bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Juglans californica, the California black walnut, also called the California walnut, or the Southern California black walnut,[1] is a large shrub or small tree (about 20-49[3] feet tall) of the walnut family, Juglandaceae, endemic to Southern California.

Juglans californica
Conservation status
Near Threatened  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Fagales
Family:	Juglandaceae
Genus:	Juglans
Section:	Juglans sect. Rhysocaryon
Species:	J. californica
Binomial name
Juglans californica S. Wats.[2]
Natural range

Distribution

Juglans californica is generally found in the southern California Coast Ranges, Transverse Ranges, and Peninsular Ranges. It grows as part of mixed woodlands, and also on slopes and in valleys wherever conditions are favorable. It is threatened by development and overgrazing.[1] Some native stands remain in urban Los Angeles in the Santa Monica Mountains and Hollywood Hills. J. californica grows in riparian woodlands, either in single species stands or mixed with California's oaks (Quercus spp.) and cottonwoods (Populus fremontii).

Description

Juglans californica can be either a large shrub with 1–5 trunks, or a small, single-trunked tree. The main trunk can fork close to the ground, making it look like two trees that have grown together, then diverged. It has thick bark, deeply channeled or furrowed at maturity. It has large, pinnately compound leaves with 11–19 lanceolate leaflets with toothed margins and no hair in the vein angles.[4] It has a small hard nut in a shallowly grooved, thick shell that is difficult to remove.

Uses

Food

The nuts are edible[5] and were eaten by the Chumash Indians of the Channel Islands of California and Ventura County .^{[citation needed]} They are not grown commercially as food.^{[citation needed]}

Cultivation

Juglans californica is cultivated throughout California to support the walnut industry, used as a rootstock in English walnut orchards. It is also cultivated as an ornamental tree where it is planted in California native plant, xeriscape, and wildlife habitat gardens and natural landscaping in California, and in Hawaii.

Taxonomy

Some authorities (e.g. the California Native Plant Society) combine this species with Juglans hindsii. On the other hand, a 2007 molecular analysis of the genus[6] suggests J. californica is sister to the remaining black walnuts (section Rhysocaryon). This article follows the conventions of The Jepson Manual.[7][8]

References

Further reading

• Anderson, E. N. "Some preliminary observations on the California black walnut (Juglans californica)" in Fremontia: A Journal of the California Native Plant Society. January 2002.

External links

• Jepson Manual Treatment – Juglans californica
• Ecology
• Juglans californica – U.C. Photo gallery
• Interactive Distribution Map for Juglans californica

На других языках

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[de] Kalifornische Walnuss

Die Kalifornische Walnuss (Juglans californica) ist eine nordamerikanische Pflanzenart der Gattung Walnüsse (Juglans). Sie ist nur in einem kleinen Gebiet in Kalifornien heimisch bzw. endemisch.

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- [en] Juglans californica

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[ru] Орех калифорнийский

Оре́х калифорни́йский (лат. Juglans californica) — деревянистое растение, вид рода Орех (Juglans) семейства Ореховых (Juglandaceae).

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