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Amianthium is a North American genus of perennial plants growing from bulbs. It contains the single known species Amianthium muscitoxicum, known in English as fly poison from a literal translation of the Latin epithet muscitoxicum, and is noted for its pretty flowers and its toxic alkaloid content. While all parts of the plant are poisonous, the bulb is particularly toxic. The scientific epithet was given to it by Thomas Walter when he published his Flora Caroliniana in 1788.

Fly poison
in Great Smoky Mountains National Park
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Liliales
Family:	Melanthiaceae
Tribe:	Melanthieae
Genus:	Amianthium A.Gray
Species:	A. muscitoxicum
Binomial name
Amianthium muscitoxicum (Walter) A.Gray
Synonyms[1]
Synonymy Amianthium muscaetoxicum, common misspelling[2][3] Melanthium muscaetoxicum Walter Melanthium muscitoxicum Walter Zigadenus muscitoxicum (Walter) Regel Chrosperma muscitoxicum (Walter) Kuntze Chrysosperma muscatoxicum (Walter) Kuntze Melanthium laetum Aiton. Anthericum subtrigynum Jacq. Melanthium myoctonum J.F.Gmel. Melanthium phalangioides Desr. Helonias erythrosperma Michx. Helonias laeta (Aiton) Ker Gawl. Leimanthium laetum (Aiton) Willd. Leimanthium pallidum Willd. Chrosperma laetum (Aiton) Raf. Amianthium macrotox Raf. Crosperma laeta (Aiton) Raf. Crosperma phalangioides (Desr.) Raf.

The bulb was mixed with sugar by American colonists to kill flies.[4][5]

The toxic alkaloids present in the roots and leaves include jervine and amianthine.[4] Amianthium is self-incompatible and is pollinated mostly by beetles.[4] It is native to eastern North America, as far north as Pennsylvania, west roughly to the Appalachian Mountains (with an additional area in the Ozarks), and south to northern Florida and eastern Louisiana.[4][6]

Within the family Melanthiaceae, Amianthium is a member of the tribe Melanthieae. Molecular phylogenetic studies in the 21st century have resulted in some changes to placements within this tribe. A. muscitoxicum has sometimes been placed in the genus Zigadenus (as Z. muscitoxicus); however its position as a separate genus is consistent with currently available information.[7] (See also Phylogeny of Melanthieae.)

Amianthium species which have been placed in other genera include:[1]

• Amianthium angustifolium A.Gray now called Stenanthium densum (Desr.) Zomlefer & Judd
• Amianthium aspericaule A.Gray) now called Triantha glutinosa (Michx.) Baker
• Amianthium leimanthoides A.Gray) now called Stenanthium densum (Desr.) Zomlefer & Judd
• Amianthium nuttallii A.Gray now called Toxicoscordion nuttallii (A.Gray) Rydb.
• Amianthium texanum (Bush) R.R.Gates now called Stenanthium densum (Desr.) Zomlefer & Judd

References

• Nash, L., & Steven, J. C. (2019). Patterns of resource allocation in fly poison (Amianthium muscaetoxicum). Bios, 89(3), 113-117.

Citations

На других языках

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- [en] Amianthium

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[es] Amianthium muscitoxicum

Amianthium es un género monotípico de plantas bulbosas perennes con flores que contienen alcaloides tóxicos. Aunque todas las partes de la planta son tóxicas, el bulbo es particularmente venenoso. Su única especie: Amianthium muscitoxicum (Walter) A.Gray, Ann. Lyceum Nat. Hist. New York 4: 122 (1837), es originaria del este y centro de Estados Unidos.

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[ru] Амиантиум

Амиа́нтиум (лат. Amianthium) — монотипный род растений семейства Мелантиевые (Melanthiaceae). Включает единственный вид: Амиа́нтиум мухомо́рный (Amianthium muscitoxicum).

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