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Salix caspica is a plant from the willow genus (Salix) within the willow family (Salicaceae). The natural range extends from eastern European Russia to far western China.

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Salix caspica
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Malpighiales
Family:	Salicaceae
Genus:	Salix
Species:	S. caspica
Binomial name
Salix caspica Pall.[1]
Synonyms[2]
Salix volgensis Andersson

Taxonomy

Salix caspica is a species from the section Helix in the genus of willows (Salix) within the willow family (Salicaceae).[3][4] It was first published in 1788 by Peter Simon Pallas.[1][5] The specific epithet 'caspica' refers to the distribution area along the Caspian Sea.[6]

The holotype was collected in the Ryn Desert and is housed in the Komarov Botanical Institute in St. Petersburg.[7]

It forms the natural hybrid S. × turgaiskensis E.L.Wolf with S. rosmarinifolia in Kazakhstan.[1][8] It also hybridises with S. siberica, S. tenuijulis and S. viminalis sensu lato.[7]

Infraspecific variation

• Salix caspica f. longifolia was described by Nils Johan Andersson in the Prodromus, it has leaves up to 12cm in length and 0.4 to 0.6cm broad.[7]
• Salix caspica f. pruinosa is another form described by Andersson. It is very rare. It has dark purple branches covered in a thick pruinose (waxy) bloom.[7]

Description

Vegetative characteristics

Salix caspica is a large shrub with a height of up to 5 meters. The bark is gray. The bark of the relatively thin branches is yellowish and shiny. The buds are about 5 millimeters long and pointed.[5]

The alternate leaves arranged on the branches are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 3 to 5 millimeters long and glabrous. With a length of 5 to 8 centimeters and a width of 4 to 5 centimeters, the simple leaf blade is linear-lanceolate or linear with a wedge-shaped base, long, pointed and entire. Both sides of the leaf are the same color, initially slightly tomentose and later glabrous. The caducous stipules are linear.[5]

The number of chromosomes is 2n=38.[9]

Generative characteristics

The inflorescences are long, cylindrical, almost subsessile, terete, densely flowered catkins with deciduous, scale-like leaflets at the base. The inflorescence rachis is tomentose-hairy. The bracts are brownish, pilose-hairy with a blunt tip. Male flowers have two stamens, with their filaments fused to each other and downy-haired at the base, and with yellow anthers. Female flowers have a ovoid-conical, densely tomentose, subsessile ovary. The style is very short, the stigma is capitulate. The fruit is a brownish, pubescent capsule.[5]

Distribution

The natural range extends from the eastern European Russia in the northern Caucausus, Southern Federal District, Volga Federal District and the Ural Federal District,[2] eastwards to Kazakhstan,[2][5] Turkmenistan,[2] and Iran, extending to Dauria, Mongolia[7] and the western part of the Chinese province of Xinjiang.[5]

Ecology

It grows in open forests along rivers in China,[5] elsewhere it grows along rivers in deserts and steppes in loose sandy soil or sand dunes with a high water table, and in mountain valleys up to 2,000 metres in altitude. It is also typically found in blow outs. It requires much light to grow.[7]

Salix caspica blooms before the leaves appear, in Xinjiang from April to May. The fruits ripen in Xinjiang in June.[5] In Russia it also flowers in May and fruits in June.[7]

Uses

Salix caspica is planted to stabilize slopes and sandy soils. Baskets and other wicker articles are woven from the branches.[5] It is considered an excellent species for this purpose, growing straight, thin, pliable stems to 2m or longer in a season. It was also grown as an ornamental plant in the Soviet Union.[7]

References

На других языках

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- [en] Salix caspica

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[ru] Ива каспийская

И́ва каспи́йская (лат. Salix caspica) — вид лиственных деревьев или кустарников из рода Ива (Salix) семейства Ивовые (Salicaceae).

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