bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Iris xanthospuria is a species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Limniris and in the series Spuriae. It is a rhizomatous perennial plant, from Turkey with yellow flowers. It was originally known as 'Turkey yellow'. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in temperate regions.

Iris xanthospuria
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Iridaceae
Genus:	Iris
Subgenus:	Iris subg. Limniris
Section:	Iris sect. Limniris
Series:	Iris ser. Spuriae
Species:	I. xanthospuria
Binomial name
Iris xanthospuria Brian Mathew and T.Baytop
Synonyms[1]
Chamaeiris xanthospuria (B.Mathew & T.Baytop) M.B.Crespo Xyridion xanthospurium (B.Mathew & T.Baytop) Rodion.

Description

It is different in form to Iris pseudacorus, another yellow flowering iris found in Turkey.[2]

It has a thick rhizome, covered with the fibrous remains of the bases of the previous seasons leaves.[3]

It has grey-green, tough and erect leaves.[3][4] They can grow up to between 30–80 cm (12–31 in) long,[2] and 1–2 cm wide.[3][4][5] The leaves are generally equal or shorter than the stems,[4] and also evergreen.[2][6]

It has stems with between 1 – 2 compact, erect branches,[3] that can grow up to between 30–100 cm (12–39 in) long.[7][8][9]

The stems have 2–5,[4] green spathes, (leaves of the flower bud), that are 6–12 cm long, with membranous margins.[3][4] The stems or peduncle hold 2–5,[4] terminal (top of stem) flowers, between spring and summer,[10] in April–May.[3][5]

The flowers are smaller than Iris crocea, 9–11 cm (4–4 in) in diameter,[5] that come in shades of yellow,[8][9] deep yellow flowers,[4][7][10] golden yellow,[3] lemon-yellow,[11] and vivid yellow.[12] deep, rich yellow flowers.[10]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals, known as the 'standards'.[2][13] The falls are 5.5–7.5 cm (2–3 in) long and have orbicular blade, broadly elliptical or ovate, 2.5–3 cm long and 0.7–1.2 (−1.5) cm wide.[2][3][4] They sometimes have a darker yellow patch on the blade of the falls.[11] They also have an un-winged claw (section closest to the stem).[3][4] The upright standards are oblanceolate and 5–7 cm (2–3 in) long and 1.3–2.4 cm wide.[2][3][4] They are also paler in colour.[11]

It has 2–4 cm long pedicels, 1.5–2 cm long ovary, that has a beak-like point and a small, 0.7–1 cm long perianth tube.[3]

It has 4–4.5 cm long and 0.7–1.2 cm wide style branches, that are sharply recurved, and have broadly triangular lobes that are 4–5 mm long.[3] They are also paler in colour, similar to the standards.[11]

After the iris has flowered, it produces an oblong, seed capsule, that is 4–5 cm long, with a tapering beak, up to 3 cm long.[3]

Biochemistry

As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[13] It has a chromosome count: 2n=40.[4][7][8]

Taxonomy

In Russia it is known as 'Ksanthospuria Iris'.[14]

In Czech, it is known as 'Žlutěpochybný iris'.[15]

In Turkish, it is known as 'Altin susen',[2][16] (meaning 'Gold Iris').[6]

It has the common name of 'Turkey yellow'.[4][7][8]

The Latin specific epithet xanthospuria refers to a combination of 'xanthos' meaning yellow,[17] and 'spuria' from Iris spuria.

In 1948, Dr. Lee W. Lenz was given some seeds from Professor Haydar Bagda of Ankara University. He grew these into a plant, which he called "Turkey Yellow".[3]

It was first published and described as Iris xanthospuria by Brian Mathew and Turhan Baytop in 'The Garden' (published in London) Vol.107 Issue11, page446 in 1982.[18][19]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service on 3 December 2004.[19]

Iris xanthospuria is an accepted name by the RHS.[20]

Distribution and habitat

It is native to western Asia.[19]

Range

It was first grown from seed, collected near Ankara, Turkey in 1948, other specimens have been found in Mugla and Antakya.[4][5][12]

It is found in Turkey,[10][18][19](including along the edges of Koycegiz Lake,[2] in Hatay,[5]) and Syria.[19]

Habitat

Iris xanthospuria grows in marshy meadows,[3][5][7] in swampy areas,[2] and beside stream sides.[3][5][7] Some habitats are known to dry out in summer.[5]

It has also been found within Eucalyptus plantations.[5]

It grows at altitudes of between 40-1000m above sea level.[3][7][21]

Conservation

It is listed as rare and threatened.[9][10]

Some plants have been found in Marmaris National Park and the Gokova and Datça-Bozburun Special Protection Areas. With other rare endemic plants such as; Allium sandrasic, Arenaria lusche, Centaurea cariensis, Eryngium thorifoli, Ferulago mughlai, Gypsophila confertiflor, Isatis pinnatilob, Sedum carica, Senecio sandrasicus, Sideritis leptocla, Sideritis albiflora, Silene tunicoides and Thymus cariensis.[22]

Cultivation

It is hardy to −15 °C.[5]

It prefers to grow in good heavy garden soil,[5] it is tolerant of most soils, as long as there is plenty of moisture during the growing season.[2][6]

It prefers positions in full sun.[2][5][6][9]

Propagation

It can also be propagated by division (splitting the rhizomes of established plants) or by seed growing.[2]

Hybrids and cultivars

It is used in hybridization, due to the yellow colour of the flowers.[4]

References

Sources

• Davis, P. H., ed. 1965–1988. Flora of Turkey and the east Aegean islands.
• Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 119.

External links

• Has an image of Iris xanthospuria
• Print of iris xanthospuria
• Data related to Iris xanthospuria at Wikispecies

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