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Schoenoplectus pungens is a species of flowering plant in the sedge family known as common threesquare,[2] common three-square bulrush[3] and sharp club-rush.[4] It is a herbaceous emergent plant that is widespread across much of North and South America as well as Europe, New Zealand and Australia.[1][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]

Schoenoplectus pungens
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Cyperaceae
Genus: Schoenoplectus
Species:
S. pungens
Binomial name
Schoenoplectus pungens
(Vahl) Palla
Synonyms[1]
  • Scirpus pungens Vahl
  • Heleogiton pungens (Vahl) Rchb. in J.C.Mössler & H.G.L.Reichenbach
  • Scirpus americanus var. pungens (Vahl) Barros & Osten

Habitat


Threesquare is found in open, sun-lit marshes and along the shores of lakes and ponds, in water up to 1 m (3 ft 3 in) deep. It is resistant to fire.[12][13][14][15]


Description


Schoenoplectus pungens is a long-lived perennial herb up to 1.5 m (4 ft 11 in) tall.[13] The foliage is dark green, rough and dense. The small flowers are grouped in dense spikelets, with of 1–7 spikelets on each stem.[13] The seeds are brown.[13]

It is closely related to S. americanus, and many S. pungens specimens have long been misidentified as S. americanus.[3]


References


  1. Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Schoenoplectus pungens". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 1 February 2016.
  3. Flora of North America
  4. BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
  5. "Family Cyperaceae Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla". Wisplants. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  6. Jermy, C., Simpson, D., Foley, M. & Porter, M. (2007). Sedges of the British Isles. B.S.B.I. Handbook No. 1 , ed. 3: 1-554. Botanical Society of the British Isles, London.
  7. Govaerts, R. & Simpson, D.A. (2007). World Checklist of Cyperaceae. Sedges: 1-765. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
  8. Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2008). Flora Iberica 18: 1-420. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.
  9. Rothrock, P.E. (2009). Sedges of Indiana and adjacent states: the non-Carex species: 1-271. Indiana Academy of Sciences.
  10. Danylyk, I.M. & Honcharenko, V.I. (2009). Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla (Cyperaceae), a new species for of the Ukrainian flora. Ukrayins'k Botanichnyi Zhurnal 66: 650-655.
  11. Acevedo-Rodríguez, P. & Strong, M.T. (2012). Catalogue of seed plants of the West Indies. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 98: 1-1192.
  12. "Schoenoplectus pungens (Vahl) Palla". CalFlora. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  13. "Conservation Plant Characteristics". USDA.gov. Retrieved 4 February 2013.
  14. "Schoenoplectus pungens v. pungens (Scirpus pungens, Scirpus americanus)". Native Plant Center. Retrieved 4 January 2013.
  15. "Scirpus pungens Vahl three square". CalFlora. Retrieved 4 February 2013.




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