bio.wikisort.org - Plant

Cinchona officinalis is a South American tree in the family Rubiaceae. It is native to wet montane forests in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, between 1600–2700 meters above sea level.[1]

Quinine bark
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Gentianales
Family:	Rubiaceae
Genus:	Cinchona
Species:	C. officinalis
Binomial name
Cinchona officinalis L.
Synonyms
List Cascarilla officinalis (L.) Ruiz Cinchona academica Guibourt Cinchona chahuarguera Pav. Cinchona coccinea Pav. ex DC. Cinchona colorata Lamb. Cinchona condaminea Bonpl. Cinchona condaminea var. chahuarguera Pav. ex DC. Cinchona condaminea var. lanceolata Wedd. Cinchona condaminea var. vera Wedd. Cinchona crispa Tafalla ex Howard. Cinchona lanceolata Ruiz & Pav. Cinchona lancifolia var. lanceolata Roem. & Schult. Cinchona legitima Ruiz ex Lamb. Cinchona lucumifolia var. stupea Wedd. Cinchona macrocalyx var. obtusifolia Pavón ex DC. Cinchona macrocalyx var. uritusinga Pav. ex DC. Cinchona obtusifolia Pav. ex DC. Cinchona officinalis var. bonplandiana-colorata Howard Cinchona officinalis var. bonplandiana-lutea Howard Cinchona officinalis var. condaminea (Bonpl.) Howard Cinchona officinalis var. crispa (Tafalla ex Howard) Howard Cinchona officinalis var. uritusinga (Pav. ex DC.) Howard Cinchona palton Pav. Cinchona peruviana Mutis Cinchona suberosa Pav. ex Howard. Cinchona uritusinga Pav. ex Howard Cinchona violacea Pav. ex Howard Cinchona weddelliana Kuntze Hindsia subandina Krause Quinquina officinalis (L.) Kuntze Quinquina palton (Pav.) Kuntze

Description

Cinchona officinalis is a shrub or tree with rugose bark and branchlets covered in minute hairs. Stipules lanceolate or oblong, acute or obtuse, glabrous. Leaves lanceolate to elliptic or ovate, usually about 10 centimetres (3.9 in). long and 3.5–4 centimetres (1.4–1.6 in). wide; acute, acuminate, or obtuse tip; base rounded to attenuate; coriaceous, glabrous above and often lustrous; glabrous beneath or puberulent or short-pilose, especially on the veins. Inflorescences in terminal panicles, many-flowered; hypanthium with short coarse hairs; reddish calyx, glabrous or nearly so, with triangular lobes; pink or red corolla, sericeous, the lobes ovate, acute, the corolla tube being about 1 cm. long. Fruit and oblong capsule, 1.5–2 cm. long, almost glabrous.[1][2]

Vernacular names

English: quinine, red cinchona, cinchona bark, Jesuit’s bark, loxa bark, Jesuit’s powder, countess powder, Peruvian bark.[3][4]

Spanish: quina, cascarilla, cargua cargua, corteza coja.[3][5]

French: quinquina, écorce du Pérou.[6]

Uses

Cinchona officinalis is a medicinal plant, one of several Cinchona species used for the production of quinine, which is an anti-fever agent. It is especially useful in the prevention and treatment of malaria. Other alkaloids that are extracted from this tree include cinchonine, cinchonidine and quinidine.[3]

References

External links

Media related to Cinchona officinalis at Wikimedia Commons

• Tropical Plants Database: Cinchona officinalis
• Data related to Cinchona officinalis at Wikispecies

На других языках

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- [en] Cinchona officinalis

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[es] Cinchona officinalis

Cinchona officinalis es una especie de árbol originario de América del Sur, que se encuentra en la selva lluviosa de la Amazonia peruana. Su corteza, que es denominada quina o quinaquina, posee amplias cualidades medicinales y adictivas al igual que otras especies del género Cinchona.[1] Su nombre vulgar en castellano, según el Diccionario de la Real Academia Española,  es “chinchona” y no “cinchona”. Su nombre viene del pueblo de Chinchón en la Comunidad de Madrid. La planta fue nombrada así en honor de la mujer de Luis Jerónimo Fernández de Cabrera y Bobadilla, conde de Chinchón y virrey del Perú en ese momento. La grafía “cinchona” proviene del italiano, ya que en esa lengua la sílaba escrita “ci” se pronuncia “chi”.

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[fr] Quinquina (botanique)

Cinchona officinalis • Quinquina gris

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