bio.wikisort.org - Plant
Lapsana communis, the common nipplewort,[2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe and southwestern Asia. and widely naturalized in other regions including North America.[3][4][5]
| Lapsana communis | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Lapsana |
| Species: | L. communis |
| Binomial name | |
| Lapsana communis L. | |
| Synonyms[1] | |
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Synonymy
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Description
Lapsana communis is an annual[6] or perennial herbaceous plant growing to 1–1.2 m (3 ft 3 in – 3 ft 11 in) tall, with erect, hairy branching stems and clear (not milky) sap. The leaves are alternate and spirally arranged; the larger leaves at the base of the flowering stem are often pinnate, with a large oval terminal leaflet and one to four small side leaflets, while smaller leaves higher on the stem are simple oval; all leaves have toothed margins. The flowers are yellow, produced in a capitulum 1–2 cm (0.39–0.79 in) diameter, the capitula being numerous in loose clusters at the top of the stem.[7][8] The capitulum is surrounded by a whorl of involucral bracts, the outer ones very small and the inner ones erect, narrow and stiff and all the same length. The eight to fifteen florets are all ligulate[6] and pale yellow, shaped like a tongue with a five-toothed tip. Each has five stamens and a gynoecium composed of two fused carpels. The fruit is a cypsela surrounded by the hardened remains of the involucral bracts. The numerous small seeds are retained in the cypsela until the plant is shaken by the wind or a passing animal.[9] Pappus is absent.[6]
- Lapsana communis subsp. adenophora (Boiss.) Rech.f. – Southeast Europe
- Lapsana communis subsp. alpina (Boiss. & Balansa) P.D.Sell. – Crimea
- Lapsana communis subsp. communis – most of Europe, except the southeast
- Lapsana communis subsp. grandiflora (M. Bieb.) P.D.Sell. – Southwest Asia
- Lapsana communis subsp. intermedia (M. Bieb.) Hayek. – Southwest Asia, southeast Europe
- Lapsana communis subsp. pisidica (Boiss. & Heldr.) Rech.f. – Greece
Distribution and habitat
Away from its native area, Lapsana communis is common throughout the British Isles,[12] naturalised, and sometimes considered an invasive species, in many areas around the world, including Australia,[13] Chile,[14] New Zealand,[15] Greenland,[16] and most of Canada and the United States.[16]
Lapsana communis is found growing in arable fields, woods, hedges,[6] roadsides, wasteland, hedgerows, woodland margins and clear-felled areas in forests.[9]
Cultivation and uses
The young leaves are edible, and can be used in salads or cooked like spinach.[17] Because of its tiny hairs, some might prefer it mixed with other vegetables.[18] The scientific name comes from lapsane, an edible herb described by Marcus Terentius Varro of ancient Rome. The English name 'nipplewort' derives from its closed flower buds[verification needed], which resemble nipples. Because of its resemblance to nipples, under the doctrine of signatures it was once used as treatment for breast ulcers.[19]
See also
- Nanakusa-no-sekku
References
- The Plant List Lapsana communis L.
- USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Lapsana communis". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 18 January 2016.
- Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Lapsana
- Flora of North America, Lapsana communis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 811. 1753.
- Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
- Parnell, J. and Curtis, Y. 2012 Webb's An Irish Flora. Cork University Press. ISBN 978-185918-4783
- Flora of Northwestern Europe: Lapsana communis[permanent dead link]
- Blamey, M. & Grey-Wilson, C. (1989). Flora of Britain and Northern Europe. ISBN 0-340-40170-2
- "Nipplewort: Lapsana communis". NatureGate. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
- Flora Europaea: [ Lapsana communis]
- "Lapsana communis". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 10 January 2018.
- Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg, E.F. 1968. Excursion Flora of the British Isles. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0 521 04656 4
- Flora of New South Wales: Lapsana communis.
- Flora of Chile: Lapsana communis.
- Flora of New Zealand: Lapsana communis.
- Flora of North America: Lapsana communis.
- Plants for a Future: Lapsana communis.
- Nyerges, Christopher (2017). Foraging Washington: Finding, Identifying, and Preparing Edible Wild Foods. Guilford, CT: Falcon Guides. ISBN 978-1-4930-2534-3. OCLC 965922681.
- Parkinson, J. (1640). Theatrum Botanicum; or an Herball of Large Extent.
Media related to Lapsana communis at Wikimedia Commons
На других языках
- [en] Lapsana communis
[es] Lapsana communis
Lapsana es un género monotípico de plantas herbáceas perteneciente a la familia Asteraceae. Su única especie: Lapsana communis. Es nativa de Europa donde crece en campos aclarados, secos o húmedos y especialmente entre cultivos de cereales.[ru] Бородавник обыкновенный
Борода́вник обыкнове́нный (лат. Lapsána commúnis) — травянистое растение, вид рода Бородавник семейства Сложноцветные (Compositae), типовой вид рода.Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.
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