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Description


Fraxinus ornus is a medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 15–25 m (49–82 ft) tall with a trunk up to 1 m diameter. The bark is dark grey, remaining smooth even on old trees.

The buds are pale pinkish-brown to grey-brown, with a dense covering of short grey hairs.

The leaves are in opposite pairs, pinnate, 20–30 cm (7.9–12 in) long, with 5 to 9 leaflets; the leaflets are broad ovoid, 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) long and 2–4 cm (0.8–2 in) broad, with a finely serrated and wavy margin, and short but distinct petiolules 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long; the autumn colour is variable, yellow to purplish.

The flowers are produced in dense panicles 10–20 cm (3.9–7.9 in) long after the new leaves appear in late spring, each flower with four slender creamy white petals 5–6 mm (0.20–0.24 in) long; they are pollinated by insects.

The fruit is a slender samara 1.5–2.5 cm (0.59–0.98 in) long, the seed 2 mm (0.08 in) broad and the wing 4–5 mm (0.2–0.2 in) broad, green ripening brown.[1][2][3]


Cultivation and uses


Fraxinus ornus is frequently grown as an ornamental tree in Europe north of its native range for its decorative flowers—the species is also sometimes called "flowering ash". Some cultivated specimens are grafted on rootstocks of Fraxinus excelsior, with an often very conspicuous change in the bark at the graft line to the fissured bark of the rootstock species.[2]

A sugary extract from the sap may be obtained by making a cut in the bark;[1] this was compared in late medieval times (attested by around 1400 AD[4]) with the biblical manna, giving rise to the English name of the tree, and some of the vernacular names from its native area (fresno del maná in Spanish, frassino da manna in Italian). In fact, the sugar mannose and the sugar alcohol mannitol both derive their names from the extract.


References


  1. Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-220013-9.
  2. Mitchell, A. F. (1974). A Field Guide to the Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-212035-6
  3. Mitchell, A. F. (1982). The Trees of Britain and Northern Europe. Collins ISBN 0-00-219037-0
  4. Oxford English Dictionary



На других языках

[de] Manna-Esche

Die Manna-Esche (Fraxinus ornus), auch Blumen-Esche oder Schmuckesche genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung der Eschen (Fraxinus) in der Familie der Ölbaumgewächse (Oleaceae). Ihren Namen verdankt sie dem Saft, der aus angeritzten Ästen und Zweigen austritt und schnell erhärtet. Der Saft enthält neben einigen anderen Inhaltsstoffen den süß schmeckenden, sechs-wertigen Alkohol Mannitol und ist daher für die medizinische Anwendung interessant. In Süditalien wird die Manna-Esche zur Gewinnung des Siebröhrensaftes („Manna“) in Plantagen angebaut.
- [en] Fraxinus ornus

[es] Fraxinus ornus

Fraxinus ornus, el fresno de flor,[1] orno, fresno del maná o fresno florido, es una especie de árbol perteneciente a la familia Oleaceae.

[it] Fraxinus ornus

Il Fraxinus ornus è una pianta della famiglia delle Oleaceae (conosciuto come orniello od orno e chiamato volgarmente anche frassino da manna o albero della manna nelle zone di produzione della manna), è un albero che può superare i 10 metri di altezza, ma viene spesso rigovernato a cespuglio.

[ru] Ясень манновый

Ясень манновый, или Ясень манный, или Ясень белый (лат. Fraxinus ornus) — растение семейства Маслиновые, вид рода Ясень, произрастающее в Южной Европе и Юго-Западной Азии.


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