bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Search / Calendar

Cylindropuntia californica is a species of cholla cactus known by the common name snake cholla. It is primarily found in Baja California, Mexico and the southernmost part of California in the United States. It is characterized by a short, decumbent habit, yellow-green flowers, elongated stems, and short spines. It is mostly found in coastal sage scrub and coastal chaparral habitats,[3] but two varieties in Baja California can be found in foothills and deserts. In California, variety californica is regarded as a rare and threatened plant, with a California Native Plant Society listing of 1B.1, in part due to its limited number of occurrences and threats from development.[4] It formerly had a larger range due to the inclusion of Cylindropuntia bernardina within it as the variety parkeri.[5]

Cylindropuntia californica
Conservation status

Imperiled  (NatureServe)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Caryophyllales
Family: Cactaceae
Genus: Cylindropuntia
Species:
C. californica
Binomial name
Cylindropuntia californica
(Torr. & A.Gray) F.M.Knuth
Synonyms[2]
  • Cephalocereus californicus (Torr. & A.Gray) K.Schum.
  • Cereus californicus Torr. & A.Gray
  • Grusonia californica (Torr. & A.Gray) G.D.Rowley
  • Opuntia californica (Torr. & A.Gray) Coville
  • Opuntia parryi var. serpentina (Engelm.) L.D. Benson
  • Cactus californicus Torr. & A.Gray
  • Opuntia serpentina Engelm.

Description


A short, sprawling cactus, this species is typically found growing less than 1.5 m (4.9 ft) high. There are usually several to many trunks, with the main branches and stems usually sprawling along the ground or becoming erect. The terminal segments of the stems are usually less than 25 cm (9.8 in) long and measure 2 to 4 cm (0.79 to 1.57 in) in diameter. The tubercles on the stem measure 7 to 20 mm (0.28 to 0.79 in) and are less than 5 mm (0.20 in) high.[3]

The spines of this cactus are generally less than 2 cm (0.79 in) long, and are colored a yellow to orange-brown. Most species of cholla have paper-like sheath enclosed over their spines.[6] On this species, the sheath is a translucent white to gold-brown. The flower is yellow to yellow-green, and the filaments are green. The fruit is leathery, and may have no spines or many. The seeds are less than 7 mm (0.28 in) long.[3]


Taxonomy



Taxonomic history


This species was first detailed by English botanist Thomas Nuttall, who arrived in San Diego in May 1836 by ship. He noted the small yellow flowers, numerous clusters of long and short spines, and arid habitat. He sent this description to John Torrey and Asa Gray under the name Cactus californicus.[7]

Variety delgadilloana was originally described in 2001 by Jon Rebman and Donald Pinkava as Cylindropuntia delgadilloana. It is named after the botanist Jose Delgadillo.[8]

Variety rosarica was originally described by George Lindsay in 1942 as Opuntia rosarica, with the type material collected by Lindsay at San Telmo in August 1941.[9]


Varieties


The infraspecific taxa of Cylindropuntia californica are variously recognized as subspecies[10] or varieties. The list below follows the treatment in the Jepson eFlora and the 2016 Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Baja California, Mexico produced by the San Diego Natural History Museum.

Formerly included:


Distribution and habitat


All 3 varieties of this species are found in Baja California, Mexico, with var. california only found in the United States in southern San Diego County. Variety californica is usually found in sandy soils and sandy loams of slopes and valleys, typically in coastal sage scrub and coastal chaparral, at elevations between 30 to 150 m (98 to 492 ft).[4] The other two varieties in Baja California have more inland distributions, including one in the San Felipe Desert and one on the western slope of the Sierra de San Pedro Mártir.[11]




References


  1. "Opuntia californica var. californica". NatureServe Explorer. Arlington, Virginia: NatureServe. 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  2. "Cylindropuntia californica". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 8 August 2022.
  3. Baker, Marc; Parfitt, Bruce D.; Rebman, Jon (2022). "Cylindropuntia californica var. californica". Jepson eFlora (10 ed.). Jepson Flora Project. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  4. "Cylindropuntia californica var. californica". Rare Plant Inventory (v9-01 1.5 online ed.). California Native Plant Society, Rare Plant Program. 2022. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  5. Baker, Marc; Parfitt, Bruce D.; Rebman, Jon (2022). "Cylindropuntia bernardina". Jepson eFlora (10 ed.). Jepson Flora Project. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  6. "Definition of CHOLLA". Merriam Webster. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  7. Benson, Lyman David (1969). The native cacti of California. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press. p. 66. ISBN 0-8047-1526-2. OCLC 22779.
  8. Rebman, Jon P.; Pinkava, Donald J. (2001). "Cylindropuntia delgadilloana, a New Cholla (Cactaceae) from Baja California, Mexico". Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science. 33 (2): 154–156. ISSN 0193-8509. JSTOR 40024050.
  9. Lindsay, George (April 1942). "A New Species of Opuntia". Cactus and Succulent Journal of the Cactus and Succulent Society of America. 14 (4): 56–57. Retrieved 15 August 2022 via Internet Archive.
  10. Guzmán, Ulises; Arias, Salvador (2003). Catálogo de Cactáceas Mexicanas. UNAM. p. 49. ISBN 978-970-9000-20-7.
  11. Rebman, Jon P.; Gibson, Judy; Rich, Karen (15 November 2016). "Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Baja California, Mexico" (PDF). Proceedings of the San Diego Society of Natural History. San Diego Natural History Museum. 45: 100–102 via San Diego Plant Atlas & San Diego Natural History Museum.
  12. Baker, Marc; Pinkava, Donald (2018-12-26). "Chromosome Numbers in Some Cacti of Western North America — IX". Haseltonia. 2018 (25): 2–29. doi:10.2985/026.025.0103. S2CID 198151158.



На других языках


- [en] Cylindropuntia californica

[es] Cylindropuntia californica

Cylindropuntia californica es una especie de la familia Cactaceae nativa de Norteamérica, especialmente en México y Baja California.



Текст в блоке "Читать" взят с сайта "Википедия" и доступен по лицензии Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия.

Другой контент может иметь иную лицензию. Перед использованием материалов сайта WikiSort.org внимательно изучите правила лицензирования конкретных элементов наполнения сайта.

2019-2025
WikiSort.org - проект по пересортировке и дополнению контента Википедии