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Crocosmia (/krəˈkɒzmiə, kroʊ-/;[2][3]), also known as montbretia,[4] is a small genus of flowering plants in the iris family, Iridaceae. It is native to the grasslands of southern and eastern Africa, ranging from South Africa to Sudan. One species is endemic to Madagascar.[1]

Montbretia redirects here. Montbretia is also a synonym for the plant genus Tritonia.

Crocosmia
Crocosmia aurea
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Subfamily: Crocoideae
Tribe: Freesieae
Genus: Crocosmia
Planch.
Type species
Crocosmia aurea
Synonyms[1]
  • Crocanthus Klotzsch ex Klatt name published without description
  • Curtonus N.E.Br.
Naturalized montbretia (escaped from its original garden location)
Naturalized montbretia (escaped from its original garden location)

Description


They can be evergreen or deciduous perennials that grow from basal underground corms. The alternate leaves are cauline and ensiform (sword shaped). The blades are parallel-veined. The margin is entire. The corms form in vertical chains with the youngest at the top and oldest and largest buried most deeply in the soil. The roots of the lowermost corm in a chain are contractile roots and drag the corm deeper into the ground where conditions allow. The chains of corms are fragile and easily separated, a quality that has enabled some species to become invasive and difficult to control in the garden.

They have colourful inflorescences of 4 to 20 vivid red and orange subopposite flowers on a divaricately (horizontally) branched stem. The terminal inflorescence can have the form of a cyme or a raceme. These flower from early summer well into fall. The flowers are sessile on a flexuose arched spike. The fertile flowers are hermaphroditic. All stamens have an equal length. The style branches are apically forked. They are pollinated by insects, birds (sunbirds) or by the wind. The dehiscent capsules are shorter than they are wide.

The alternative name montbretia is still widely used. The genus name is derived from the Greek words krokos, meaning "saffron", and osme, meaning "odor" – from the dried leaves emitting a strong smell like that of saffron (a spice derived from Crocus – another genus belonging to the Iridaceae) – when immersed in hot water.[5]


Species


Species accepted by World Checklist of Selected Plant Families[1]


Garden hybrids



Cultivation


Crocosmias are grown worldwide, and more than 400 cultivars have been produced. Some hybrids have become invasive, especially C. × crocosmiiflora hybrids, which are invasive in the UK,[7] Ireland,[8] Australia,[9] New Zealand,[10] [11][12] North Carolina,[13] and the West Coast of the United States.[14][15]

Crocosmia are winter-hardy in temperate regions. They can be propagated through division, removing offsets from the corm in spring.

The following cultivars have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit:

Other cultivars include:




References


  1. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. "Crocosmia". Dictionary.com Unabridged (Online). n.d. Retrieved 2016-01-23.
  3. "Crocosmia". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 2020-03-22.
  4. RHS A-Z encyclopedia of garden plants. United Kingdom: Dorling Kindersley. 2008. p. 1136. ISBN 978-1405332965.
  5. Manning, John; Goldblatt, Peter (2008). The Iris Family: Natural History & Classification. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 144–47. ISBN 978-0-88192-897-6.
  6. Missouri Botanical Gardens
  7. Montbretia Plantlife
  8. Wildly beautiful but caution should be taken with invasive plants Irish Examiner, 5 August 2017
  9. Weeds of Australia Queensland Government, 2016
  10. Common Weeds of New Zealand: Introduced and Invasive Species
  11. Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora (montbretia) CABI
  12. Weeds of New Zealand 2016
  13. Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora North Carolina State University
  14. Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora University of Georgia
  15. Crocosmia x crocosmiiflora California Invasive Plant Council
  16. "Crocosmia 'Hellfire'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  17. "RHS Plant Selector - Crocosmia 'Lucifer'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  18. "RHS Plant Selector - Crocosmia masoniorum". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  19. "Crocosmia 'Paul's Best Yellow'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  20. "RHS Plant Selector - Crocosmia 'Severn Sunrise'". Retrieved 15 April 2020.
  21. "Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Babylon'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  22. "RHS Plant Selector - Crocosmia × crocosmiiflora 'Star of the East' '". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.


Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crocosmia.

На других языках

- [en] Crocosmia

[es] Crocosmia

Crocosmia es un pequeño género de especies perennes y bulbosas de la familia de las iridáceas, nativas de los pastizales de la Provincia del Cabo en Sudáfrica. También se la encuentra en forma abundante a lo largo del Delta del Paraná, Tigre, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

[ru] Крокосмия

Крокосмия (лат. Crocosmia) — луковичное[источник не указан 1675 дней] растение из семейства ирисовых. Крокосмии естественно произрастают на юге Африки. В европейской садовой культуре крокосмии известны с XIX века. Название растения происходит от греческих слов «krokos» — «крокус, шафран» и «osme» — «запах», потому что засушенные цветы крокосмии напоминают по запаху шафран. Устаревшее название монтбреция (лат.  Montbretia), данное по имени французского ботаника Антуана Франсуа Эрнеста Кокбера де Монбре  (фр.) (рус., до сих пор употребляется в обиходе.


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