bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Search / Calendar

Sciadopitys verticillata, the kōyamaki or Japanese umbrella-pine, is a unique conifer endemic to Japan. It is the sole member of the family Sciadopityaceae and genus Sciadopitys, a living fossil with no close relatives. The oldest fossils of Sciadopitys are from the Late Cretaceous of Japan, and the genus was widespread in Laurasia during most of the Cenozoic, especially in Europe until the Pliocene.[2]

"Umbrella pine" redirects here. For the Mediterranean tree species less commonly referred to by this name, see Pinus pinea.

Sciadopitys
Temporal range: Late Cretaceous–Recent
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Sciadopitys verticillata
Conservation status

Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnosperms
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Sciadopityaceae
Luerss.
Genus: Sciadopitys
Siebold & Zucc.
Species:
S. verticillata
Binomial name
Sciadopitys verticillata
Synonyms
  • Pinus verticillata (Thunb.) Siebold
  • Podocarpus verticillatus (Thunb.) Jacques
  • Taxus verticillata Thunb. 1784

Taxonomy


Molecular evidence indicates that Sciadopityaceae is the sister group to a clade comprising Taxaceae and Cupressaceae, and has an extremely ancient divergence, having diverged from the rest of the conifers during the early mid-Permian; this would also make it a survivor of the Permian–Triassic extinction event.[3]

There is inconsistent evidence regarding the plant family which produced Baltic amber. Both macrofossil and microfossil evidence suggest a Pinus relative, whereas chemical and infrared microspectroscopy evidence suggest relatives of either Agathis or Sciadopitys.[4][5]


Etymology


The genus name Sciadopitys comes from Greek sciádos (σκιάδος) meaning 'umbrella' and pitys (πίτυς) meaning 'pine'.[6] The species name verticillata is a descriptive epithet meaning 'whorled'.


Description


Sciadopitys verticillata from Flore des serres et des jardins de l'Europe
Sciadopitys verticillata from "Flore des serres et des jardins de l'Europe"

It is an evergreen tree that can grow 15–27 m tall, with brown main shoots bearing whorls of 7–12 cm long flexible green cladodes that look like, and perform the function of, leaves, but are actually composed of stem tissues. The cones are 6–11 cm long, mature in about 18 months, with flattish scales that open to release the seeds.[citation needed]


History


The plant was first introduced to the UK by John Gould Veitch in September 1860.[7] Considered attractive, this tree is popular in gardens, despite its slow growth rate. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[8][9]

A stylized representation of the tree (known in Japanese as kōyamaki) was chosen as the Japanese Imperial crest for the Akishino branch of the Imperial Family.




References


  1. Katsuki, T.; Luscombe, D.; Farjon, A. (2013). "Sciadopitys verticillata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T34111A2846623. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T34111A2846623.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. Hofmann, Christa-Ch.; Odgerel, Nyamsambuu; Seyfullah, Leyla J. (2021). "The occurrence of pollen of Sciadopityaceae Luerss. through time". Fossil Imprint. 77 (2): 271–281. doi:10.37520/fi.2021.019. ISSN 2533-4069.
  3. Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu (August 2021). "Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms". Nature Plants. 7 (8): 1015–1025. doi:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4. ISSN 2055-0278.
  4. Wolfe, A. P.; Tappert, R.; Muehlenbachs, K.; Boudreau, M.; McKellar, R. C.; Basinger, J. F.; Garrett, A. (2009). "A New Proposal Concerning the Botanical Origin of Baltic Amber". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 276 (1672): 3403–3412. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0806. PMC 2817186. PMID 19570786.
  5. Weitschat, W.; Wichard, W. (2010). "Chapter 6: Baltic amber". In Penney, D. (ed.). Biodiversity of Fossils in Amber from the Major World Deposits. Siri Scientific Press. pp. 80–115. ISBN 978-0-9558636-4-6.
  6. Wilhelm Miller (1900). Cyclopedia of American Horticulture: R-Z. New York: Macmillan. p. 1628.
  7. James Herbert Veitch (2006). Hortus Veitchii (reprint ed.). Caradoc Doy. pp. 51–52. ISBN 0-9553515-0-2.
  8. "RHS Plantfinder - Sciadopitys verticillata". Retrieved 6 November 2018.
  9. "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 96. Retrieved 6 November 2018.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sciadopitys verticillata.
Wikispecies has information related to Sciadopitys.

На других языках

- [en] Sciadopitys

[ru] Сциадопитис

Сциадопитис или японская зонтичная пихта[1] (лат. Sciadopitys, от др.-греч. σκιάς «навес» и πίτυς «пиния») — монотипный род монотипного семейства Сциадопитисовые (Sciadopityaceae)[2]. Единственный вид — Сциадопитис мутовчатый (Sciadopitys verticillata). Растение примечательно уникальностью своей хвои.


Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии