Lupinus albifrons, silver lupine, white-leaf bush lupine, or evergreen lupine, is a species of lupine (lupin). It is native to California and Oregon, where it grows along the coast and in dry and open meadows, prairies and forest clearings. It is a member of several plant communities, including coastal sage scrub, chaparral, northern coastal scrub, foothill woodland, and yellow pine forest.

Lupinus albifrons
Conservation status
Secure  (NatureServe)[1][2]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Genus:	Lupinus
Species:	L. albifrons
Binomial name
Lupinus albifrons Benth.

Description

Lupinus albifrons is a perennial shrub, taking up about 2 ft (0.61 m) of space and reaching 5 ft (1.5 m). It has a light blue to violet flower on 3–12 inches (7.6–30.5 cm) stalks. The leaves are silver with a feathery texture.[3] It grows in sandy to rocky places below 5,000 feet (1,500 m).[4]

Cultivation

This plant grows as a wildflower in the hills and valleys of California. It requires good drainage and needs little water once the roots are established.

Toxicity to livestock

The plant is deer-resistant due to the presence of the bitter-tasting alkaloid toxins anagyrine and lupinine.[5] Because of these toxins lupines can negatively affect livestock, causing birth defects and decreasing weight especially in young, inexperienced cattle.[5] When cows are under stress from lactating, especially in times of low forage availability, they will consume more lupine than usual.[5]

Mission blue butterfly

The federally endangered mission blue butterfly requires either Lupinus albifrons, Lupinus formosus and Lupinus variicolor, on which their larvae feed.[6] The butterfly becomes toxic itself when it feeds on the plant, leaving it with a bitter taste to deter predators.

Due to its potential danger to livestock, this lupine is removed from rangeland when possible, eliminating a crucial food plant from the butterfly's range^{[citation needed]}.

Infraspecific taxa

Lupinus albifrons has five different varieties, three of which occur only in California, the other two occur in both California and Oregon:[7]

• Lupinus albifrons var. albifrons, silver lupine
• Lupinus albifrons var. collinus, silver lupine
• Lupinus albifrons var. douglasii, Douglas' silver lupine
• Lupinus albifrons var. eminens, silver lupine
• Lupinus albifrons var. flumineus, silver lupine.

Photos

A lupine seedling at the site of a 2004 California wildfire

Blooming silver lupine

See also

• California chaparral and woodlands
• California coastal sage and chaparral ecoregion

References

External links

• Jepson Manual Treatment - Lupinus albifrons
• CalFlora - Lupinus albifrons
• Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center
• Golden Gate National Recreation Area
• Lupinus albifrons - Photo gallery

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lupinus albifrons.