This is a list of psychoactive plants, fungi, and animals.

Plants

Psychoactive plants include, but are not limited to, the following examples:

• Cannabis: cannabinoids
• Tobacco: nicotine and beta-carboline alkaloids
• Coca: cocaine
• Opium Poppy: morphine, codeine, thebaine, papaverine, noscapine, and narceine
• Salvia divinorum: salvinorin A
• Khat: cathine and cathinone
• Kava: kavalactones
• Nutmeg: myristicin

• Nightshade (Solanaceae) plants containing hyoscyamine, atropine, and scopolamine:
  • Datura
  • Deadly nightshade (Atropa belladonna)
  • Henbane (Hyoscyamus niger)
  • Mandrake (Mandragora officinarum)
  • Other Solanaceae

• Psychoactive cacti, which contain mainly mescaline:
  • Peyote
  • Other Lophophora
  • Peruvian Torch cactus
  • San Pedro cactus
  • Other Echinopsis

• Minimally psychoactive plants that contain mainly caffeine and theobromine:
  • Coffee
  • Tea (also contains theanine)
  • Guarana
  • Yerba Mate
  • Cocoa
  • Kola

• Other plants:
  • Mimosa hostilis: DMT
  • Chacruna: DMT, NMT
  • Cebil and Yopo: DMT, 5-MeO-DMT, bufotenin
  • Mucuna pruriens: nicotine, serotonin, and bufotenin
  • Morning glory species, notably Hawaiian Baby Woodrose: lysergic acid amide (LSA or ergine)
  • Iboga: ibogaine, noribogaine, ibogamine, voacangine, 18-methoxycoronaridine
  • Ephedra: ephedrine
  • Acacia species
  • Damiana
  • Calea zacatechichi
  • Silene capensis
  • Valerian: valerian
  • Areca nut: arecaidine and arecoline
  • Kratom: mitragynine, mitraphylline, 7-hydroxymitragynine, raubasine, and corynantheidine
  • Rauvolfia serpentina: rauwolscine
  • Yohimbe: yohimbine, corynantheidine
  • Kanna: mesembrine and mesembrenone
  • Glaucium flavum (yellow horned poppy, yellow hornpoppy or sea poppy): glaucine
  • California poppies: protopine

Fungi

• Psilocybin mushrooms: psilocybin, psilocin, aeruginascin, baeocystin, and norbaeocystin
• Amanita muscaria: ibotenic acid, muscimol, and muscarine
• Dictyonema huaorani: psilocybin, DMT, and 5-MeO-DMT
• Collybia maculata: collybolide[1]

Animals

• Colorado River toad (Sonoran Desert toad or Bufo alvarius): 5-MeO-DMT and bufotenin
• Asiatic toad and certain tree frogs (Osteocephalus taurinus, Osteocephalus oophagus, and Osteocephalus langsdorfii): bufotenin

• Tree frogs belonging to the genus Phyllomedusa, notably P. bicolor: opioid peptides, including deltorphin, deltorphin I, deltorphin II, and dermorphin
• Hallucinogenic fish
• Sea sponges containing DMT analogs:
  • Smenospongia aurea: 5-Bromo-DMT[2][3]
  • Smenospongia echina: 5,6-Dibromo-DMT[2][3]
  • Verongula rigida: 5-Bromo-DMT, 5,6-Dibromo-DMT, et al.[2][3]
  • Eudistoma fragum: 5-Bromo-DMT[2]
  • Paramuricea clavata: DMT, NMT[2]
  • Villogorgia rubra: NMT[2]

See also

• List of substances used in rituals
• Entheogenic drugs and the archaeological record
• List of plants used for smoking
• Medicinal fungi

References