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Clematis patens is a species of perennial plant in the genus Clematis in the Ranunculaceae family. It is native to Japan (Honshu, Shikoku, and northern Kyushu) and Northeast Asia. It usually grows on the edge of forests. It is also planted for ornamental purposes.[4]

Clematis patens
Conservation status
NT (RL/RDB)[1]
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Ranunculales
Family: Ranunculaceae
Genus: Clematis
Species:
C. patens
Binomial name
Clematis patens
Synonyms[3]
  • Clematis azurea var. grandiflora Sieber
  • Clematis azurea var. grandiflora Sieber ex Loudon
  • Clematis florida var. standishii T.Moore
  • Clematis luloni K.Koch
  • Clematis monstrosa K.Koch
  • Clematis patens f. alba Makino
  • Clematis patens f. coerulescens Makino
  • Clematis patens var. gablenzii Courtin
  • Clematis patens var. pallida Regel
  • Clematis patens var. patens
  • Clematis patens var. revoluta Regel
  • Clematis patens var. sophia Van Houtte
  • Clematis patens var. standishii (T.Moore) Regel
  • Clematis patens var. standishii (T.Moore) Rehder, 1914
  • Clematis standishii (T.Moore) T.Moore

Etymology


The name of the genus Clematis is a derivation of the Ancient Greek word "clématis", which means "climbing". This is a description of the tendency that species show to be climbers.[5] And patens means "opening". In Japan, C. patens is called "kazaguruma", which means pinwheel.[6]


Description



Stem


The stems are brown and they become woody.[7]


Flower


White or pale purple single flowers grow at the tips of short shoots in May or June. The calyx that looks like a petal is usually 8 pieces and length of 7–8 cm, but the variation is large depending on the type. Achene is broad-ovate, yellow-brown feather-like.[7]


Leaf


The leaves are pinnate compound leaves consisting of 3–5 leaflets and length of 3–10 cm.[7]


Conservation


C. patens has been designated as Near Threatened (NT) on the Red List by the Ministry of the Environment in Japan,[1] and some prefectures in Japan have been designated as Red List.[8]


Cultural significance


"The native fabric of Clematis patens" in Uda, Nara was designated as a Japanese national natural monument on 14 January 1948.[9][10] C. patens has been designated as a city flower in Funabashi, Chiba.[11]


References


  1. "RL/RDB". Ministry of the Environment (Japan). Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  2. Kohji Yonekura, Tadashi Kajita (2003). "カザグルマ". YList. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  3. "Clematis patens". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. Retrieved 13 June 2021.
  4. "カザグルマ（クレマチス）". NTT Resonant Inc. Retrieved 7 June 2021.
  5. "「クレマチス」の意味・由来・語源". Lookvise,Inc. 8 April 2010. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  6. "「カザグルマ」の意味・由来・語源". Lookvise,Inc. 8 April 2010. Retrieved 6 June 2021.
  7. 日本の野草(Japanese wildflowers, ISBN 978-4-635-09042-1) Page 473
  8. "日本のレッドデータ検索システム". EnVision. 5 January 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  9. "国指定文化財等データベース「カザグルマ自生地」". Agency for Cultural Affairs. 14 October 1948. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  10. "国指定文化財". Uda, Nara. 1 September 2016. Retrieved 5 June 2021.
  11. "市の木・市の花". Funabashi. 7 April 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2021.




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