The family of marine fishes Hexagrammidae incorporates the greenlings. These fish are found on the continental shelf in the temperate or subarctic waters of the North Pacific. They are a well-known family in the littoral zone from southern California north to the Aleutian Islands. The most commercially important species is the lingcod (Ophiodon elongatus), a common food fish.

Hexagrammidae Temporal range: Late Miocene-Holocene
Lingcod, Ophiodon elongatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Scorpaeniformes
Suborder:	Hexagrammoidei
Family:	Hexagrammidae T. N. Gill, 1863
Genera
Hexagrammos Ophiodon Oxylebius Pleurogrammus Zaniolepis

Most hexagrammids are small to moderate in size, averaging around 50 cm, although the lingcod can be much larger. Like many other scorpaeniform species, they have broad, spiny pectoral, dorsal, and anal fins. They are scavengers but also catch and eat small fish and bottom-dwelling animals such as crabs. They can be found off rocky shorelines, in kelp beds, and, especially during spawning, in shallow inlets and tidepools.

The kelp greenling (Hexagrammos decagrammus) is a popular sport fish, and although it is not commercially valuable, it is considered a delicious food catch. The lingcod is long and olive-yellow in color, and has a very large, toothy mouth. The painted greenling (Oxylebius pictus) is smaller, brighter in color, and easily recognized by its large vertical red bands.

Genera and species

12 species in 5 genera:

Image	Genus	Species
	Hexagrammos (Tilesius, 1810)	Hexagrammos agrammus (Temminck y Schlegel, 1843) Hexagrammos decagrammus (Pallas, 1810) - Kelp greenling. Hexagrammos lagocephalus (Pallas, 1810) - Rock greenling. Hexagrammos octogrammus (Pallas, 1814) Hexagrammos otakii (Jordan y Starks, 1895) Hexagrammos stelleri (Tilesius, 1810) - Whitespotted Greenling
	Ophiodon (Girard, 1854)	Ophiodon elongatus (Girard, 1854) - Lingcod.
	Oxylebius (Gill, 1862)	Oxylebius pictus (Gill, 1862) - Painted greenling
	Pleurogrammus (Gill, 1861)	Pleurogrammus azonus (Jordan y Metz, 1913) Pleurogrammus monopterygius (Pallas, 1810)
	Zaniolepis (Girard, 1858)	Zaniolepis frenata (Eigenmann y Eigenmann, 1889) Zaniolepis latipinnis (Girard, 1858)

References

• "Hexagrammidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
• Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2006). "Hexagrammidae" in FishBase. February 2006 version.

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