Pentanema squarrosum, known as ploughman's-spikenard,[1] is a species of plant in the family Asteraceae found in Europe, North Africa, and the Near East.[2][3]

Pentanema squarrosum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Pentanema
Species:	P. squarrosum
Binomial name
Pentanema squarrosum (L.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.
Synonyms
Aster conyzae Griess. Conyza squarrosa L. Conyza vulgaris Lam. Helenium vulgare Kuntze Inula conyza DC. Inula conyzae (Griess.) Meikle Inula foetida Dulac Inula squarrosa Bernh. ex DC. Inula vulgaris Trevis. Jacobaea canzya (DC.) Merino Inula suaveolens Jacq. Pentanema conyzae (Griess.) D.Gut.Larr., Santos-Vicente, Anderb., E.Rico & M.M.Mart.Ort.

It is a tall, hairy plant (to 1.2 m) that grows on calcareous, low-nutrient, well-drained soils. It is a short lived perennial plant. Before flowering, the basal rosette of leaves resembles those of foxgloves. It flowers after mid-summer in Europe, from July to September.[3] When in flower, the plant has many small flowerheads grouped together into a flat-topped structure that resembles a single flowerhead (pseudanthium). The individual flowerheads have prominent yellow disc florets and no (or inconspicuous) ray florets.[4]

References

External links

• photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Spain

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