bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Vicia tenuifolia, the fine-leaved vetch and cow vetch,[3] as well as fodder vetch[4] and bramble vetch,[1] is a herbaceous perennial plant species in the family Fabaceae.[5] This species grows widespread in Europe and some parts of both Asia and Africa. In some other areas it occurs as an introduced species.[1] In few countries this edible vetch is used in both human and farm animals nutrition.[5]

Vicia tenuifolia
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Faboideae
Genus:	Vicia
Species:	V. tenuifolia
Binomial name
Vicia tenuifolia Roth, 1788[2]
Synonyms[2]
List Cracca tenuifolia (Roth) Gren. & Godr. Cracca tenuifolia (Roth) Opiz Ervum tenuifolium (Roth) Trautv. Vicia boissieri Freyn Vicia cracca subsp. tenuifolia (Roth) Bonnier & Layens Vicia cracca subsp. tenuifolia (Roth) Gaudin Vicia cracca var. tenuifolia (Roth) G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb., 1801 Vicia tenuifolia subsp. boissieri (Freyn) Radhzi Vicia tenuifolia subsp. boissieri Dinsm., 1932 Vicia variabilis Freyn & Sint.

Taxonomy

Vicia tenuifolia was described by German botanist Albrecht Wilhelm Roth in his work Tentamen florae germanicae in 1788.[2] Some taxonomists treat this species as a subspecies of Vicia cracca, while most recognize it as its own species.[2][6]

There are a few recognized subspecies:[2]

• Vicia tenuifolia subsp. atroviolacea (Bornm.) Greuter & Burdet
• Vicia tenuifolia subsp. delmasii (Emb. & Maire) Dobignard
• Vicia tenuifolia subsp. subalpina (Grossh.) Zernov
• Vicia tenuifolia subsp. tenuifolia
• Vicia tenuifolia subsp. variabilis (Freyn & Sint.) Dinsm.
• Vicia tenuifolia subsp. villosa (Batt.) Greuter

Description

This herbaceous and perennial legume can reach from 30 to 150 centimetres of height. It is usually an upright-growing and spread out vetch with rough stem that is either hairless either hirsute.[5] As many other Fabaceae species, Vicia tenuifolia is a nitrogen-fixing plant.[3]

Its alternately arranged leaves are pinately compound and most of the times consist of 10–18 pairs of narrowly linear to oblong leaflets.[5][7] Pinna can be both hirsute or hairless and usually measure from 2 to 6 millimetres. Vicia tenuifolia has so called paripinnate leaves, that end with a split tendril. Stipules are present; they are narrowly linear, with entire leaf margin and end with a sharpened point.[5]

The species is an entomophilous plant[3] and flowers between June and August.[8] Vicia tenuifolia has typical bilaterally symmetrical papilionaceous flower, that consists of banner, keel and wing, with flower's petals being red, pink or blueish purple. The biggest petal – so-called banner – is brighter than other petals, with its limb being as long as its claw.[5] From 15 to 30 small flowers are arranged into an raceme inflorescence,[7] that has long leafstalk (the latter is usually twice as long as the inflorescence). The flower's sepals are fused together into a few millimetres long calyx tube that ends with 5 short calyx tooth. Each flower has 10 anthers; the latter are fused together till the last third of anther's length.[5]

This species' dried fruit is a brownish and hairless legume that can measure from 3 to 5 centimetres.[5]

Layman can confuse Vicia grandiflora with similar vetch species Vicia dalmatica, Vicia cracca, Vicia incana and Vicia villosa.[5]

Distribution and conservation

This vetch species is widely distributed across Europe (especially in Euro-Mediterranean region,[9] south and central Europe[10]) and occurs also in some parts of Asia (usually those that are either temperate either tropical,[1] mostly southwestern and central Asia[10]), as well as in northern Africa.[1] In north-western Europe it is not a native species.[6] Vicia tenuifolia was once introduced to Hawaii.[1] In some parts species is treated as an invasive species.[11]

Vicia tenuifolia usually grows in a diverse collection of various habitats, which include both natural and urban areas.[5] This vetch is mostly inhabitant of lowlands,[6] it can be found on dry meadows, forest edges, near paths,[5] grassy banks, verges, waste grounds,[6] as well as ruderal landscapes (for example railways[6]).[5] V. tenuifolia rarely occurs in highlands, with its maximum elevation being around 2,900 metres.[1]

This species is listed as least concern (LC) species on the IUCN Red list, with its population being rated as stable.[1]

Gallery

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References

External links

• Data related to Vicia tenuifolia at Wikispecies
• Media related to Vicia tenuifolia at Wikimedia Commons

На других языках

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- [en] Vicia tenuifolia

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[ru] Горошек тонколистный

Горошек тонколистный, или вика тонколистная (лат. Vícia tenuifólia), — травянистое растение, вид рода Горошек (Vicia) семейства Бобовые (Fabaceae).

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