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Myristica fragrans is an evergreen tree indigenous to the Maluku Islands of Indonesia. It is important as the main source of the spices nutmeg and mace.[3] It is widely grown across the tropics including Guangdong and Yunnan in China, Taiwan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Grenada in the Caribbean, Kerala in India, Sri Lanka and South America.[3][4]

Myristica fragrans
Conservation status
Data Deficient  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Magnoliids
Order:	Magnoliales
Family:	Myristicaceae
Genus:	Myristica
Species:	M. fragrans
Binomial name
Myristica fragrans Houtt.[2]

Description

Myristica fragrans is an evergreen tree, usually 5–15 m (16–49 ft) tall, but occasionally reaching 20 m (66 ft) or even 30 m (98 ft) on Tidore. The alternately arranged leaves are dark green, 5–15 cm (2.0–5.9 in) long by 2–7 cm (0.8–2.8 in) wide with petioles about 1 cm (0.4 in) long. The species is dioecious, i.e. "male" or staminate flowers and "female" or carpellate flowers are borne on different plants, although occasional individuals produce both kinds of flower. The flowers are bell-shaped, pale yellow and somewhat waxy and fleshy. Staminate flowers are arranged in groups of one to ten, each 5–7 mm (0.2–0.3 in) long; carpellate flowers are in smaller groups, one to three, and somewhat longer, up to 10 mm (0.4 in) long.[5]

Carpellate trees produce smooth yellow ovoid or pear-shaped fruits, 6–9 cm (2.4–3.5 in) long with a diameter of 3.5–5 cm (1.4–2.0 in). The fruit has a fleshy husk. When ripe the husk splits into two halves along a ridge running the length of the fruit. Inside is a purple-brown shiny seed, 2–3 cm (0.8–1.2 in) long by about 2 cm (0.8 in) across, with a red or crimson covering (an aril). The seed is the source of nutmeg, the aril the source of mace.[3][5]

Taxonomy

Myristica fragrans was given a binomial name by the Dutch botanist Maartyn Houttuyn in 1774. It had earlier been described by Georg Eberhard Rumphius, among others.[6] The specific epithet fragrans means "fragrant".[7]

References

На других языках

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[de] Muskatnussbaum

Der Muskatnussbaum (bundesdeutsches Hochdeutsch: [.mw-parser-output .IPA a{text-decoration:none}mʊsˈkaːt]-, österreichisches Hochdeutsch: [ˈmʊskat]-; Myristica fragrans) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Muskatnussgewächse (Myristicaceae). Sein Samen, die Muskatnuss, und dessen Samenmantel Macis werden als Gewürze (Muskat bzw. Macis) verwendet.

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- [en] Myristica fragrans

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[es] Myristica fragrans

La mirística[1] o árbol de la nuez moscada (Myristica) es una especie de árbol perennifolio de la familia de las Myristicaceae procedente de las Islas de las Especias (en la actualidad las Islas Molucas en Indonesia). Es importante como la principal fuente de las especias de nuez moscada y el macis o cáscara.[2] Se cultiva ampliamente en todo el trópico incluyendo Guangdong y Yunnan en China, Taiwán, Indonesia, Malasia, Granada en el Caribe, Kerala en la India, Sri Lanka y en Sudamérica.[2]

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[it] Myristica fragrans

Myristica fragrans Houtt è un albero della famiglia Myristicaceae originario delle isole Molucche (Indonesia)[2] e oggi coltivato nelle zone intertropicali.

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[ru] Мускатник душистый

Мускатник душистый, или Мускатный орех (лат. Myristica fragrans) — вечнозелёное дерево, вид рода Мускатник (Myristica) семейства Мускатниковые (Myristicaceae).

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