This is a list of genera in the soapberry family, Sapindaceae, which includes the soapberries (Sapindus), maples (Acer), and paullinias, amongst others. As currently circumscribed, the family contains approximatively 1900 species into over 140 genera classified into 4 subfamilies.[1]
The fruits of Sapindus saponaria, western or wingleaf soapberry, give the family its vernacular name.
Phylogeny and circumscription
The circumscription of Sapindaceae encompasses the former Aceraceae and Hippocastanaceae families as tribes in subfamily Hippocastanoideae. Although the classification at subfamilial level is fairly well-established, the circumscription at tribal and generic level remains only partially resolved, especially in the larger subfamily Sapindoideae, which has led the most recent revision to treat the majority of these genera without placing them in a tribe.[1] Another recent study hints at even more incongruity between traditional circumscription and molecular evidence.[2]
Changes have included the synonymization of Distichostemon with Dodonaea,[3] and Neotina and Tinopsis with Tina.[4] Additionally, not all authors agree about the broad circumscription that ensues from placing Xanthoceras as the sister group to the three traditional families as the resulting Sapindaceae sensu lato, unlike the traditional families, is difficult to characterize.[1][5] As a result, the elevation of Xanthoceroideae to family level was proposed, which would have removed six genera from Sapindaceae and Hippocastanoideae.[5]
This list follows Acevedo-Rodríguez et al.[1] as modified by more recent research.[3][4][6][7][8][9]
Subfamily Dodonaeoideae
Arfeuillea[N 1] Radlkofer (1 Species; Thailand and Laos)
Averrhoidium Baill.[10] (4 Species; Mexico, Tropical South America)
CossiniaComm. ex Lam.[11] (3; Mauritius, New Caledonia)
The genus might not be distinct from Majidea (Acevedo-Rodríguez et al., 2011, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl.10:375)
Because its fruit has not been described in the literature, this genus' tribal placement is not entirely clear (Acevedo-Rodríguez et al., 2011, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl.10:378).
A replacement name for Radlkofer's own Euphoriopsis (Actes Congr. Bot. Amsterdam 1877:128, 1877) which was preoccupied by a genus of fossil Sapindaceae named by Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo (Sapind. Foss. Monogr.:12, 1852).
Thwaites had originally (Hooker's J. Bot. Kew Gard. Misc.6:65. 1854) named the genus Pterophyllum, but that name had already been applied by Siebold et Zuccarini to a genus of Papaveraceae in 1843 (Abh. Math.-Phys. Cl. Königl. Bayer. Akad. Wiss.3(3):719).
Not Hist. Pl. Remarq. Brésil:239: although the title page for that work gives the year of publication as 1824, the relevant part was not issued before late 1825 (Stafley & Cowan, Taxon. Lit., ed. 2 4:1067).
Saint-Hilaire originally described two species, now treated as one, but a generic type has yet to be defined.
The definition of species in the genus is a difficult matter, and species number have ranged from 250 to a single polymorphic one. Since the latter proposal by Pieter Willem Leenhouts (Blumea15(2):313. 1967), "no progress in an understanding of the systematic structure of Allophylus has been made" (Acevedo-Rodríguez et al., 2011, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl.10:380).
The paper was issued in two part, the first (pp. 358–368) was included with the November 1886 issue containing proceedings of the society's July meeting. the rest was published in March 1887 alongside the proceedings of the November meeting (Leussink, 1986, Taxon35(2):256).
Arnott published the name as Erythrophila, which Otto Wilhelm Sonder later (Fl. Cap.1:237, 1860) "corrected" to Erythrophysa. Nonetheless, the original spelling is correct under the ICBN (Vienna, 2005, art. 60); the need to conserved the corrected spelling was noted as early as 1962 (Verdcourt, J. Linn. Soc. London, Bot.58(372):201), but no formal proposal was published.
The first book was published in several edition, the in-octavo edition, vol. 3, p. 255 is often cited.
The Mantissa Plantarum (Mat. Pl.:125) is often also cited. This was a work published simultaneously as an appendix to volume 2 of the Systema Naturae's 12th and 13th editions. The link is to an online scan of the 13th edition (without the Mantissa), a page-for-page reprint done in Vienna missing only the third volume's errata. See Stafleu & Cowan (1981; Taxon. Lit.3:106–108) for further details and references.
According to Acevedo-Rodríguez et al. (2011, Fam. Gen. Vasc. Pl.10:396), the difference from Dimocarpus is "doubtful".
According to Stafleu & Cowan (1983; Taxon. Lit.4:273), different copies may be bound differently. Other sources cite "1894" as the year of publication.
This preprint eventually appeared as Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg Divers Savans2:75–147 (1835).
References
Acevedo-Rodríguez, P.; etal. (2011). "Sapindaceae". In Klaus Kubitzki (ed.). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol.10. Berlin: Springer. pp.357–407. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14397-7_17. ISBN978-3-642-14397-7.
Buerki, Sven; Forest, Félix; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro; etal. (2009). "Plastid and nuclear DNA markers reveal intricate relationships at subfamilial and tribal levels in the soapberry family (Sapindaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 51 (2): 238–258. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.01.012. hdl:10261/167004. PMID19405193.
Harrington, Mark G.; Gadek, Paul A. (2010). "Phylogenetics of hopbushes and pepperflowers (Dodonaea, Diplopeltis – Sapindaceae), based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and partial ETS sequences incorporating secondary-structure models". Australian Systematic Botany. 23 (6): 431–442. doi:10.1071/SB10002.
Buerki, Sven; Lowry, Porter P., II; Alvarez, Nadir; etal. (2010). "Phylogeny and circumscription of Sapindaceae revisited: molecular sequence data, morphology and biogeography support recognition of a new family, Xanthoceraceae". Plant Ecology and Evolution. 143 (2): 148–159. doi:10.5091/plecevo.2010.437. hdl:10261/27490.
Endlicher, Stephan, ed. (1837). Enumeratio plantarum quas in Novae Hollandiae ora austro-occidentali ad fluvium Cygnorumet in sinu Regis Georgii collegit Carolus Liber Baro de Hügel (in Latin). Vienna: Fr. Beck University. p.13.
Miller, Phillip (1754). The gardeners dictionary (4th abr.ed.). London: John and James Rivington.
(Because the pagination in the original work, when present at all, can be best described as idiosyncratic, only links are given here. A facsimile edition with continuous pagination exists.)
Radlkofer, L. (1925). "Euchorium, Sapindacearum genus novum". Repertorium Novarum Specierum Regni Vegetabilis (in Latin). 21 (8–20): 230–231. doi:10.1002/fedr.19250210805.
Radlkofer, L. (1879). "Ueber Cupania und damit verwandte Pflanzen". Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der K. B. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München (in German). 9: 457–678.
Erwin, D. M.; Stockey, R. A. (1990). "Sapindaceous flowers from the Middle Eocene Princeton chert (Allenby Formation) of British Columbia, Canada". Canadian Journal of Botany. 68 (9): 2025–2034. doi:10.1139/b90-265.
Radlkofer, L. (1878). "Ueber Sapindus und damit in Zusammenhang stehende Pflanzen". Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der K. B. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München (in German). 8: 221–408.
Hu, Hsien-Hu (1936). "Amesiodendron, a new genus of Sapindaceae from Southern China". Bulletin of the Fan Memorial Institute of Biology, Botany Series. 7: 207.
Capuron, R. (1969). Révision des Sapindacées de Madagascar et des Comores. Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, sér. B, Botanique, 19 (in French). Paris: Éditions du Muséum.
Van der Veken, P. (1960). "Blighiopsis, genre nouveau de Sapindacées du Congo". Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de l'État à Bruxelles (in French). 30 (4): 413–420. doi:10.2307/3667342. JSTOR3667342.
Miranda, F. (1953). "Plantas nuevas o notables de la flora de Chiapas". Anales del Instituto de Biología de la Universidad Nacional de México (in Spanish). 24: 69–96, 82.
Radlkofer, L. (1907). "Sapindaceae". Die Natürliche Pflanzenfamilien, Nachträge zum II.— IV. Teil (in German). Vol.3. Leipzig: W. Engelman. pp.202–209.
Adema, F.; van der Ham, R.W.J.M. (1993). "Cnesmocarpon (gen. nov.), Jagera, and Trichonachras (Sapindaceae–Cupanieae): Phylogeny and systematics". Blumea. 38: 173–215.
Schumacher, F.C. (1827). Beskrivelse af Guineeiske planter (in Danish). Copenhagen: kongelige danske Videnskabers Selskabs Skrifter. p.242.
Radlkofer, L.A.T. (1879). "Ueber die Sapindaceen Holländisch-Indiens". Actes du congrès international de botanistes, d'horticulteurs, de négociants et de fabricants de produits du règne végétal tenu à Amsterdam, 1877 (in German). Leide: A. W. Sijthoff. pp.70–133, 216–254.
Davies, F.G. (1997). "A New Genus Haplocoelopsis (Sapindaceae) from East and Central Africa". Kew Bulletin. 52 (1): 231–234. doi:10.2307/4117858. JSTOR4117858.
Turner, Hubert (1995). Cladistic and biogeographic analyses of Arytera Blume and Mischarytera gen. nov. (Sapindaceae) with notes on methodology and a full taxonomic revision. Blumea Supplement, 9. Leiden: Rijksherbarium, Leiden University. p.210. ISBN978-90-71236-27-3.
Linnaeus (1767). Systema Naturae (in Latin). Vol.2 (12thed.). Stockholm: Laurentii Salvii. p.623.
Radlkofer, L. (1890). "Ueber die Gliederung der Familie der Sapindaceen". Sitzungsberichte der Mathematisch-physikalischen Classe der K. B. Akademie der Wissenschaften zu München (in German). 20: 105–379.
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