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Ceratocaryum argenteum, commonly known as silver arrowreed , is a species of plant in the Restionaceae family and is native to South Africa.[1]

Silver arrowreed
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Restionaceae
Genus: Ceratocaryum
Species:
C. argenteum
Binomial name
Ceratocaryum argenteum
Nees ex Kunth
Distribution of Ceratocaryum argenteum
Synonyms[1]
  • Ceratocaryum speciosum Nees ex Mast.
  • Restio argenteus Nees

Description


The caespitose plants are 2-3 m tall and grow in coastal sands at altitudes of 50-200 m above sea level. They flower throughout April to May. The plants release their tuberculate nut fruits in January.[2][3]


Ecology


Dung beetle climbing on a ball of dung. The seeds of Ceratocaryum argenteum resemble these dung balls in great detail and deceive dung beetles. The beetles disperse and bury the seeds, ensuring ideal germination conditions of the plants.
Dung beetle climbing on a ball of dung. The seeds of Ceratocaryum argenteum resemble these dung balls in great detail and deceive dung beetles. The beetles disperse and bury the seeds, ensuring ideal germination conditions of the plants.

Ceratocaryum argenteum has an unusual seed dispersal strategy. It employs chemical compounds to deceive dung beetles, which treat the seeds as if they were true animal fecal matter. The beetles bury the seeds.[4] This strategy of faecal mimicry is shared with another species, namely Ceratocaryum pulchrum.[2] The seeds are not consumed or gathered by rodents.[5] Their strategy of adaption to wildfires is to re-grow from seeds after such fires occur.[3]


Distribution


This species is found in Southern Regions of South Africa.[1]


Taxonomy


It is the sister species of Ceratocaryum pulchrum.[2]


References


  1. "Ceratocaryum argenteum Nees ex Kunth". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 5 July 2022.
  2. Midgley, J. J., White, J. D. M., Scholtz, C. H., & Johnson, S. D. (2021). "Seed dispersal by dung beetles in Ceratocaryum pulchrum (Restionaceae): Another example of faecal mimicry in plants." South African Journal of Botany, 137, 365-368.
  3. Linder, H. P. (2001). "Two new species of Ceratocaryum (Restionaceae)." Kew Bulletin, 465-477.
  4. Midgley, J. J., White, J. D., Johnson, S. D., & Bronner, G. N. (2015). "Faecal mimicry by seeds ensures dispersal by dung beetles." Nature Plants, 1(10), 1-3.
  5. Midgley, J. J., White, J. D., & Bronner, G. N. (2017). "Camera-trapping and seed-labelling reveals widespread granivory and scatter-hoarding of nuts by rodents in the Fynbos Biome." African Zoology, 52(1), 31-41.

На других языках

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[ru] Ceratocaryum argenteum

Ceratocaryum argenteum — вид однодольных трав из семейства Рестиевые (Restionaceae). Эндемик Капской провинции (заповедник Де Хооп, De Hoop Nature Reserve; Южно-Африканская Республика)[2]. Пример крайне редко встречающейся мимикрии среди растений в целях распространения семян[3].


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