong Kong, after Hong Kong Disneyland,[2] as well as the largest theme park in Hong Kong by area. It is also the second oldest theme park in Hong Kong, after the now-defunct Lai Chi Kok Amusement Park which closed on 31 March 1997, four months before the 1997 handover.

Ocean Park Hong Kong

Main entrance of Ocean Park in 2013
Location	Wong Chuk Hang, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong
Coordinates	22°14′45.1″N 114°10′33.3″E
Status	Operating
Opened	10 January 1977; 45 years ago (1977-01-10)[1]
Owner	Ocean Park Corporation
Theme	education, conservation, entertainment
Slogan	Connect people with nature
Attendance	7.7 million (at peak)
Area	91.5 hectares (226 acres)
Attractions
Total	59
Roller coasters	2
Water rides	1
Website	www.oceanpark.com.hk/en

Ocean Park Hong Kong
Traditional Chinese	香港海洋公園
Simplified Chinese	香港海洋公园
Cantonese Yale	Hēunggóng Hóiyèung Gūngyún
Literal meaning	Hong Kong Ocean Park
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Xiānggǎng Hǎiyáng Gōngyuán Hakka Romanization Hiong1gong3 Hoi3yong2 Gung1yen2(or yen3) Yue: Cantonese Yale Romanization Hēunggóng Hóiyèung Gūngyún Jyutping Hoeng1 gong2 hoi2 joeng4 gung1 jyun2

Opened on 10 January 1977, Ocean Park became popular, but 28 years later, it was unprofitable and widely expected to close due to the new Hong Kong Disneyland.[3][4][5] However, the Park responded with a HK$5.5 billion development plan that saw it expand to over 80 attractions and rides, and steadily grow visitor numbers to 7.6 million in 2014, making it the world's 13th most visited theme park, and one of the largest theme parks in Asia.[6][7] Half of all visitors now come from mainland China, in growth that parallels rising mainland tourist visitor levels to Hong Kong over the same period.[8]

Covering an area of 91.5 hectares (226 acres), the park is separated by a large mountain into two areas, The Summit (Headland) and The Waterfront (Lowland). These areas can be reached by a 1.5 kilometres (0.93 mi) cable car system, or the Ocean Express funicular railway. To ascend the Headland, which comprises several hills, visitors can use Hong Kong's second longest outdoor escalator.[9] The theme park has various attractions and rides, including four roller coasters, and also animal exhibits with different themes, such as a giant panda habitat, rainforest and polar displays, as well as an aquarium featuring the world's largest aquarium dome. Between 1979 and 1997, Ocean Park was most famous for its signature killer whale, Miss Hoi Wai/Susie Wong.

As well as being an amusement park, Ocean Park Hong Kong aims to merge entertainment and education, including conservation advocacy. However, it has been criticised by wildlife advocates for practices including the wild capture of large sea animals, such as dolphins and orca, and the presentation of shows featuring such animals performing.[10][11]

Ocean Park is also renowned for holding the largest Halloween events in Asia.[12][13]

History and development

Opened on 10 January 1977 by the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Murray MacLehose, Ocean Park was constructed as a subsidiary of the Hong Kong Jockey Club, with HK$150 million of funding. The land was provided free by the Hong Kong Government. Between 1982 and 1984, the Jockey Club put a further HK$240 million into developing facilities at Tai Shue Wan and thrill rides at the Summit.

Ocean Park ceased to be a Jockey Club subsidiary on 1 July 1987, becoming its own statutory body, with a Government-appointed Board. The Jockey Club established a HK$200 million trust to ensure the Park's continued development. At present, Ocean Park is managed by the Ocean Park Corporation, a financially independent, non-profit organisation.

In 2003, Allan Zeman, known for leading the creation of the popular Lan Kwai Fong entertainment district of Hong Kong, was appointed Chairman of Ocean Park Corporation, a position he held for 11 years.[7]

In 2005, the same year that the park's rival Hong Kong Disneyland opened, Ocean Park unveiled a HK$5.5 billion redevelopment plan, under which older features at the park were rejuvenated and new areas developed. The number of attractions more than doubled, from 35 to over 80. The Lowland was redeveloped as a new area called the Waterfront, while the old 'Headland' became 'The Summit', with polar and rainforest exhibits. A dedicated thrill ride area, Thrill Mountain, opened, and the children's area was refurbished as Whisker's Harbour.

The first of the new developments, Amazing Asian Animals, showcasing some of the Asia's endangered creatures, including giant pandas, red pandas, Chinese giant salamanders, Asian small-clawed otters and the Chinese alligators, and Ocean Express, a funicular train system capable of transporting 5,000 visitors per hour between the Summit and the Waterfront, were launched in 2009.

In January 2011, Aqua City was opened. The zone features the Grand Aquarium, designed by St. Louis-based PGAV Destinations, displaying some 5,000 fish from over 400 species, and the world's first and only 360° water screen show Symbio.[14]

In June of the same year, the Rainforest, an integrated theme zone featuring over 70 exotic animal species, was opened.

In March 2012, the new attraction zone Old Hong Kong opened, evoking the streetscapes and spirit of Hong Kong between the 1950s and the 1970s from various perspectives. In April, the newly refurbished Hong Kong Jockey Club Sichuan Treasures opened. In July, the final element of the redevelopment, Polar Adventure, opened, featuring animals such as penguins, Pacific walruses, spotted seals, northern sea lions, snowy owls and Arctic foxes, aiming to highlight some of the conservation issues they face.

A 20,000 sq ft shark aquarium opened in July 2014 at the former Atoll Reef site called Shark Mystique.[15]

On 19 February 2019, Ocean Park officially opened its first hotel: The Hong Kong Ocean Park Marriott Hotel.[16]

In January 2020, the park sought HK$10 billion from the government for a major upgrade, following a 14 percent decline in visitor numbers and a cash-flow crisis. The government was ready to support the move, but legislators from both sides had concerns.[17][18]

Visitor growth

The park's expansion steadily grew visitor numbers to 7.6 million in 2014, making it the world's 13th most visited theme park, and one of the largest theme parks in Asia.[6][7] From this high, visitor numbers declined to around six million in 2016 against the background of declining tourist arrivals in Hong Kong and competition from Chimelong International Ocean Tourist Resort in Zhuhai.[19] In January 2017, the Ocean Park saw a 30% surge in visitors, credited to a new rapid transit line, big discounts and an early Lunar New Year holiday,[20] but in 2019, lower numbers of mainland tourist arrivals, due to social unrest and continued competition from Chimelong, sunk attendance to 5.7 million.[18]

Senior leadership

Chairman

1. Kenneth Fung (1977–1982)
2. David Newbigging (1982–1984)
3. Gordon MacWhinnie (1984–1993)
4. Ronald Carstairs (1993–1996)
5. Robert Kwan (1996–1997)
6. Payson Cha (1997–2000)
7. Philip Chen (2000–2003)
8. Allan Zeman (2003–2014)
9. Leo Kung (2014–2020)
10. Lau Ming-wai (2020–2022)
11. Paulo Pong Kin-yee (2022– )

Chief Executive Officers

1. Randolph Guthrie (1999–2004)
2. Tom Mehrmann (2004–2016)
3. Matthias Li (2016–2020)
4. Ysanne Chan (2020–2021)
5. Ivan Wong (2021– )

Attractions

Ocean Park now comprises two main attraction areas: the Waterfront and the Summit, subdivided into eight attraction zones: Amazing Asian Animals, Aqua City, Whiskers Harbour, Marine World, Polar Adventure, Adventure Land, Thrill Mountain and the Rainforest.

Rollercoasters (Including scrapped plans)

Name	Type	Opened	Territory	Manufacturer	Height Restrictions	Current Status	Description
Unknown	Indoor Coaster	2026/27	Forest Adventure	Unknown	Unknown	Scrapped	This coaster was proposed as part of the park's newest expansion plan, but was scrapped due to the high cost along with the expansion plan.
Abyssal Dive	Dive Machine	2026/27	Forest Adventure	Bolliger & Mabillard	Unknown	Scrapped	This coaster was proposed as part of the park's newest expansion plan, but was scrapped due to the high cost along with the expansion plan.
Alpine Coaster	Alpine Coaster	2025/26	Adventure Zone	TBD	Unknown	Planning	The Alpine Coaster was introduced in both the expansion plan and the 'revival plan' after the expansion plan was scrapped. As of 2021, this coaster is still going ahead and is set to replace Mine Train and Raging River, instead of in Ocean's Edge when this coaster was introduced originally.
The Trailblazer	Launched Coaster	2025/26	Azure Bay	Intamin	Unknown	Scrapped	This coaster was proposed as part of the park's newest expansion plan, but was scrapped due to the high cost along with the expansion plan.
Riptide Racers	Spike Coaster	2023/24	Ocean's Edge	Maurer Rides	Unknown	Scrapped	This coaster was proposed as part of the park's newest expansion plan, but was scrapped due to the high cost along with the expansion plan.
Arctic Blast	Powered Coaster	2012	Polar Adventure	Mack Rides	1m (3 ft 3 in)	Operating	A Mack Rides powered family coaster which opened in 2012. The coaster has an arctic and blue theme.
Hair Raiser	Floorless Coaster	2011	Thrill Mountain	Bolliger & Mabillard	1.4m (4 ft 7 in)	Operating	The first and only roller coaster to be manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard in the park, and known for its views of the South China Sea. Some say the smiley face in the Entrance is based on Luna Park Sydney in Australia. The coaster features one vertical loop, one dive loop, one zero-g roll, and finally an immelmann.
Mine Train	Mine Train	2001 (2017)	Adventure Land	Zamperla	1.22m (~4 ft)	SBNO	A Zamperla Mine Train, been rated for 'the best views for a roller coaster' by ThemeParkReview, a famous theme park YouTuber. In 2017, the park partnered with Samsung to offer VR headsets without any upcharge. The VR journey flies through rainforests and includes gaming elements. Starting late 2019, this coaster only operates during weekends and peak days due to the cost reduction policies introduced due to a drop in attendance. In 2020, after the park was allowed to reopen from the COVID-19 pandemic, the VR headsets provision was suspended, again, due to the park's financial status. The Mine Train is officially closed on the 31st of August in 2021.
The Dragon	Steel Sit Down	1984	Marine World	Arrow Dynamics	1.32m (4 ft 4 in)	SBNO	An Arrow Dynamics steel coaster. The coaster used to be in white and blue in colour, but was repainted into purple along with the park's expansion plan in the 2010s. Due to the increasing maintenance cost and the park's worsening financial situation, The Dragon was officially closed on the 28th of February in 2021 without any announcement prior to closing.

Water Rides

Name	Type	Opened	Territory	Manufacturer	Height Restrictions	Current Status	Description
The Rapids	River rapids ride	2010	Rainforest	Intamin	1.2m (3 ft 11in)	Operating	The Rapids opened in the Rainforest in 2010 as part of the park's expansion. Riders are able to interact with visitors in the Emerald Trail, as they may get wet by the water guns by the Trail. During the queue line, various bird species are also shown.
Raging River	Log Flume	1984	Adventure Land	Arrow Dynamics	1.22m (~4 ft)	SBNO	Raging River is a classic log flume manufactured by Arrow Dynamics and is located in Adventure Land. Starting late 2019, this coaster only operates during weekends and peak days due to the cost reduction policies introduced due to a drop in attendance. Raging River is officially closed on the 31st of August in 2021, along with Mine Train.

Flat Rides

Name	Type	Opened	Territory	Manufacturer	Height Restrictions	Current Status	Additional Information
Wild Twister	Top Scan	2019	Marine World	Mondial	1.37m (4 ft 6 in)	Operating	Top scan ride. This flat ride is the first ride introduced in over 9 years, with the latest one being Arctic Blast. It's also the last ride to be built in the park in a long period of time as the park no longer invest on rides and closes down a large amount of old rides.
The Flash	Ultra Max	2011	Thrill Mountain	Mondial	1.37m (4 ft 6 in)	Operating	An Ultra Max ride that opened in late 2011 along with other rides in Thrill Mountain.
Rev Booster	Music Express	2011	Thrill Mountain	SBF Visa Group	1.3m (3 ft 3 in)	Operating	A Music Express ride that opened in late 2011 along with other rides in Thrill Mountain.
Whirly Bird	Star Flyer	2011	Thrill Mountain	Chance Rides	1.22m (~4 ft)	Operating	A Star Flyer ride that opened in late 2011 along with other rides in Thrill Mountain.
Bumper Blaster	Dodgems	2011	Thrill Mountain	I.E. Park	Driver: 1.45m (4 ft 9 in) Rider: 1.2m (3 ft 11in)	Operating	A Dodgems that opened in late 2011 along with other rides in Thrill Mountain.
Sea Life Carousel	Gallopers	2009	Aqua City	Wood Design Amusement Rides]	Unaccompanied: 1.07m (3 ft 6 in)	Operating	An Ocean-themed Carousel. Manufactured by Wood Design Amusement Rides.
The Abyss	Drop Tower	2001	Marine World	S&S Worldwide	1.32m (4 ft 4 in)	SBNO	An S&S Worldwide double drop tower that faces the South China Sea. SBNO since 31 August 2021 and the building was used as a scare attraction in the Halloween event that year.
Flying Swing	Waveswinger	1997	Marine World	Zierer	1.22m (~4 ft)	Operating; Closing soon	The Flying Swing opened at 'Headlands Thrills', the former name of the area 'Marine World'. This ride will be closed down soon due to increasing maintenance cost and will be transformed into a yoga activities space.
Ferris Wheel	Ferris Wheel	1994	Marine World	Chance Rides	Unaccompanied: 1.52m (4 ft 12 in)	Operating; Closing soon	A Chance Rides Ferris Wheel. This ride will be closed down soon due to increasing maintenance cost and will be transformed into a yoga activities space.
Crazy Galleon	Pirate Ship	1984	Marine World	HUSS	1.22m (~4 ft)	Operating; Closing soon	The oldest flat ride still standing in the park (excluding other attractions). This ride will be closed down soon due to increasing maintenance cost and will be transformed into a yoga activities space.

Transport Rides

Name	Type	Opened	Territory	Additional Information
Monorail (Scrapped)	Monorail	2024/25	Ocean Plaza; Azure Bay	It was proposed in the park's expansion plan but is scrapped due to high cost along with over 30 rides that were planned to be added or refurbished.
Ocean Express	Underground Train	2009	Aqua City; Rainforest	An Ocean themed train ride that transports guests to the other side of the park within just 4 minutes. Screens and special effects are in place during the ride.
Shuttle Bus	Shuttle Bus	1977	Aqua City; Polar Adventure	Only in place if one of the main transportation rides (Cable Car and Ocean Express) is closed.
Cable Car	Cable Car	1977	Aqua City (Old Hong Kong); Marine World	One of the Park's most famous attractions. Transports guests between the two tiers of the park (The Waterfront and The Summit).

The Summit

Marine World

This area was formerly known as two distinct areas: Marine Land and Headlands Rides.

• Pacific Pier – Mimics the rocky habitat of harbour seals and California sea lions on the Northern Californian coast.
• Chinese Sturgeon Aquarium – Yangtze River Exploration – The 3,500 square-metre freshwater aquarium houses Chinese sturgeons along with other native species of the Yangtze River, closed in 2019.
• Ocean Park Tower, Closing soon
• Sea Jelly Spectacular – Opened in 2006. Southeast Asia's first standalone sea jelly exhibit.
• The Dragon – Arrow Dynamics Custom Looper, first rollercoaster to feature a Sidewinder., closed in February 2021.
• The Abyss – A turbo drop ride, closed since 31/8/2021.
• Flying Swing, closing soon.
• Wild Twister – A Mondial Ventura
• Crazy Galleon – A Huss Pirate ship, closing soon.
• Ferris Wheel, closing soon.
• Marine World Games Zone
• Garden of Joy

Thrill Mountain

Thrill Mountain was opened in December 2011. It is a carnival-themed area of 222,800 square feet. It offers five rides, eight booth games, as well as food, beverages, and merchandise.

• Hair Raiser – A floorless rollercoaster built by B&M with four inversions.
• Whirly Bird – A chair swing ride that soars 30 meters into the air
• Bumper Blaster – Bumper cars that can carry two in each car
• Rev Booster - A spinner ride
• The Flash - A swing ride that goes upside down, with its top speed being 60 km/h, at a height of 22m up into the air
• Bungee Trampoline – A trampoline that allows visitors to jump really high while strapped in bungee harnesses

Polar Adventure

Polar Adventure was opened on 13 July 2012, featuring the North Pole Encounter, South Pole Spectacular and Arctic Fox Den, as well as the Arctic Blast roller coaster.

The attraction's carbon footprint is reduced through environmental technology including a ventilation system that recycles residual cool air to cool down the Life Support System (LSS) and plant room area before being discharged, which it is claimed cut electricity consumption by a third.

• Arctic Blast – A steel "roller coaster" located in the Polar Adventure with various dips and side turns. It is suitable for the whole family.[21]
• North Pole Encounter – visitors can meet Pacific walruses and spotted seals, and other animals from the North Pole including Steller sea lions and snowy owls. The animals can also be viewed via an underwater tunnel.
• South Pole Spectacular – It is home to three penguin species: king penguins, southern rockhopper penguins and gentoo penguins. The viewing chamber, glass-panelled floors, walkways and balconies overlooking the water allow visitors to see the penguins from different angles.
• Arctic Fox Den – visitors can see Arctic foxes here to learn about their behaviour and the impact of humans on their habitat.

The Rainforest

The Rainforest was opened on 14 June 2011. Dozens of avian, terrestrial and aquatic animals living inside buttress roots accompany visitors on their immersive exploration of biodiversity. You will Get Wet on This ride, as water guns and sudden drops can and will soak you.

• The Rapids – A family river rapids ride along a rushing river that surrounds the themed zone.
• Expedition Trail – A walk-through rainforest exhibits where, visitors can meet some of the world's most striking tropical species, including Linnaeus's two-toed sloths, kinkajous, capybaras, toco toucans, green anacondas and more.
• Rainforest Why Zone – Trainers explain about rainforest animals in the wild and in captivity.

The Waterfront

Aqua City

Aqua City was opened on 26 January 2011 and occupies around 200.000 square feet. It features:

• Grand Aquarium – Inside the Grand Aquarium, visitors can get up close to some 5,000 fish from over 400 species, such as the scalloped hammerhead and reef manta ray. Strolling through the Reef Tunnel and Panoramic Ocean Gallery, visitors can see the world's largest viewing dome in an aquarium, at 5.5 metres in diameter, and a 13-metre acrylic viewing panel, one of the largest in the world. It also features the world's first and only 360° water screen show Symbio! and Hong Kong's only restaurant inside an aquarium.
• Sea Life Carousel – Hong Kong's largest carousel, 15.1 metres across, with 61 carriers in 13 different designs inspired by endangered sea animals, holding up to 81 passengers.
• Old Hong Kong – Offers an immersive experience of culture, history, and delicacies of Hong Kong between the 1950s and the 1970s. It features a replica of Edinburgh Place Ferry Pier's clock tower and its signature toll, a manually retrofitted heritage tramcar and rows of tong lau-style apartment buildings. Visitors can also try more than 70 types of local street food and beverage that evoke the flavour of old Hong Kong. The area also provides a wide array of classic booth games.
• Waterfront Plaza – Features a lively carnival setting with a rotating mix of shows, magic and other acts performed by clowns, acrobats and jugglers. This area sets the backdrop for many of Ocean Park's festive events.

Amazing Asian Animals

• Giant Panda Adventure – A purpose-built habitat that houses two rare giant pandas - Ying Ying and Le Le, as well as red pandas. It also houses the critically endangered Chinese giant salamander.
• Panda Village – displays Asian small-clawed otters and a variety of Asian bird life in a woodland setting.
• Gator Marsh – A wetland setting, featuring endangered Chinese alligators from the Yangtze River.
• Goldfish Treasures – A goldfish pavilion featuring the latest and rarest varieties such as the Black Oranda and Blue Phoenix Eggfish. Explains the history and importance of the goldfish in Chinese culture.
• Hong Kong Jockey Club Sichuan Treasures – Home to one of Ocean Park's giant pandas, An An, and two golden snub-nosed monkeys, Le Le and Qi Qi, from Sichuan. Le Le and Qi Qi's offspring, Lokie (born 2017), is the first golden monkey born in Hong Kong and also resides there. The exhibit also acts as a resource centre on the care and conservation of this species. Jia Jia also once lived there until its death.
• Emerald Trail – A verdant garden featuring natural settings with flowers, tall trees, stone bridges and gentle pools.

Whiskers Harbour

Whiskers Harbour, previously called Kid's World, features attractions for younger children, over an area 14,200 square metres.

• Balloon Up-up-and-away – A hot air balloon-themed Ferris wheel for very young visitors.
• Clown a Round – This merry-go-round has clown cars for younger kids to whirl around in.
• Frog Hopper – A kid's version of a thrill ride. Young visitors strap into the mechanised 'frog', hop high into the air and land back on their feet.
• Merry-go-round – A classic children's merry-go-round with gilded fairytale horses.
• Bouncer House – An inflatable, fully padded, covered house for children to bounce around in.
• Whiskers Harbour Playground – A safe, child- (and parent)-friendly haven for kids to run around and explore slides, see-saws, tunnels and jungle gyms.
• Interactive Shadow Play – Kids get to play simple spelling and skill games on interactive multimedia screens. Correct answers are rewarded with audiovisual presentations.
• Animal Story Corner – Children can explore interactive educational displays about different land, air and sea animals, and what makes each of them distinct.
• Whiskers Harbour Games Zone – The area offers over twenty classic arcade games.
• Toto the Loco – A small train that takes young visitors through a mini forest to meet clowns playing accordions, cellos and violins.
• Little Meerkat and Giant Tortoise Adventure - A newly opened display that shows meerkats and Aldabra giant tortoises in a theme of the African Savannah

Former attractions

Former attractions of Ocean Park include:

• Atoll Reef. It was located in Marine Land (now Marine World. Closed in early 2011 after 34 years of operation, many of the animals were transferred to the new Grand Aquarium.[22] It was converted into Shark Mystique, which houses several species of sharks.
• Middle Kingdom. Opened in 1990, this area featured traditional Chinese culture and heritage along with buildings resembling traditional Chinese buildings. It closed in 2001,[23][24] but the Middle Kingdom Restaurant was in operation until 2007.
• The Bird Paradise area, located in Tai Sue Wan near Adventure Land, closed down in 2013. It contained The Aviaries and Flamingo Pond. Plans are underway to redevelop this area into Water World.[25]
• Space Wheel: A HUSS Enterprise. Formerly located in the Adventure Land section of the park.

Shows

Star Explorers Club

Located in Bambooz Zone, Star Explorers Club showcases various animals. Show Times: Weekends & Holidays 1:30pm, 3:30pm

Marine Mammal Caretaking Workshop

Located in the Ocean Theatre, the show provides visitors with more opportunities to close encounter dolphins and sea lions, get to know their daily lives and conservation tips. Show Tiemes: Weekdays: 12pm, 3:30pm, 5pm / Weekends & Holidays; 11:30am, 2pm, 3:30pm, 5:30pm

Animals

Ocean Park holds over 12,000 animals and highlights its educational and scientific research programmes, alongside the animal displays and entertainment.[26]

The Park has had success breeding rare shark species, Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins, sea lions, seahorses, penguins, green anacondas, red-handed tamarins, pygmy marmosets and several species of sea jellies. Endangered birds and butterflies are also hatched and reared at Ocean Park.

Giant pandas

A pair of giant pandas, a male named An An (安安) and a female called Jia Jia (佳佳), were given to Ocean Park by China in 1999. The pair were given permanent homes in the 'Hong Kong Jockey Club Sichuan Treasures' area. In 2007, two more pandas were given to Hong Kong to mark the 10th anniversary of Hong Kong's return to Chinese sovereignty. The pair of two-year-old pandas, a male called Le Le (樂樂) and a female named Ying Ying (盈盈), arrived at Ocean Park from the China Conservation and Research Centre in Wolong in Sichuan province. After quarantine, they made their first public appearance in Giant Panda Adventure on 1 July 2007.[27] A new compound was prepared at the park to house them on their arrival. In 2019, Ocean Park said that they were thinking if 14-year-old panda pair Le Le and Ying Ying didn't give birth to a cub some time later, Ocean Park will send them back to the Wolong National Nature Reserve or back into the wild of Sichuan. In August 2015, Jia Jia became the oldest breeding panda in the world at the age of 37. Sadly, Jia Jia began to suffer the effects of advanced aging in October 2016, refusing most food and fluids and rapidly losing weight. On 16 October, after having been found unable to walk, her vets decided to euthanize her. Then age 38 (114 in panda years), she was sometimes billed as the oldest panda in the world. She was definitely known to be the oldest panda in captivity. Although there is no such certain data regarding pandas in the wild, their life expectancy in the wild is 15 to 20 years, giving the claim a good likelihood of being correct.[28]

Dolphins

The Park's Marine Mammal Breeding and Research Centre houses nine Indo-Pacific bottlenose dolphins. In July 2009, Domino and Dumisa, two dolphins from Bayworld in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, arrived at Ocean Park. The dolphins, a father and daughter pair, were separated to ensure that they do not mate with each other. They formed part of Ocean Park's breeding programme.[29] In May 2001, two of Ocean Park's female dolphins, Ada and Gina, each delivered a healthy calf, a female and male respectively, the world's first two bottlenose dolphin calves as a result of artificial insemination. This marked an important development in reproductive physiology and controlled breeding of marine mammals.

Killer whale – Miss Hoi Wai

Hoi Wai was a female killer whale, captured near Iceland in 1977 and kept at Ocean Park from January 1979 to April 1997.[30][31] Miss Hoi Wai was about 5 metres (16 ft) long and weighed about 1,800 kilograms (4,000 lb).[32] She died from an emergency intestine infected wound in 1997. In Hong Kong, Miss Hoi Wai (海威小姐) is still considered an icon and celebrity to this day. She was kept with Prince, a male killer whale who lived at the park from April 1989 until his death in July 1991. They produced no offspring.

Chinese sturgeon

The Chinese sturgeon were introduced to the park in 2008, and as at 2013, Ocean Park houses nine Chinese sturgeons, displayed in Chinese Sturgeon Aquarium – Yangtze Exploration. To mark China's hosting the Olympic Games, the Chinese Central Government made a gift of five rare Chinese sturgeon, symbolising the five Olympic rings, with Ocean Park as the recipient. Two were bred by the Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute and three by the Beijing Aquarium. The fish made their debut on 20 June 2008.[33] However one of them died after a few days, apparently bitten by a barracuda. On 14 July 2008, it was announced that Hong Kong would receive another five sturgeon from the Chinese National Aquatic Wildlife Conservation Association in time for 8 August opening ceremony, to complement the four fish already in situ. The park's management opted to evict its sharks from their aquarium in favour of the new arrivals.[34] On 12 December 2008, a second sturgeon died from an infection. A third one died from an injury and two nine-year-old sturgeon were found to be ill in January 2009. The two sick fish, measuring 2.3m and 1.5m, were returned to the Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute for expert care.[35] Ocean's Park returned to mainland China the last batch of six Chinese sturgeon in December 2019.[36]

Animal encounter programmes

Ocean Park runs a series of programmes called "Get Closer to the Animals" which offer supervised access to its resident animals, from swimming with dolphins to learning to be a panda keeper. Holders of a diving certificate can even enter the Grand Aquarium, while an overnight camp within its dome offers a drier way to view the underwater world. There are behind-the-scenes tours of many facilities, often including the chance to get close to animals such as penguins, seals and other polar animals.

Animal mascots

Ocean Park introduced a waving sailor sea lion named Whiskers (known as Wai Wai in Chinese) as its major mascot in 2000. Subsequent members of the Ocean Park 'family' include James Fin (a shark), Jewel (a butterfly, now retired), Swift (a dolphin), Chief (a parrot), Professor (a turtle), Later Gator (a crocodile), Fluffi (an Arctic fox), Redd (a red panda), Goldie (a goldfish), Tux (a penguin), Doug (a rockhopper penguin), and four giant pandas: An An, Jia Jia, Le Le and Ying Ying.

Internal transport

Ocean Park features a 1.5-kilometre (0.93 mi) long cable car system connecting the Waterfront and the Summit in an eight-minute journey, with the views of the South China Sea. It has a capacity of 4,000 passengers per hour with 252 cable cars on two pairs of ropeways. Each car can hold six passengers.[37][38][39][40]

Hong Kong's second-longest outdoor escalator system, at 225 metres long provides the main link between facilities at Tai Shue Wan and the Summit.[41] (The longest system is the Central–Mid-Levels escalators).

The "Ocean Express" funicular railway system between the Summit and the Waterfront can carry 5,000 people per hour on its three-minute journey. This themed ride uses multimedia effects to simulate the feeling of travelling into the depths of the sea.

Access

Mass Transit Railway

Ocean Park station on the South Island line is located adjacent the main entrance of the park. The station opened on 28 December 2016 and connects Ocean Park directly to Hong Kong's MTR system, from Admiralty station.

Bus

The Citybus Ocean Park Express (Route 629) used to provide departures from Central Piers to Ocean Park only. This route has since stopped its regular service due to a decline in passenger numbers.

Passengers may use any of the Aberdeen Tunnel bus routes and walk to the park from the Aberdeen Tunnel Toll Plaza bus stop.

Car

The venue is also accessible by taxi, private hire car or personal car. The park provides some car park spaces close to the main entrance, however, the car park can be busy during peak times. Road access is via Route 1 (Aberdeen Tunnel) from central and eastern districts of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, New Territories or Pok Fu Lam Road from western districts.

Conservation

Ocean Park conducts education and research into animal conservation, by operating observatories, laboratories, an education department, and the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, Hong Kong (OPCFHK), a fund that advocates, facilitates and participates in the conservation of wildlife and habitats, with an emphasis on Asia, through research and education. In 2013/2014, the foundation funded 44 conservation projects, covering 30 species in 12 countries with a total of HK$13 million (out of the Park's total turnover of HK$2 billion), a sharp increase over funding a few years earlier. The foundation was formed in 2005 from the merger of two earlier organisations, the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation (OPCF), founded 1993, and the Hong Kong Society for Panda Conservation (HKSPC), founded 1999.

Ocean Park Hong Kong was the first institution in the world to successfully artificially inseminate bottlenose dolphins, and has developed several new breeds of goldfish.

Since 2006, OPCFHK has collaborated with the Hong Kong Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department to handle cetacean stranding cases within Hong Kong waters. After the 2008 earthquake in Sichuan, OPCFHK established a Giant Panda Base Rebuilding Fund and donated equipment to the affected nature reserves.

Ocean Park has created education programmes, such as the Ocean Park Academy (OPA), begun in 2004, through which the Park runs educational tours for schoolchildren and workshops for teachers from the Hong Kong Institute of Education. Every year, the Park offers over 35 core courses for around 46,000 students on six big topics: giant pandas and red pandas, dolphins and sea lions, birds, fishes, plants, and mechanical rides.

The Marine Mammal Breeding and Research Centre set up by Ocean Park serves as a centre to house nine dolphins and conduct research on the breeding of dolphins. It is divided into 6 separate activity zones, and provides behavioural training and basic husbandry to the dolphins. It also plays a part in research work on the echolocation capabilities of dolphins. For five weeks in 2013, the centre was open for public visits.

Criticism

Ocean Park has been criticised by wildlife advocates for certain practices including the wild capture of large sea animals, such as dolphins and orca, and the presentation of shows featuring such animals performing. Opponents have highlighted their views on international "Empty the Tanks" day – a non-violent multinational demonstration that aims to end the capture and sale of wild dolphins to marine parks, where the creatures are said to die younger and breed much less. There is concern for the psychological state of the mammals alongside their physiological needs. And the advocates say it sends the wrong message, not only to visitors but also to marine parks in mainland China, which, if they copied the Park's practices, could have a significant impact on wild populations.[10][11]

Ocean Park has posted HK$31.8 million deficit in the financial year ending 30 June 2021, despite receiving HK$1.45 billion government funding.[42]

Major annual events

Ocean Park hosts six major events throughout the year: an Kidsfest, Animal in High Definition Month, the Ocean Park Summer Splash, the Halloween Bash and Christmas and Chinese New Year celebrations.

Halloween Bash

Since 2008, the Park has held a popular annual Halloween Bash through the month of October. Themes such as "Fear Formula" and "Haunted Hong Kong" provide modern twists on the traditional halloween rituals, including various attractions and activities.

Animal in High Definition Month

The Animal in High Definition Months enable visitors to encounter a variety of rare animals up close, with educational experts on hand to disseminate information about these creatures. The Animal in High Definition Month for 2010 had a reptile theme called, "Mighty Dragons". In 2012, the event let visitors explore Chinese national treasures, featuring the display of two Sichuan golden monkeys.

Ocean Park Summer Splash

The event is held each summer, with visitors partaking in various wet and wild thrills, including water games and water slides.

Christmas Sensation

Christmas themed celebrations held from December to January every year.

Chinese New Year Fiesta

Chinese New Year celebration events are held around January to February every year. The celebration usually features lantern displays, God of Fortune visits, lion and dragon dances. In 2013, the CNY Fiesta featured a 12-metre spinning lantern, as well as a traditional Chinese drum show.

Kidsfest

Attendance

Worldwide rank	Year	Number of visitors	Net change	% Change
-	2002	3,400,000	+442,000	+13
-	2003	2,900,000	−500,000	-17.2
-	2004	3,700,000	+800,000	+27.6
-	2005	4,030,000	+330,000	+8.9
-	2006	4,380,000	+350,000	+8.7
16	2007	4,920,000[43]	+540,000	+12.3
15	2008	5,030,000[44]	+110,000	+2.2
14	2009	4,800,000[45]	-230,000	-4.6
17	2010	5,404,000[46]	+604,000	+12.6
11	2011	6,955,000[47]	+1,551,000	+28.7
14	2012	7,436,000[citation needed]	+481,000	+6.9
12	2013	7,475,000 [48]	+39,000	+0.5
13	2014	7,792,000[49]	+317,000	+4.2
15	2015	7,387,000[50]	-405,000	-5.2
18	2016	5,996,000[51]	-1,391,000	-18.8
20	2017	5,800,000[52]	-196,000	-3.3
20	2018	5,800,000[53]	0	0
20	2019	5,700,000[54]	-100,000	-7
21	2020	2,200,000[55]	-3,500,000	-61.4

Awards

The park has won several awards, including The World's Seventh Most Popular Amusement Park and one of the "50 Most Visited Tourist Attractions in the world" by Forbes. In November 2012, Ocean Park became the first theme park in Asia to win the Applause Award from the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions. Also, one of their pandas Jia Jia (giant panda) won a spot in the guinness book of world records for reaching the highest age of pandas in captivity.[9][56][57]

Incidents

• On 5 December 2010, seven tourists were injured when a train driver triggered the emergency braking system by mistake on the Ocean Express tunnel railway. Ocean Park was required to install caps over the emergency brake button for their trains before reopening.
• On 10 April 2014, a 50-year-old man on holiday from Hubei, China, fell to his death as he was sitting on a railing. He lost balance and fell 11 metres down from the area known as The Summit.[58] Police said an initial investigation found nothing suspicious and indicated it was an accident.
• On 16 September 2017, a 21-year-old man died inside Ocean Park's 2017 Halloween attraction called "Buried Alive", where guests lie in a coffin until the bottom drops out, sending them down a slide. The man had accidentally entered a staff-only area, and was hit on the head by the coffin bottom. The man was sent to Ruttonjee Hospital and certified dead. Legislators and industry experts questioned why the dangerous restricted area was not locked and marked clearly with warning signage.[59][60]

See also

• Amusement parks in Hong Kong
• Allan Zeman, Chairman of Ocean Park from July 2003 to June 2014
• Tourism in Hong Kong
• Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens
• Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden

References

External links

• Official website
• 40 years passed on Documentary by RTHK
• Media related to Ocean Park, Hong Kong (category) at Wikimedia Commons
• Geographic data related to Ocean Park Hong Kong at OpenStreetMap

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