bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Brassica rapa is a plant species growing in various widely cultivated forms including the turnip (a root vegetable); napa cabbage, bomdong, bok choy, and rapini; and Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera, an oilseed which has many common names, including turnip rape, field mustard, bird's rape, and keblock.[2][3][4][5][6][7]

Brassica rapa
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Brassicales
Family:	Brassicaceae
Genus:	Brassica
Species:	B. rapa
Binomial name
Brassica rapa L.[1]

The oil made from the seed is sometimes also called canola oil or colza oil.[2] The term rapeseed oil is a general term for oil from Brassica species that may not conform to canola or colza standards. Canola refers to three species of Brassica plants: Brassica rapa (Polish canola) is the less commonly grown, Brassica napus (Argentine canola), commonly grown in Canada and Brassica juncea (brown mustard) is a minor crop.[8]

History

The origin of B. rapa, both geographically and any surviving wild relatives, has been difficult to identify because it has been developed by humans into many types of vegetables, is now found in most parts of the world, and has returned to the wild many times as a feral plant. A study of genetic sequences from over 400 domesticated and feral B. rapa individuals, along with environmental modelling, has provided more information about the complex history. These indicate that the ancestral B. rapa probably originated 4000 to 6000 years ago in the Hindu Kush area of Central Asia, and had three sets of chromosomes. This provided the genetic potential for a diversity of form, flavour and growth requirements. Domestication has produced modern vegetables and oil-seed crops, all with two sets of chromosomes.[9][10]

Oilseed subspecies (oleifera) of Brassica rapa may have been domesticated several times from the Mediterranean to India, starting as early as 2000 BC.[11] Edible turnips were possibly first cultivated in northern Europe, and were an important food in ancient Rome.[11] The turnip then spread east to China, and reached Japan by 700 AD.[11] There are descriptions of B. rapa vegetables in Indian and Chinese documents from around 1000 BC.[9]

In the 18th century, the turnip and the oilseed-producing variants were seen as being different species by Carl Linnaeus who named them B. rapa and B. campestris. Twentieth-century taxonomists found that the plants were cross fertile and thus belonged to the same species. Since the turnip had been named first by Linnaeus, the name Brassica rapa was adopted.[12]

Uses

Many butterflies, including the small white, feed from and pollinate the B. rapa flowers.

The young leaves are considered an excellent leaf vegetable and can be eaten raw; older leaves are better cooked. The taproot and seeds can also be eaten raw, although the latter contains an oil which may cause irritation for some people.[13]

Cultivars

Cultivar	Image	Name
Bok choy		Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis
Bomdong		Brassica rapa var. glabra
Choy sum		Brassica rapa subsp. parachinensis
Field mustard		Brassica rapa subsp. oleifera
Komatsuna		Brassica rapa subsp. perviridis
Mizuna		Brassica rapa var. niposinica
Napa cabbage		Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis
Rapini		Brassica rapa var. ruvo
Tatsoi		Brassica rapa subsp. narinosa
Turnip		Brassica rapa subsp. rapa
Yellow sarson		Brassica rapa subsp. trilocularis

References

External links

• Media related to Brassica rapa at Wikimedia Commons
• " Multilingual taxonomic information". University of Melbourne.
• PROTA (Plant Resources of Tropical Africa) database record on Brassica rapa L.

На других языках

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- [en] Brassica rapa

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[ru] Репа

Репа (лат. Brassica rapa) — однолетнее или двулетнее травянистое растение, вид рода Капуста (Brassica) семейства Капустные (Brassicaceae), или Крестоцветные (Cruciferae).

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