Parnassiini - Animalia - bio.wikisort.org

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I Parnassiini Duponchel, 1835, sono una delle tre tribù di lepidotteri appartenenti alla sottofamiglia Parnassiinae.

Come leggere il tassobox Parnassiini
Parnassius glacialis

Classificazione scientifica
Dominio	Eukaryota
Regno	Animalia
Sottoregno	Eumetazoa
Superphylum	Protostomia
Phylum	Arthropoda
Subphylum	Tracheata
Superclasse	Hexapoda
Classe	Insecta
Sottoclasse	Pterygota
Coorte	Endopterygota
Superordine	Oligoneoptera
Sezione	Panorpoidea
Ordine	Lepidoptera
Sottordine	Glossata
Infraordine	Heteroneura
Divisione	Ditrysia
Superfamiglia	Papilionoidea
Famiglia	Papilionidae
Sottofamiglia	Parnassiinae
Tribù	Parnassiini Duponchel, 1835
Generi
Hypermnestra Parnassius

Tassonomia

Questo taxon comprende 2 generi, suddivisi in 50 specie:

Genere Hypermnestra Ménétriés, 1846
Genere Parnassius Latreille, 1804

Distribuzione e habitat

La tribù ha una distribuzione definita olartica: la stragrande maggioranza delle specie si trova in Eurasia (distribuzione paleartica), ma alcune si spingono anche in America del Nord (Regione neartica).

Bibliografia

Abadjiev, 2002 - Types of Balkan butterflies in the collection of The Natural History Museum, London Neue Ent. Nachr. 23: 3-53
Ackery, P.R., 1975 - A guide to the genera and species of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Ent., 31: 71-105, plates 1-15.
Bang-Haas, O. 1934 - Neubeschreibungen und Berichtigungen der Palaearktischen Macrolepidopterenfauna. XIV Ent. Z. Frankf. a. M. 48 (16): 128
Bergmann, 1995 - Eine neue Unterart von Parnassius (Koramius) maximinus (Staudinger, 1891) aus Usbekistan Atalanta 26 (1/2): 139-142
Bremer, 1861 - Neue Lepidopteren aus Ost-Sibirien und dem Amur-Lande gesammelt von Radde und Maack, bescrieben von Otto Bremer Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersb., 3: 461-495 [?462-496]
Bryk, 1921 - Neue Parnassiiden Ent. Tidskr. 42: 112-119, f. 1-13
Bryk, 1932 - Parnassiologische Studien aus England Parnassiana 2 (3): 31-33
Bryk, F., 1934 - Baroniidae, Teinopalpidae, Parnassiidae, pars.I. Das Tierreich, Deutschen Zoologische Gesellschaft im Auftrag der Preussischen Akademie der Wissensch. Berlin und Lepizig, 64: I-XXIII, 1-131.
Bryk, 1935 - Lepidoptera. Parnassiidae pars II Das Tierreich 65: i-li, 1-788
Bryk & Eisner, 1930 - Parnassius mnemosyne L. ssp. balcanica (n.) Parnassiana 1 (2): 3-4
(EN) Capinera, J. L. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Entomology, 4 voll., 2nd Ed., Dordrecht, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2008, pp. lxiii + 4346, ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1, LCCN 2008930112, OCLC 837039413.
Caterino, M.S., Reed, R.D., Kuo, M.M., Sperling, F.A.H., 2001 - A partitioned likelihood analysis of swallowtail butterfly phylogeny (Lepidoptera : Papilionidae). Syst. Biol. 50: 106-127.
Chunsheng, W., 2001 - Fauna Sinica, Insecta Vol. 25: Lepidoptera Papilionidae; Papilioninae, Zerynthiinae, Parnassiinae. Beijing, Ke xue chu ban she, 367 pp.
Clench, H.K., 1955 - Revised classification of the butterfly family Lycaenidae and its allies. Ann. Carneg. Mus. 33: 261-274.
Clench & Shoumatoff, 1956 - Lepidoptera Rhopalocera (Insecta) from Afghanistan. The 3rd Danish Expedition to Central Asia (Zoological Results 21) Vidensk. Medd. Dansk Naturh. Forening 118: 141-192, 23 fgs
Collins, N.M., Morris, M.G., 1985 - Threatened Swallowtail Butterflies of the World: The IUCN Red data book. Gland, Switzerland. 401 pp. Hancock, D.L., 1983. Classification of the Papilionidae (Lepidoptera): a phylogenetic approach. Smithersia 2: 1-48.
Doubleday, [1847] - The genera of diurnal Lepidoptera Gen. diurn. Lep. (1): xii + 1-250, pls. 1-30
Dujardin, F., 1965 - Papilionidae: Especes de France et sous-especes des Alpes-Maritimes. Entomops (Revue Trimestrielle des entomologists des Alpes Maritimes et de la Corse), 3: 77-89.
(EN) Dyar, H. G., Busck, A., Fernald, C. H., Hulst, G. D., A list of the North American Lepidoptera and key to the literature of this order of insects, in Bulletin of the United States National Museum, vol. 52, Washington, Government Printing Office, 1903 [1902], pp. xix + 723, DOI:10.5962/bhl.title.1141, ISBN non esistente, LCCN 06027693, OCLC 1704319.
Edwards, 1870 - Descriptions of new species of diurnal Lepidoptera found within the United States Trans. amer. ent. Soc. 3: 10-22
Ehrlich, P.R., 1958 - The comparative morphology, phylogeny, and higher classification of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae). Univ. Kans. Sci. Bull. 34: 305-370.
Eisner, 1936 - P. mnemosyne subsp. bulgarica (subs. nova) Parnassiana 4 (1-2): 9
Eisner, C., 1974 - Parnassiana Nova XLIX. Die Arten und Unterarten der Baroniidae, Teinopalpidae und Parnassiidae (Erster teil) (Lepidoptera). Zoologische Verhandelingen Uitgegeven door het Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden, 135: 1-96.
Eversmann, 1843 - Quaedam lepidopterorum species novae in montibus Uralensibus et Altaicus habitantes nunc descriptae et depictae Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Moscou 16 (3): 535-553, 4pls
Fabricius, 1807 - Systema Glossatorum. Die neueste Gattungs-Eintheilung der Schmetterlinge aus den Linnéischen Gattungen Papilio und Sphinx Magazin f. Insektenk. (Illiger) 6: 277-289 (?295)
Ford, E.B., 1944a - Studies on the chemistry of pigments in the Lepidoptera, with references to their bearing on systematics. 3. The red pigment of the Papilionidae. The Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London 19: 92-106.
Ford, E.B., 1944b - Studies on the chemistry of pigments in the Lepidoptera, with references to their bearing on systematics. 4. The classification of the Papilionidae. The Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London 94: 201-223.
Fruhstorfer, 1908 - Neue Parnassius-Rassen Ent. Zs. 22 (3): 12 (18 April)
Fruhstorfer, 1909 - Neues über Parnassius apollo Int. ent. Zs. 3 (30): 161 (23 October)
Fruhstorfer, 1917 - Neue Rhopaloceren aus der Sammlung Leonhard Archiv Naturgesch. (A) 82 (2): 1-28, 1 pl. (January)
Gray, 1831 - The Zoological Miscellany Zool. Miscell. (1): [1] 1-40
Gray, 1852 - Catalogue of Lepidopterous Insects in the British Museum. Part 1. Papilionidae. [1853 Jan], "1852" Cat. lep. Ins. Coll. Brit. Mus. 1 (Papilionidae): iii + 84pp., 13pls.
Grum-Grshimailo, 1891 - Lepidoptera nova in Asia centrali novissime lecta et descripta Horae Soc. ent. Ross. 25 (3-4): 445-465
Guppy, 1998 - Notes on Parnassius smintheus Doubleday on Vancouver Island J. Lep. Soc. 52 (1): 115-118
Häuser, C.L., 1993 - Critical comments on the phylogenetic relationships within the family Papilionidae (Lepidoptera). Nota Lepidopterologicae 16: 34-43.
Häuser, C.L., de Jong, R., Lamas, G., Robbins, R.K., Smith, C., Vane-Wright, R.I., 2005 - Papilionidae – revised GloBIS/GART species checklist (2nd draft). Accessed December 2005.
Hemming, F., 1960 - Annotationes Lepidopterologicae 2: 41-47.
Higgins, L.G., 1975 - The Classification of European Butterflies. London, Collins, 320 pp.
Hiura, I., 1980 - A phylogeny of the genera of Parnassiinae based on analysis of wing pattern, with description of a anew genus (Lepiopdtera: Papilionidae). Bulletin of the Osaka Museum of Natural History 33: 71-85.
Huang, 1998 - Research on the butterflies of the Namjagbarwa Region, S. E. Tibet Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41: 207-264
Huang, 1998 - Five New Butterflies from N. W. Tibet Neue Entomologische Nachrichten, 41: 271-283
Hübner, [1819] - Verzeichniss bekannter Schmettlinge, 1816-[1826] Verz. bek. Schmett. (1): [1-3], 4-16 (1816), (2): 17-32 (1819), (3): 33-48 (1819), (4): 49-64 (1819), (5): 65-80 (1819), (6): 81-96 (1819), (7): 97-112 (1819), (8): 113-128 (1819), (9): 129-144 (1819), (10): 145-160 (1819), (11): 161-176 (1819), (12): 177-192 (1820), (13): 193-208 (1820), (14): 209-224 (1821), (15): 225-240 (1821), (16): 241-256 (1821), (17): 257-272 (1823), (18): 273-288 (1823), (19): 289-304 (1823), (20): 305-320 (1825), (21): 321-336 (1825), (22): 337-352 (1825), (23-27): 353-431 ([1825])
Igarashi, S., 1984 - The classification of the Papilionidae mainly based on the morphology of their immature stages. Tyô to Ga 34: 41-96.
Kaabak & Lesin, 1994 - On two subspecies of Parnassius charltonius Gray, 1853: ssp. anjuta Stshetkin, Kaabak & Stshetkina, 1987 and ssp. ljudmilae Sthsetkin & Kaabak, 1985 Atalanta 25 (1/2): 161-162
Katoh, T., Chechvarkin, A., Yagi, T., Omoto, K., 2005 - Phylogeny and evolution of butterflies of the genus Parnassius: Inferences from mitochondrial 16S and ND1 sequences. Zoological Science 22: 343-351.
Koçak, A.O., 1989. Description of the genus Adoritis (gen. n.) with notes on other closely related groups in Parnassiinae (Papilionidae, Lepidoptera). Priamus 4: 163-170.
Kolar & Rebel, 1934 - in Kolar, Parnassius apollo auf dem Olymp. Int. ent. Z. 28 (29): 366-368
Korb, S.K., 1997 - To the knowledge of faunogenesis in diurnal butterflies (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) from central Asia. Ent. Rev. 77: 1167-1180.
Korshunov, Yu. P., 1990 - New Genera of the Subfamily Parnassiinae Swainson, 1840. In: Taxonomy of Arthropods and Helminths; Novosibrisk, Nauka, pp. 99–105; in Russian (reference not seen; from Korb, 1997).
(EN) Kükenthal, W. (Ed.), Handbuch der Zoologie / Handbook of Zoology, Band 4: Arthropoda - 2. Hälfte: Insecta - Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies, in Kristensen, N. P. (a cura di), Handbuch der Zoologie, Fischer, M. (Scientific Editor), Teilband/Part 35: Volume 1: Evolution, systematics, and biogeography, Berlino, New York, Walter de Gruyter, 1999 [1998], pp. x + 491, ISBN 978-3-11-015704-8, OCLC 174380917.
Lederer, 1853 - Lepidopterologisches aus Sibirien Verh. zool.-bot. Ver. Wien, 3: 351-386, pl. 7
Linnaeus, 1758 - Systema Naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Clases, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Symonymis, Locis. Tomis I. 10th Edition Syst. Nat. (Edn 10) 1: -
Lukhtanov, 1999 - Neue Taxa und Synonyma zentalasiatischer Tagfalter Atalanta 30 (1/4): 135-150
McDunnough, 1936 - A new race of Parnassius smintheus from California Can. ent. 68: 272-274
Ménétriés, 1849 - Descriptions des insectes, recueillis par feu Lehmann Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersb. 6 (4): 219-329
Ménétriés, 1855 - Enumeratio corporum animalium Musei Imperialis Academiae Scientiarum Petropilitanae. Classis Insectorum, Ordo Lepidopterorum Cat. lep. Petersb. 1: 1-66,67-97, pl. 1-6 (1855), 2: 67-112,99-144, pl. 7-14 (1857), 3: 145-161, pl. 15-18 (1863)
Munroe, E., 1961. The classification of the Papilionidae (Lepidoptera). The Canadian Entomologist Supplement 17: 1-51.
Nazari, V., Zakharov, E.V., Sperling, F.A.H., 2007. Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and taxonomic ranking of Parnassiinae (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae) based on morphology and seven genes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 131-156.
Nickerl, 1846 - Beschribung einer neuer Gattung und Art als Beitrag zur europäischen Lepidopterenfauna Stett. ent. Ztg. 7: 207-209
Omoto, K., Katoh, T., Chichvarkhin, A., Yagi, T., 2004 - Molecular systematics and evolution of the 'Apollo' butterflies of the genus Parnassius (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae) based on mitochondrial DNA sequence data. Gene 326: 141-147.
Opler, P., Warren, A., 2003 - Scientific names list for butterfly species of North America, north of Mexico. Fort Collins, Co., Gillette Museum of Arthropod Diversity, Dept. of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, 2003. 79 pp.
Rothschild, 1918 - Catalogue of the Parnassiidae in the Tring Museum Novit. zool. 25: 218-262
Salmon, M.A., 2000 - The Aurelian Legacy: British Butterflies and Their Collectors. Berkeley, University of California Press. 432 p.
(EN) Scoble, M. J., The Lepidoptera: Form, Function and Diversity, seconda edizione, London, Oxford University Press & Natural History Museum, 2011 [1992], pp. xi, 404, ISBN 978-0-19-854952-9, LCCN 92004297, OCLC 25282932.
Smart, P., 1976 - The Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Butterfly World. Hamlyn, London.
Staudinger, 1891 - Eine neue Parnassius-Form und swei neue paläarktische Arctia-Arten Dt. Ent. Z. Iris, 4 (1): 158-162
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Stekolnikov, A.A., Kuznetsov, V.I., 2003 - Evolution of the male genitalia, phylogenesis, and systematic position of the subfamilies Baroniinae Salvin, 1893, Luehdorfiinae Tutt, 1896 stat.n., and Zerynthiinae Grote, 1899 in the family Papilionidae (Lepidoptera). Ent. Rev. 83: 436-350.
Talbot, G., 1939 - The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Butterflies, Vol. I. Taylor and Francis Ltd., London.
Weiss, J.C., 1991 - The Parnassiinae of the World. Part 1. Sciences Nat, Venette, France. p. 1-48.
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Wyat, 1961 - Additions to the Rhopalocera of Afghanistan with descriptions of new species and subspecies J. Lep. Soc. 15 (1): 1-18, 3pls
Wyatt, 1969 - Eine neue Rasse von Parnassius phoebus L. aus Kanada Z. wien. ent. Ges. 54: 132-133
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Voci correlate

Luehdorfiini

Altri progetti

Wikimedia Commons contiene immagini o altri file su Parnassiini
Wikispecies contiene informazioni su Parnassiini

Collegamenti esterni

(EN) Global Butterflies Names URL consultato il 22 novembre 2014, su ucl.ac.uk.
Papilionoidea ed Hesperioidea italiane (tutte le specie), su ibc.regione.emilia-romagna.it. URL consultato il 15 aprile 2008 (archiviato dall'url originale l'11 novembre 2007).
(EN) Fotografie di Papilionidae europee, su leps.it.
Checklist della fauna italiana, su faunaitalia.it. URL consultato il 15 aprile 2008 (archiviato dall'url originale l'8 novembre 2007).
(EN) Fauna europea, su faunaeur.org.
(EN) Tree of Life web project, su tolweb.org.

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[es] Parnassiini

Los parnasinos (Parnassiini) son una tribu de lepidópteros ditrisios de la familia Papilionidae que contiene los siguientes géneros:

- [it] Parnassiini

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