bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Victoria boliviana is a new species of water lily within the genus Victoria in the family Nymphaeaceae. It is the newest described species of the genus and its largest member in size and was officially identified in 2022.[1]

Victoria boliviana
Victoria boliviana growing at Kew Gardens, London
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Order:	Nymphaeales
Family:	Nymphaeaceae
Genus:	Victoria
Species:	V. boliviana
Binomial name
Victoria boliviana Magdalena & L.T.Sm.
Distribution of Victoria boliviana

Etymology

The specific epithet boliviana references its origin in Bolivia.[1]

Description

The leaves of Victoria boliviana regularly grow to around 3m wide; the largest recorded leaf measured 3.2m across from a plant in the La Rinconada Gardens in Bolivia.[1] It is clear from the photograph of this largest leaf (3 m (9.8 ft)) that the rims were not included in the measurement.[2] [3] [4] If the 8 cm (3.1 in) rims are included, the leaf is then fully 3.35 m (11.0 ft) in width, equal to the largest leaves of Gunnera manicata. The leaves are so large that they are capable of carrying the weight of an adult human, as proven by Alberto Trinco, conservatory manager for the Princess of Wales Conservatory at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.[5]

The lily produces multiple flowers in succession each year, with each opening one at a time and blooming for just two nights. The flowers, which are covered in prickles, are white and subsequently turn pink.

The chromosome count is 2n = 2x = 24.[6]

Taxonomy

The issue of Victoria taxonomy is complicated through the loss of the type collections of other species. In addition, the plants are difficult to collect, due to their enormous size, prickles and their susceptability to disintegrating, before the material could be properly conserved.[6]

Delimitation from Victoria cruziana and Victoria amazonica

Victoria boliviana differs in many different features from the remaining two species of the genus. This includes its larger seed and ovule size (each seed being about 70% longer and wider, and over four times as voluminous as those of V. amazonica and V. cruziana),[6] as well as its moderate or intermediate rim height of the leaf lamina. Also, unlike V. amazonica and V. cruziana, it lacks trichomes (plant hairs) on its outer tepals and on the ovary.[6] The chromosome count is shared with Victoria cruziana, but differs from Victoria amazonica. It is also most similar to Victoria cruziana. Some features have an overlapping range, however in combination many differences can be observed.[6]

Position within the genus Victoria

This species is the sister group to Victoria cruziana. This leads to the following relationships:[6]

Victoria	Victoria cruziana     Victoria boliviana       Victoria amazonica

Ecology

This species is native to the Bolivian wetlands.[1] This species has been observed to be pollinated by beetles.[6]

History

Specimens of this species have remained unrecognised as distinct entities for a long time, although they were present in collections, including a drawing held in Kew from an 1845 specimen.[1] Bolivian seeds were donated to the Royal Botanic Gardens Kew in 2016. Based on this material genetic studies were made, which resulted in the recognition of this third Victoria species as a separate and distinct entity.[7]

Conservation

This species is estimated to fall between the IUCN Red List categories Vulnerable (VU) and Endangered (EN). There are five known populations present in Bolivia.[6]

Gallery

• 
  Plants growing at Kew Gardens
• 
  Underside of leaf along with immature flowers

References

На других языках

---

- [en] Victoria boliviana

---

[es] Victoria boliviana

Victoria boliviana es una especie de nenúfar perteneciente al género Victoria de la familia Nymphaeaceae. Es la especie descrita más nueva del género y su miembro más grande en tamaño.

---

[fr] Victoria boliviana

Victoria boliviana est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Nymphaeaceae. C'est l'espèce du genre Victoria découverte le plus récemment et la plus grande. Ce nénuphar d'Amérique du Sud possède les plus grandes feuilles au monde parmi les espèces aquatiques. Cette plante développe en effet des feuilles circulaires qui peuvent très rapidement atteindre 3 mètres de diamètre, flottant solidement à la surface des eaux calmes grâce à la structure géométrique des nervures, et dont les bords relevés leur permettent de repousser les autres plantes, de façon à capter un maximum de lumière. Les feuilles servent ainsi de support à plusieurs espèces d'oiseaux qui les utilisent comme plateforme pour pêcher, ainsi qu'à différents reptiles qui vont y prendre leur « bain de soleil »[1].

---

[ru] Виктория боливийская

Викто́рия боливи́йская (лат. Victoria boliviana) — вид крупных тропических водных травянистых цветковых растений из рода Виктория семейства кувшинковых (Nymphaeaceae). Самая большая кувшинка в мире с листьями шириной до 3,2 метра[2]. Распространена только в бассейне одной реки на севере Боливии в Южной Америке. Водное многолетнее травянистое растение с большим, мясистым, покрытым шипами побегом, округлыми плавающими листьями и крупными, до 36 см в диаметре, цветками, цветущее только по ночам. Каждый цветок раскрывается только на две ночи подряд, закрываясь на дневное время. В первую ночь цветения цветок чисто-белый, на вторую становится розоватым. Об экологии, опылении и распространении семян этого вида известно пока мало, но предполагается, что его биология не отличается от двух других близких видов. Опыляются они мелкими летающими по ночам жуками. Довольно крупные плоды созревают под водой, в каждом из них до 300 крупных круглых семян, которые, предположительно, распространяются течением воды.

---

---