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Cinnamomum verum,[2] called true cinnamon tree or Ceylon cinnamon tree, is a small evergreen tree belonging to the family Lauraceae, native to Sri Lanka.[3] The inner bark of several other Cinnamomum species are also used to make cinnamon, but C. verum has a more subtle flavor.

Cinnamomum verum
Cinnamomum verum foliage and flowers
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Magnoliids
Order: Laurales
Family: Lauraceae
Genus: Cinnamomum
Species:
C. verum
Binomial name
Cinnamomum verum
Synonyms
  • Camphorina cinnamomum (L.) Farw.
  • Cinnamomum alexei Kosterm.
  • Cinnamomum aromaticum J.Graham
  • Cinnamomum barthii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum bengalense Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum biafranum Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum bonplandii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum boutonii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum capense Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum cayennense Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum cinnamomum (L.) H.Karst. nom. inval.
  • Cinnamomum commersonii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum cordifolium Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum decandollei Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum delessertii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum ellipticum Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum erectum Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum humboldtii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum iners Wight nom. illeg.
  • Cinnamomum karrouwa Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum leptopus A.C.Sm.
  • Cinnamomum leschenaultii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum madrassicum Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum maheanum Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum mauritianum Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum meissneri Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum ovatum Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum pallasii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum pleei Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum pourretii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum regelii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum roxburghii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum sieberi Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum sonneratii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum vaillantii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum variabile Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum wolkensteinii Lukman.
  • Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume
  • Cinnamomum zollingeri Lukman.
  • Laurus cinnamomum L.[1]

Description


Cinnamomum verum trees are 10–15 metres (30–50 feet) tall. The leaves are ovate-oblong in shape and 7–18 cm (3–7 inches) long. The flowers, which are arranged in panicles, have a greenish color and a distinct odour. The fruit is a purple 1cm drupe containing a single seed.[4]


Cultivation


The old botanical synonym for the tree, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, is derived from Sri Lanka's former name, Ceylon.[5] Sri Lanka still produces 80–90%[6] of the world's supply of C. verum, which is also cultivated on a commercial scale in the Seychelles, Madagascar and Tanzania.[7][8]


Cultivars


There are several different cultivars of Cinnamomum verum based on the taste of bark:[9]


Medicinal Uses


Cinnamon has a long history of use in traditional medicine as a digestive aid, however, contemporary studies are unable to find evidence of any significant medicinal or therapeutic effect.[10]


Processing


The trees grow as leafy bushes, usually reaching a maximum of 3 m (10 ft) in height. They are first harvested at 3 years old, and continue producing well for 40–50 years. Small side branches (1.5–5 cm in diameter) are removed from the trees. The outer bark is removed, and made into mulch. Twigs, leaves and berries (seeds) are crushed and make cinnamon oil, a less valuable byproduct. The inner bark of the branches are loosened by being rubbed with a brass rod. Then the bark is split with a brass or stainless steel knife and peeled off as intact as possible. Long, full 'quills' of cinnamon are more valuable than broken pieces. These quills are then dried over several days in the shade, then in darkness. All this work is done by hand by experienced workers; this is the most expensive part of producing cinnamon spice. Finally, the dried bark is cut into sticks or ground into powder for sale to consumers.




References


  1. "Cinnamomum verum J.Presl — The Plant List". www.theplantlist.org.
  2. "NCBI – Cinnamomum verum". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
  3. "Cinnamon". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. (species Cinnamomum zeylanicum), bushy evergreen tree of the laurel family (Lauraceae) native to Bangladesh, Sri Lanka (Ceylon), the neighboring Malabar coast of India, and Myanmar (Burma), and also cultivated in South America and the West Indies for the spice consisting of its dried inner bark. The bark is widely used as a spice due to its distinct odor.
  4. Cinnamomum verum Cinnamon, Ceylon Cinnamon Tree PFAF Plant Database
  5. "In pictures: Sri Lanka's spice of life". BBC News.
  6. "True cinnamon is pricey, but is there an honest difference?". Truly Ceylon Cinnamon. 2018-12-14. Retrieved 2019-04-19.
  7. Iqbal, Mohammed (1993). "International trade in non-wood forest products: An overview". FO: Misc/93/11 – Working Paper. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  8. "Upgrading cinnamon in Tanzania". ITC News. 26 June 2020. Archived from the original on 2022-01-13.
  9. "Cinnamon". Sri Lanka: Department of Export Agriculture. Archived from the original on 2017-04-28. Retrieved 2015-10-04.
  10. "Cinnamon". National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. National Institutes of Health. 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2017.



На других языках

[de] Ceylon-Zimtbaum

Der Ceylon-Zimtbaum oder Echter Zimtbaum (Cinnamomum verum) ist eine Pflanzenart innerhalb der Familie der Lorbeergewächse (Lauraceae). Die ursprüngliche Heimat ist Sri Lanka (Ceylon). Heute wird diese Art ebenfalls in vielen tropischen Ländern und Staaten wie Madagaskar und Sansibar angebaut.[1] Er ist die Quelle für den Ceylon-Zimt (genannt auch echter Zimt).
- [en] Cinnamomum verum

[es] Cinnamomum verum

El árbol de la canela, conocido como canelo,[1] (Cinnamomum zeylanicum o Cinnamomum verum J.Presl) es un árbol de hoja perenne, de 10 a 15 metros de altura, procedente de Sri Lanka. Se aprovecha como especia su corteza interna, que se obtiene pelando y frotando las ramas.

[it] Cinnamomum verum

La cannella o raramente cinnamomo (Cinnamomum verum, Presl) è un albero sempreverde della famiglia delle Lauracee, originario dello Sri Lanka,[1] dal quale si ricava l'omonima spezia.

[ru] Корица

Кори́ца, или Кори́чник цейло́нский (лат. Cinnamomum verum) — вечнозелёное дерево, вид рода Коричник (Cinnamomum) семейства Лавровые (Lauraceae).


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