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William West Jr, ARCS, (11 February 1875 – 14 September 1901) was an English botanist. He was the elder son of the botanist William West, and the brother of George Stephen West. West assisted his father in fieldwork. He wrote papers on flowering plants and phycology for various journals. His official botanical author-abbreviation was W. West, although his authorship in journals was cited as W. West Jun.

William West Jr

ARCS
Born(1875-02-11)11 February 1875
Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire
Died14 September 1901(1901-09-14) (aged 26)
Cause of deathCholera
Alma materSt John's College, Cambridge
Parent
RelativesGeorge Stephen West (brother)
Scientific career
FieldsBotany
InstitutionsBritish Museum of Natural History
Author abbrev. (botany)W. West

West showed great promise in his youth, gaining a scholarship to Bradford Technical College at age 10, and at age 14 he won a Royal Exhibition to attend the Royal College of Science, where his achievements in botany won him the Forbes Medal. At age 16 he gained a scholarship to St John's College, Cambridge.

He travelled to India to begin a career in which it was hoped that he might discover ways to identify and control fungoid diseases which were attacking indigo plants, which were farmed for commercial dyes. Within three weeks of his arrival in the country, he had died of cholera at the age of 26.


Background


West's home was at the far end of Woodville Terrace, on the right
West's home was at the far end of Woodville Terrace, on the right

William West, born in Bradford on 11 February 1875,[1] was the first son of the botanist William West (22 February 1848 – 14 May 1914) of Bradford, West Riding of Yorkshire, England. His brother was the botanist George Stephen West (20 April 1876 – 7 August 1919).[2] West's and his father's home address was 26 Woodville Terrace, Bradford.[3]

West's interest in botany began early. W.D. Roebuck wrote, "How familiar he was with abstruse works, such as the Nautical Almanack, systematic botanical works etc., when but a very small boy. His educational career is only to be described as brilliant".[1] The Bradford Observer reported:[3]

Mr West's career [was] one of much brilliancy and promise. His earliest lessons were taken under the tuition of his father, and from the tender years he displayed remarkable precocity. At ten years of age, on his own initiative and without the knowledge of his parents, he sat for examination and won a scholarship at the Bradford Technical College, and he was on admission one of the youngest students ever admitted. Here he received a grounding of elementary science, and at the end of four years he went up to the Royal College of Science in London, where his progress was also remarkable, and he secured the Forbes Medal for botany, being at the head of the College in this subject, though he was one of the youngest students.[3]

At Bradford Technical College in 1887, at the age of 12 years, West passed examinations in inorganic chemistry, and magnetism and electricity, both at "advanced stage, first class".[4] "His botanical acumen was so well developed that at the early age of 14 he was able to set the British Museum curators right as to the determination of an obscure Elatine displayed in the public galleries".[1] In that same year of 1889, he won a Royal Exhibition to attend the Royal College of Science.[5]

A national scholarship entitle[d] the holder to free admission to lectures, laboratories and instruction free of all cost during the teaching terms for three years, at either the Normal School of Science and Royal College of Mines, London, or the Royal College of Science, Dublin, at the option of the holder, with £80 (equivalent to £9,407 in 2021) a year for maintenance and travelling expenses in addition.[6][5]

West gained a foundation scholarship, when only sixteen years old, to St John's College, Cambridge,[1] and began his studies there at age seventeen. At nineteen years old he gained the first half of his Natural Science Tripos with first class honours. Due to illness, the second part of his Tripos was delayed until four years after he first went up to Cambridge. The delays and omissions in his training meant that he gained second-class honours instead of a first.[3] Nevertheless he received his BA with honours.[2] "Both at the Royal College of Science and at Cambridge he gave much attention to biology, and he was from an early age a very accomplished botanist".[3]


Career


For a while, West was a science demonstrator at Cambridge.[1][3] His second appointment was as an assistant in the herbarium in the department of botany of the British Museum of Natural History, London.[1][2] He was employed there for two years, between Michaelmas 1890 to August 1892, "revising and incorporating the Fresh-Water Algae of Hassal's Herbarium, and of numerous published sets.[nb 1] He supplied the department with many hundreds of microscope slides of fresh-water Algae".[7] He also "went botanising" with his father, assisting him in his fieldwork.[8][nb 2]


Publications


West was 16 years old when he published his first note in a scientific journal. The subject matter of his publications in The Naturalist was the British flowering plants, "which gained for him considerable scientific reputation".[3] He also published papers in The Journal of Botany: "One treated of some new species of algae which he described from Plankton collected in the Atlantic; another written jointly with Dr A.B. Rendle described a new species of Pithophora; and another dealt extensively with the plants of Cambridge".[1]


Notes and papers



Records



Death and obituaries


West's position in the herbarium of the British Museum of Natural History was a temporary one so, having left England on 8 August 1901 on the SS Persia,[3] he arrived at Bombay on 23 August, attracted by a promise of work which might lead to a more permanent position. He was to be "a biologist to the Bihar Indigo Planters' Association",[2] and the Indigo Improvement Syndicate,[3] assisting the agricultural chemist E.A. Hancock.[9] He travelled from Bombay to Calcutta to visit a Cambridge acquaintance and "reporter on economic products", Isaac Henry Burkill.[2][10] From there he returned to Bombay, then arrived at Muzaffarpur on 27 August to start work. Being "in thoroughly good health", he wrote letters home.[3] Within three weeks of arriving in India he died of cholera on 14 September 1901 at age 26 years.[2][11] His family received the news via cablegram on 17 September.[3] The Englishman's Overland Mail reported: "There is something very tragic in the sudden close of a career whose opening chapters were both interesting and brilliant".[2] The Bradford Observer said:[3]

The work which lay before [West] in India in the study of the fungoid diseases which attack the indigo and other plants of commercial value promised ample opportunities of adding to that reputation. But it was not in science alone that he excelled, and it was in literature that his friends prophesied for him a brilliant future; hopes which are bitterly disappointed.[3]

William Denison Roebuck commented in The Naturalist:[1]

[West's] personal characteristics included not only extreme accuracy and wide grasp, and the extraordinary retentive memory which so greatly facilitated his botanical studies, but a most amiable and lovable disposition which endeared him to all who had the privilege of knowing him, and who consequently feel deeply and grievously the weight of the affliction which the untimely close of his career brings upon us".[1]

The Journal of Botany, British and Foreign said:[7]

[West] from his earliest years displayed remarkable precocity ... From a very early age, under the tuition of his father, he devoted much attention to botany ... West was a man of general accomplishments; he was interested in music and the drama, and his friends anticipated for him a brilliant literary career.[7]

The standard author abbreviation W.West is used to indicate this person as the author when citing a botanical name.[12]

Notes


  1. Hassall's Herbarium was an actual herbarium (not a publication) consisting of 883 specimens. It was donated by his widow to the British Museum of Natural History in 1894. (Source: Jstor: Global Plants)
  2. "Botanising" in this context is archaic slang for botany fieldwork

References


  1. Roebuck, William Denison (1901). "In memoriam: William West, Junior". The Naturalist. 26 (October 1901): 303–304. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  2. "We deeply regret". Englishman's Overland Mail. British Newspaper Archive. 26 September 1901. p. 2 col.1. Retrieved 22 April 2022.
  3. "Mr William West Jun. of Bradford". Bradford Observer. British Newspaper Archive. 18 September 1901. p. 7 col.5. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  4. "Local and district news: Bradford Technical College". Bradford Daily Telegraph. British Newspaper Archive. 9 August 1887. p. 4 col.3. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  5. "Local and district news". Bradford Daily Telegraph. British Newspaper Archive. 26 August 1889. p. 2 col.6. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  6. UK Retail Price Index inflation figures are based on data from Clark, Gregory (2017). "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved 11 June 2022.
  7. "We record with regret the death of William West". Journal of Botany, British and Foreign. 39 (October 1901): 353. 1901. Retrieved 24 April 2022.
  8. "William West jnr (1875-1901)". herbariaunited.org/. Botanical Society of the British Isles: Herbaria@Home. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  9. "Mr William West, biologist". Madras Weekly Mail. British Newspaper Archive. 26 September 1901. p. 2 col.2. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  10. Philip, Kavita (2003). Civilising Natures: Race, Resources and Modernity in Colonial South India. OrientBlackSwan. p. 248. ISBN 9788125025863. Retrieved 24 April 2022. Isaac Henry Burkill was reporter on economic products to the government of India, and Economic Botanist to the Botanical Survey between 1901 and 1912.
  11. "We deeply regret to hear of the death at Mozzafferpur". Civil & Military Gazette (Lahore). British Newspaper Archive. 26 September 1901. p. 5 col.3. Retrieved 23 April 2022.
  12. International Plant Names Index.  W.West.



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