bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Senna artemisioides, the wormwood senna,[1] is a species of flowering plant in the pea family Fabaceae. It is endemic to Australia, where it is found in all mainland states and territories. Other common names include silver senna,[2] silver cassia or feathery cassia - although "cassia" generally refers to the largest-growing Cassiinae. Some of its distinct subspecies also have common names of their own.

Senna artemisioides
Senna artemisioides subsp. quadrifolia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fabales
Family:	Fabaceae
Subfamily:	Caesalpinioideae
Genus:	Senna
Species:	S. artemisioides
Binomial name
Senna artemisioides (Gaudich. ex DC.) Randell
Synonyms
Cassia artemisioides Gaudich. ex DC. Cassia eremophila sensu auct. non Vogel Cassia helmsii Symon Cassia oligophylla (F.Muell.) Cassia sturtii R. Br.

The Latin specific epithet artemisioides means “resembling Artemisia”, a different group of plants often known as wormwood.[3]

Description

This is an evergreen shrub that grows up to 3 m (9.8 ft) in height. It has grey-green pinnate leaves with between 1 and 8 pairs of leaflets. It produces an abundance of yellow “pea” flowers in winter and spring which are about 1.5 cm in diameter, followed by 2 to 7 cm long flat green pods which age to dark brown.

The species adapts to a wide range of climatic conditions, but is susceptible to frost, especially when young. It prefers dry, well-drained sites with full sun. As an ornamental plant, it is propagated readily from seed, which should first be briefly immersed in boiling water.[4]

This plant has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[1][5]

Taxonomy and systematics

The species was first described in 1825 by Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupré based on work by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle and placed in Cassia, but nowadays it has been moved to Senna. However, for a long time this plant was erroneously known as Cassia eremophila which is a true species of Cassia called desert cassia, described by Julius Rudolph Theodor Vogel.

A large number of formerly independent species are provisionally considered subspecies of S. artemisioides:

• ssp. alicia Randell
• ssp. artemisioides
• ssp. filifolia Randell
• ssp. helmsii (Symon) Randell – blunt-leaved cassia
• ssp. oligophylla (F.Muell.) Randell – blunt-leaved cassia
• ssp. petiolaris Randell woody cassia
• ssp. quadrifolia Randell

(Senna quadrifolia Burm. is a synonym of Chamaecrista absus)

• ssp. sturtii (R.Br.) Randell – Sturt's cassia[6]
• ssp. zygophylla (Benth.) Randell

Some hybridogenic subspecies have also been named:

• nothosubsp. × artemisioides [7]
• ssp. × coriacea (Benth.) Randell[8]
• nothosubsp. × coriacea (Benth.) Randell[9]

(Cassia coriacea Benth. is a synonym of Chamaecrista coriacea)

• nothosubsp. × sturtii (R.Br.) Randell[10]

In addition, there are apparently at least 2 undescribed taxa:

• Senna artemisioides "James Range (P.L.Latz 18528)"
• Senna artemisioides "Kuyunba (B.Pitts 113)"

Altogether, S. artemisioides might be best considered a form taxon whose phylogenetic diversity is still largely unresolved.

References

Further reading

• "Senna artemisioides (Gaudich. ex DC.) Randell". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
• "Senna artemisioides". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
• Association of Societies for Growing Australian Plants (ASGAP): Senna artemisioides

External links

• University of Arizona Pima County Cooperative Extension: Cassia artemisiodes

---