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The African arowana or Nile arowana (Heterotis niloticus) is a species of bonytongue. Despite being called an "arowana", the African arowana is more closely related to arapaimas, the only other members in the subfamily Arapaiminae, than the South American, Asian, and Australian arowanas in the subfamily Osteoglossinae (Arapaiminae is sometimes considered to be a separate family from Osteoglossidae).[2][3] Compared to these, the African arowana has a more terminal mouth and is the only one that feeds extensively on plankton.[4]

African arowana
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Osteoglossiformes
Family:	Osteoglossidae
Subfamily:	Arapaiminae
Genus:	Heterotis Rüppell, 1828
Species:	H. niloticus
Binomial name
Heterotis niloticus (G. Cuvier, 1829)
Synonyms
Genus Clupisudis Swainson, 1839 Helicobranchus Hyrtl, 1854 Species Clupisudis niloticus (G. Cuvier, 1829) Sudis nilotica G. Cuvier, 1829 Sudis adansonii G. Cuvier, 1829 Heterotis adansonii (G. Cuvier, 1829) Sudis niloticus Rüppell, 1829 (ambiguous) Heterotis adansoni Valenciennes, 1847 Heterotis ehrenbergii Valenciennes, 1847

Description

The African arowana is a long-bodied fish with large scales, long dorsal and anal fins set far back on the body, and a rounded caudal fin. Its height is 3.5 to 5.0 times standard length. It has been reported to reach up to 1 m (3.3 ft) long and weigh up to 10.2 kg (22 lb).[4]

This fish is gray, brown, or bronze in color. Coloration is uniform in adults, but juveniles often have dark longitudinal bands.

African arowanas have air-breathing organs on its branchiae, enabling them to survive in oxygen-depleted water. A suprabranchial organ allows it to concentrate small planktonic food particles and also has a sensory function.

Range

This species is widespread throughout Africa, where it is native to all the watersheds in Sahelo-Sudanese region, Senegal, and Gambia, as well as parts of eastern Africa. This range includes the basins of the Corubal, Volta, Ouémé, Niger, Bénoué, and Nile Rivers, as well as those of Lake Chad and Lake Turkana. It has been successfully introduced to Côte d'Ivoire, the Cross River in Nigeria, the Sanaga and Nyong Rivers in Cameroon, and the Ogooué River in Gabon, as well as the lower and middle Congo River basin, including Ubangui and Kasaï Rivers. It has also been introduced in Madagascar. In some cases, introduction is reported to have had a negative impact on the local ecology.[4]

Human use

African arowana is used locally as a food and has been collected in the past for the aquarium trade. It is not feral or aggressive like its relatives.[5]

References

External links

• "Heterotis niloticus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 24 January 2006.

На других языках

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- [en] African arowana

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[es] Heterotis niloticus

La arowana africana o arowana del Nilo, también llamado a veces arapaima africano (Heterotis niloticus ) es una especie de pez de la familia Arapaimidae. A pesar de ser llamado "arowana", el arowana africano está más estrechamente relacionado con los arapaimas, los únicos otros miembros de la familia Arapaimidae, [2] que los arowanas sudamericanos, asiáticos y australianos de la familia Osteoglossidae (a veces se incluyen los Arapaimidae en los Osteoglossidae). En comparación con estos, el arowana africano tiene una boca más terminal y es el único que se alimenta extensamente de plancton.

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[ru] Нильский гетеротис

Нильский гетеротис[2], или просто гетеротис[3] (лат. Heterotis niloticus), — тропическая пресноводная лучепёрая рыба из семейства аравановых. Вид выделяется в монотипический род гетеротисов[2] (Heterotis). Обитает в африканских реках и озёрах, единственный вид аравановых рыб в Африке. Кроме того, единственный представитель семейства, питающийся планктоном и растительной пищей[4].

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