bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Viburnum tinus, the laurustinus, laurustine or laurestine, is a species of flowering plant in the family Adoxaceae, native to the Mediterranean area of Europe and North Africa. Laurus signifies the leaves' similarities to bay laurel.

Viburnum tinus
By L. By Jacob van Huysum
Conservation status
Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Dipsacales
Family:	Adoxaceae
Genus:	Viburnum
Species:	V. tinus
Binomial name
Viburnum tinus L.
Synonyms
Viburnum rigidum Vent. Viburnum rugosum Pers. Viburnum strictum Link Tinus lucidus J.Presl Tinus lauriformis J.Presl Tinus laurifolius Borkh. in Roem. Viburnum lauriforme Lam. Viburnum hyemale Salisb.

Description

It is a shrub (rarely a small tree) reaching 2–7 m (7–23 ft) tall and 3 m (10 ft) broad,[1] with a dense, rounded crown. The leaves are evergreen, persisting 2–3 years, ovate to elliptic, borne in opposite pairs, 4–10 cm long and 2–4 cm broad, fine hairs persisting on the underside, with an entire margin.

The flowers are small, white or light pink, produced from reddish-pink buds in dense cymes 5–10 cm diameter in the winter. The fragrant flowers (some consider the fragrance offensive, especially after rain when it is very strong) are bisexual (monoecious - having both male and female parts on one plant) and pentamerous. The flowering period is in winter, or from October to June in the northern hemisphere. The five petals are tubular, with rounded, corolla lobes, pink in the bud but later white. There is only one circle with five stamens. Pollination is by insects. The fruit is a dark blue-black drupe 5–7 mm long. A 2020 study of the fruit's metallic blue hue revealed microscopic globules of fat to be the cause, an example of structural color,[2] which is unusual in plants.

The leaves have domatia where predatory and microbivorous mites can be housed.[3]

Distribution and Habitat

Native to the Mediterranean Region, Viburnum tinus prefers shady, moist areas. It is most commonly found in the western Mediterranean due to a shorter drought season and is one of the dominant species of Mediterranean sclerophyllous shrubland.[4] It has also been introduced to Australia, Pakistan, California, Oregon and Tajikistan.[5]

Cultivation

Viburnum tinus is widely cultivated for its winter blooms and metallic blue berries. It is hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F). The cultivars ‘Eve Price’,[6] ‘French White’[7] and ‘Gwenllian’[8] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society’s Award of Garden Merit.[9]

Other uses

V. tinus has been used for its traditional medicinal properties, for example in Pakistan.^{[citation needed]} The active ingredients are viburnin (a substance or more probably a mixture of compounds) and tannins. Tannins can cause stomach upset. The leaves when infused have antipyretic properties. The fruits have been used as purgatives against constipation. The tincture has been used lately in herbal medicine as a remedy for depression. The plant also contains iridoid glucosides.[10]

Pests

In south-east Britain Viburnum tinus is the principal host of the viburnum beetle (Pyrrhalta viburni), the country's "number one pest species" according to the Royal Horticultural Society.[11]

Etymology

The generic name of the plant derives from Latin viburnum referring to Viburnum lantana.[12] The specific name derives from Latin tinus referring to the plant itself, Viburnum tinus.[13]

References

External links

• Flora Europaea: Viburnum tinus
• Eriksson, O., et al. 1979. Flora of Macaronesia: checklist of vascular plants
• Pignatti S. - Flora d'Italia – Edagricole – 1982, Vol. II, pag. 639
• Biolib
• Viburnum tinus

Gallery

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  Plant
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  Inflorescence
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  Close-up on flowers
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  Unripe fruits
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  Ripe fruits
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  Close-up on fruits
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  Leaf

На других языках

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- [en] Viburnum tinus

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[es] Viburnum tinus

El durillo (Viburnum tinus) es una especie de planta fanerógama de la familia de las adoxáceas.

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[ru] Калина лавролистная

Кали́на лавроли́стная, или Калина португа́льская, или Калина ти́нус (лат. Vibúrnum tínus) — крупный вечнозелёный кустарник родом из Средиземноморья, вид рода Калина (Viburnum) семейства Адоксовые (Adoxaceae).

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