bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Search / Calendar

Hibiscadelphus is a genus of flowering plants that are endemic to Hawaiʻi. It is known by the Native Hawaiians as hau kuahiwi which means "mountain Hibiscus". The Latin name Hibiscadelphus means "brother of Hibiscus". It is distinctive for its peculiar flowers, which do not fully open. Hibiscadelphus is in the family Malvaceae, subfamily Malvoideae. Several of the species in this small genus are presumed extinct.

Hibiscadelphus
Hibiscadelphus distans
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Malvaceae
Subfamily: Malvoideae
Tribe: Hibisceae
Genus: Hibiscadelphus
Rock, 1911

Description


Flower of Hibiscadelphus giffardianus, showing the unusual unopened flower
Flower of Hibiscadelphus giffardianus, showing the unusual "unopened" flower
Fruit of H. giffardianus
Fruit of H. giffardianus
Flower of H. x puakuahiwi, possibly the last tree. It has the large flowers of H. giffardianus but the yellow color of H. hualalaiensis.
Flower of H. x puakuahiwi, possibly the last tree. It has the large flowers of H. giffardianus but the yellow color of H. hualalaiensis.

Hibiscadelphus was first described by Austrian-American botanist Joseph Rock in 1911 on the basis of the species Hibiscadelphus giffardianus. Species in this genus are large shrubs or small trees, up to 7 metres (23 ft) tall, with nearly circular leaves. The genus is characterized by flowers that never open to the flat form of Hibiscus, but remain folded together in a tubular form. This is presumed to be an adaptation to pollination by honeycreepers. The fruits are rough capsules containing up to 15 hairy seeds.

The lateness of its discovery by western botanists indicates that Hibiscadelphus was already rare by the time Europeans arrived in Hawaiʻi. Four species - H. bombycinus, H. crucibracteatus, H. giffardianus, and H. wilderianus - were only ever known from a single individual in the wild. Today, four of the known species are extinct, two are extinct in the wild and persist only in cultivation, and only one (H. distans) has a small, highly endangered wild population. Although it has been suggested that poor pollination due to extinction of their honeycreeper pollinators is a factor, the abundant fruits and high germination rates of at least some species argues against this. The main reason is probably feeding on seeds by rats. This fits with a decline of the group that began long before the arrival of cats, mosquitoes, and avian malaria decimated honeycreeper populations, since the Polynesian rat arrived with the early Hawaiian settlers. The widespread destruction of dry forests, both before and after European contact, was also a major factor.


Hibiscadelphus species



References


  1. Wood, K.R. (2012). "Possible extinctions, rediscoveries, and new plant records within the Hawaiian Islands" (PDF). Bishop Museum Occasional Papers. Bishop Museum Press. 113: 91–102.
  2. Oppenheimer, Hank L. (2014). "A new species of Hibiscadelphus Rock (Malvaceae, Hibisceae) from Maui, Hawaiian Islands". PhytoKeys. Pensoft (39): 65–75. doi:10.3897/phytokeys.39.7371. PMC 4152892. PMID 25197226.
  3. "Extinct flower rediscovered in Hawaii, via drones". Environment. 2019-04-18. Retrieved 2019-04-18.



На других языках


- [en] Hibiscadelphus

[es] Hibiscadelphus

Hibiscadelphus es un género de plantas con flores de la familia Malvaceae, subfamilia Malvoideae endémico de Hawái. En Latín significa "hermano del hibisco". Se distingue por sus atractivas flores que no se abren enteramente.

[ru] Гибискадельфус

Гибискадельфус (лат. Hibiscadelphus) — очень редкий род растений семейства Мальвовые (Malvaceae), эндемичных для Гавайских островов. Традиционное гавайское название — хау-куахиви (гав. hau kuahiwi), что переводится как «горный гибискус».



Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии