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Albizia lebbeck is a species of Albizia, native to Indomalaya, New Guinea and Northern Australia[1][2] and widely cultivated and naturalised in other tropical and subtropical regions. English names for it include Sirisa, Siris, lebbeck, lebbek tree, flea tree, frywood, koko and woman's tongue tree. The latter name is a play on the sound the seeds make as they rattle inside the pods. Being one of the most widespread and common species of Albizia worldwide, it is often simply called siris or Sirisa though this name may refer to any locally common member of the genus.[1]

Albizia lebbeck
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Clade: Mimosoid clade
Genus: Albizia
Species:
A. lebbeck
Binomial name
Albizia lebbeck
(L.) Benth.
Synonyms
  • Sirisa
  • Siris

Description


It is a tree growing to a height of 18–30 m tall with a trunk 50 cm to 1 m in diameter. The leaves are bipinnate, 7.5–15 cm long, with one to four pairs of pinnae, each pinna with 6–18 leaflets. The flowers are white, with numerous 2.5–3.8 cm long stamens, and very fragrant. The fruit is a pod 15–30 cm long and 2.5-5.0 cm broad, containing six to twelve seeds.[3]


Name


Mimosa speciosa as described by Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin refers to Albizia lebbeck. The Mimosa speciosa of Carl Peter Thunberg, however, is Albizia julibrissin.

In Karnataka , the tree is known as 'Sirisa' means A fertile region Sirsi

In Tamil Nadu , the tree is known as 'vaagai' as the ancient kings of the Sangam Age had worn the garland made by this flower to celebrate victory in battles , with the word 'vaagai' meaning 'victory' in Tamil.


In the West Indies and certain parts of South America this tree is known as a 'Shak Shak Tree' because of the sound the seeds make in the pod.


Uses


Bark of Albizia lebbeck
Bark of Albizia lebbeck

Its uses include environmental management, forage, medicine and wood. It is cultivated as a shade tree in North and South America.[4] In India and Pakistan, the tree is used to produce timber. Wood from Albizia lebbeck has a density of 0.55-0.66 g/cm3 or higher.[5]

Even where it is not native, some indigenous herbivores are liable to utilize lebbeck as a food resource. For example, the greater rhea (Rhea americana) has been observed feeding on it in the cerrado of Brazil.[6]


Ethnobotany


Lebbeck is an astringent, also used by some cultures to treat boils, cough, to treat the eye, flu, gingivitis, lung problems, pectoral problems, is used as a tonic, and is used to treat abdominal tumors.[7] The bark is used medicinally to treat inflammation.[8] This information was obtained via ethnobotanical records, which are a reference to how a plant is used by indigenous peoples, not verifiable, scientific or medical evaluation of the effectiveness of these claims. Albizia lebbeck is also psychoactive.[9].It is also very effective in migraine.


Taxonomy


The taxonomic history of A. lebbeck is somewhat convoluted. It was originally described by Carl Linnaeus as Mimosa lebbeck. In its original description the Mimosa lebbeck was a large Acacia tree that grew in Egypt.[10] George Bentham placed the species in its present genus, but other authors believed that the plant described by Linnaeus was the related Albizia kalkora as described by Prain (based on the Mimosa kalkora of William Roxburgh), and erroneously referred to this species as Albizia lebbeck. However, Francisco Manuel Blanco used Mimosa lebbeck to refer to Albizia retusa ssp. retusa. In addition, the specific epithet is occasionally misspelled lebbek.[11]

Junior synonyms are:[4]

Albizia rostrata Miq. is Archidendron globosum.
Mimosa speciosa Thunb. is Albizia julibrissin.

Independently, there also exists a genus named Lebeckia, whose range is restricted to South Africa. It is not related to A. lebbeck, but a member of the Faboideae, a different legume subfamily.


Footnotes


  1. USDA (1994)
  2. Lowry, J.B. & Seebeck, J. 1997 "The Potential for Tropical Agroforestry in Wood and Animal Feed Production". Rural Industries Research and Development Corporation, Indooroopilly, Queensland
  3. Ali (1973)
  4. ILDIS (2005)
  5. Brown (1997)
  6. Schetini de Azevedo et al. (2006)
  7. Duke (2008)
  8. Lowry et al.(1994)
  9. Rätsch (2004)
  10. Book: Voyages and Travels in the Levant in the Years 1749, 50, 51, 52, Containing Observations in Natural History, by Fredrik Hasselquist (died 1752), written originally in the Swedish language, published in 1757 by Carl Linnaeus (died 1778), published in English translation in 1766. It says Mimosa Lebbeck is a large Acacia tree of southern Egypt and is grown in northern Egypt in gardens. This botany item was also copied by Linnaeus into Linnaeus's own botany book.
  11. USDA (1994), ILDIS (2005)

References




Wikimedia Commons has media related to Albizia lebbeck.

На других языках

- [en] Albizia lebbeck

[es] Albizia lebbeck

El ébano de oriente[1] (Albizia lebbeck) es una especie del género Albizia, nativo del sur tropical de Asia, y ampliamente cultivado en otras regiones tropicales y subtropicales. Es una de las especies más difundidas y comunes de Albizia en todo el mundo, a menudo es llamado simplemente "Siris", aunque este nombre puede referirse a cualquier miembro del género.[2]

[fr] Albizia lebbeck

Albizia lebbeck (hindi : शिरीष sirīs), ou bois noir des Bas est une espèce d'arbre de la famille des Fabaceae, originaire des régions tropicales du Sud de l'Asie et largement cultivée et naturalisée dans d'autres régions tropicales et subtropicales.


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