bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Search / Calendar

Aquilaria malaccensis is a species of plant in the Thymelaeaceae family. It is found in Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. It is threatened by habitat loss.[4]

Aquilaria malaccensis
Aquilaria malaccensis at Munnar
Conservation status

Critically Endangered  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malvales
Family: Thymelaeaceae
Genus: Aquilaria
Species:
A. malaccensis
Binomial name
Aquilaria malaccensis
Lam.
Synonyms

A. agallocha[2][3]
A. secundaria,[2][3]
A. malaccense'[3]
Agalochum malaccense[3]

The World List of Threatened Trees (Oldfield et al., 1998) listed Iran as one of the countries with a population of A. malaccensis, but an exploratory 2002 CITES review confirmed that Iran has no record of the species. As a result Iran is no longer considered as habitat for or producer of agarwood.[5]


Economics


Main article: Agarwood

Aquilaria malaccensis is the major source[6] of agarwood, a resinous heartwood, used for perfume and incense.[2] The resin is produced by the tree in response to infection by a parasitic ascomycetous mould, Phaeoacremonium parasitica,[7] a dematiaceous (dark-walled) fungus.


Threats


Due to rising demand for agarwood, as well as shortcomings in monitoring harvests and an increasing illegal trade, A. malaccensis is on the brink of extinction in the wild and is now considered critically endangered on the IUCN Red List. Due to large-scale logging operations, many forested areas where A. malaccensis was once abundant have been destroyed.[8]


Conservation


Despite its endangerment, Aquilaria malaccensis is highly adaptable and can perform well in areas contaminated by pollution. Due to this, conservation plans have been set in place to raise agarwood in contaminated areas as well as homestead gardens.[8]


References


  1. Harvey-Brown, Y. (2018). "Aquilaria malaccensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T32056A2810130. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T32056A2810130.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  2. Broad, S. (1995) "Agarwood harvesting in Vietnam" TRAFFIC Bulletin 15:96
  3. Anonymous (November 2003) "Annex 2: Review of Significant Trade: Aquilaria malaccensis" Significant trade in plants: Implementation of Resolution Conf. 12.8: Progress with the Implementation of Species Reviews (CITES PC14 Doc.9.2.2) Archived 2012-02-06 at the Wayback Machine Fourteenth meeting of the Plants Committee, Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, Windhoek, Namibia
  4. Barden, Angela (2000) Heart of the Matter: Agarwood Use and Trade and CITES Implementation for Aquilaria malaccensis "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27. Retrieved 2007-08-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) TRAFFIC International, Cambridge, ISBN 1-85850-177-6
  5. -PC14 -09-02-02-A2.pdf page 47[permanent dead link]
  6. Ng, L.T., Chang Y.S. and Kadir, A.A. (1997) "A review on agar (gaharu) producing Aquilaria species" Journal of Tropical Forest Products 2(2): pp. 272-285
  7. formerly Phialophora parasitica Crous, P. W. et al. (1996) "Phaeoacremonium gen. nov. associated with wilt and decline diseases of woody hosts and human infections." Mycologia 88(5): pp. 786–796
  8. "Home gardens and polluted fields are helping conserve this perfume source". india.mongabay.com. 2018-10-18. Retrieved 2018-10-21.

На других языках

[de] Adlerholzbaum

Der Adlerholzbaum (Aquilaria malaccensis; Synonym unter anderen: Aloexylon agallochum .mw-parser-output .Person{font-variant:small-caps}Lour.), auch Agarbaum (englisch Agarwood und Aloeswood) genannt, liefert ein begehrtes Holz, das unter anderem als Adlerholz, Paradiesholz, Rosenholz, Aloeholz, Agallocheholz, Oud oder Calambac bezeichnet wird. Es handelt sich dabei um ein äußerst seltenes und kostbares Räucherholz, das in Südostasien und Nordost-Indien erhältlich ist.
- [en] Aquilaria malaccensis


Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии