bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Geum quellyon, commonly called scarlet avens,[6] Chilean avens, Double Bloody Mary,[7] or Grecian rose, is a perennial herb in the family Rosaceae. It is native to the central and southern regions of Chile.[3] G. quellyon has been introduced to other countries including Belgium,[8] Bolivia,[3] and the United Kingdom, where it was first planted in 1826.[9]

Geum quellyon
Geum quellyon cultivar 'Mrs Bradshaw'
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Rosaceae
Genus:	Geum
Species:	G. quellyon
Binomial name
Geum quellyon Sweet
Synonyms
Geum chiloense hort.[1] Geum chilense[2] Balb. ex Lindl.[3] Geum chilense var. grandiflorum Lindl.[3] Geum coccineum Lindl.[lower-roman 1][2] Geum grandiflorum Lindl. ex. Steud.[lower-roman 2][3]

Description

Macroscale

Plants reach a height of between 6 and 100 centimeters (2.4 and 39.4 inches).[10] Leaves are compound, with between 3 and 10 pairs of leaflets.[10] G. quellyon grows a thick taproot which smells of cloves when broken due to the presence of aromatic compounds.[10][11] Flowers vary in colour from yellow-orange to pink-red.[12]

Microscale

When in metaphase, somatic chromosomes of G. quellyon (and of G. magellanicum, another species of Geum native to Chile)[13] are shorter and fatter than those in other Geum species.[14]

Distribution

G. quellyon is native to the following regions of Chile: Araucanía, Aysén, Biobío, Los Lagos (including the island of Chiloé),[15] Magallanes, Maule, Metropolitana de Santiago, Ñuble, O’Higgins, Los Ríos, and Valparaíso.[16]

Uses

Medicinal

G. quellyon has been used in the traditional medicine of the Mapuche people of Chile for tooth neuralgia, gastric inflammation, prostatitis, and to regulate menstruation.[17][18] A methanolic extract is obtained from its roots.[18]

Observations of a kidney transplant patient showed a pharmacological interaction between G. quellyon and cyclosporine,[19] an immunosuppressant used to prevent transplant rejection.[20]

Horticultural

Geum quellyon is commonly cultivated as a garden ornamental, and in that context is sometimes called Geum chiloense.[1] G. quellyon grows best in full sun to part shade, in moist but well-drained soil.[21][22] Plants become damaged and do not recover well if exposed to temperatures of −4.4 °C (24.1 °F) or below.[23]

Cultivars include:

• Geum 'Blazing Sunset', which produces brick-red double flowers on tall stems from June to September.[24][25] It grows to a height and spread of approximately 60 centimeters (24 inches).[25]
• Geum 'Lady Stratheden',[26] also known as Geum 'Gold Ball', which produces yellow semi-double flowers. The Royal Horticultural Society has awarded Geum 'Lady Stratheden' the Award of Garden Merit.[27]
• Geum 'Mrs J Bradshaw',[28] which produces large semi-double flowers[29] from June to September.[30] It grows to a height and spread of approximately 60 cm.[31] It is often planted in cottage gardens.[32] The Royal Horticultural Society has awarded Geum 'Mrs J Bradshaw' the Award of Garden Merit.[29]
• Geum 'Totally Tangerine', which is a hybrid of G. quellyon 'Mrs J Bradshaw' and G. rivale.[33] It grows to a height of 90 centimeters (35 inches), and produces sterile, peach-orange flowers.[34] It is subject to plant breeders' rights in the European Union and the United Kingdom until 31 December 2036.[35][36]

Diseases

G. quellyon may be affected by pathogens belonging to the genus Peronospora.[37]

Notes

References

External links

• Data related to Geum quellyon at Wikispecies
• Media related to Geum quellyon at Wikimedia Commons

На других языках

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- [en] Geum quellyon

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[es] Geum quellyon

La especie Geum quellyon, sinónimo de Geum chiloense (hierba del clavo), es una planta perteneciente a la familia de las rosáceas.

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[ru] Гравилат чилийский

Гравила́т чили́йский[3] (лат. Geum quellyon) — травянистое многолетнее растение рода Гравилат семейства Розовые (Rosaceae).

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