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Cassia javanica, also known as Java cassia, pink shower, apple blossom tree and rainbow shower tree (Thai: ชัยพฤกษ์; Filipino: balayong),[2] is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae. Its origin is in Southeast Asia, but it has been extensively grown in tropical areas worldwide as a garden tree owing to its beautiful crimson and pink flower bunches.[3]

Cassia javanica
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Genus: Cassia
Species:
C. javanica
Binomial name
Cassia javanica
Subspecies
  • subsp. agnes (de Wit) K.Larsen
  • subsp. bartonii (F.M.Bailey) K.Larsen
  • subsp. javanica L.
  • subsp. microcalyx (H.S.Irwin & Barneby) K.Larsen
  • subsp. pubiflora (Merr.) K.Larsen
  • subsp. renigera (Wall. ex Benth.) K.Larsen
Synonyms[1]
List
    • Bactyrilobium javanica (L.) Hornem.
    • Cassia agnes (de Wit) Brenan
    • Cassia bacillus Gaertn.
    • Cassia bartonii F.M.Bailey
    • Cassia indochinensis (Gagnep.) V.Singh
    • Cassia javanica var. microcalyx H.S.Irwin & Barneby
    • Cassia javanica subsp. nodosa (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) K.Larsen & S.S.Larsen
    • Cassia megalantha Decne.
    • Cassia nodosa Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.
    • Cassia renigera Wall. ex Benth.
    • Cathartocarpus javanicus (L.) Pers.
    • Cathartocarpus nodosus (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Steud.

Description


Detail of flowers and leaves
Detail of flowers and leaves

Cassia javanica is a fast growing, deciduous / semi-deciduous tree which flowers in spring and sheds its leaves in the winter months. It has a straight trunk that reaches heights of 25 - 40m. The leaves are paripinnate with 12 pairs of elliptical leaves. The flowers range in colour from pale pink to crimson with yellow coloured stamens and are found in open clusters. The ground under the tree is covered with a beautiful carpet of pink towards the end of the flowering season. The fruit are housed in long cylindrical dark brown pods. Because of its beauty and suitable size C. javanica is planted as a shade and ornamental tree on streets and in parks.[4] C. javanica is polymorphic and several sub species such as those listed below exist.[5]


Range


Cassia javanica originated in Java and Sumatra.[6] Native range of this species is China, Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Myanmar, Mauritius, the Philippines,[7] United States and Pacific Islands. Today it is also commonly found in other places including Bangladesh, India and the Philippines.[5]


Flowering season


In India, C. javanica flowers in April/May and fruits and sheds its leaves in December. In Thailand, C. javanica flowers between Feb and April.[8] In the Philippines, C. nodosa or C. javanica nodosa flowers between February until the summer season.[9] In East Java, C. javanica flowers between October and December and fruits in the dry season.[5]


Cultural importance


Cassia javanica is one of Thailand's Nine Auspicious Trees and is said to bring good luck, ensure continued high rank and afford victory.[8] Its flower is the provincial flower of Chainat Province, Thailand.

The subspecies native to the Philippines, locally called balayong, is honored through the Balayong Festival in Puerto Princesa, Palawan. The flower is a historical symbol of feminine dominance, female beauty, and love in the language of herbs among the locals.[10]


Uses


It is used medicinally as a substitute to Cassia fistula for treating constipation, colic, chlorosis and urinary disorders.[11] Its leaves are effective against herpes simplex and the bark of C. javanica is one of the ingredients in ayurvedic and other traditional medicine antidiabetic formulations.[12][13] C. javanica yields a lightweight to heavy hardwood that is used for general construction, furniture and cabinet making.[5] The bark of C. javanica is used for tanning in the leather processing industry.[14]


References


  1. "Cassia javanica L." Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 7 April 2021.
  2. "IN PHOTOS: Where to find 'cherry blossoms' in the Philippines".
  3. UFL - Cassia javanica
  4. Cassia Javanica L, Anibal Niembro Rocas
  5. Agroforestree Database:a tree reference and selection guide
  6. Flowering Trees of Bangalore, S.Karthikeyan
  7. "IN PHOTOS: Where to find 'cherry blossoms' in the Philippines".
  8. "Thailand's 9 auspicious trees". Archived from the original on 2015-06-11. Retrieved 2015-08-02.
  9. "IN PHOTOS: Where to find 'cherry blossoms' in the Philippines".
  10. "IN PHOTOS: Where to find 'cherry blossoms' in the Philippines".
  11. Khare, C.P. (2007). Indian Medicinal Plants. Springer Verlag. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-387-70637-5.
  12. Kumavat, UC; Shimpi, SN; Jagdale, SP (2012). "Hypoglycemic activity of Cassia javanica Linn. in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats". J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 3 (1): 47–51. doi:10.4103/2231-4040.93562 (inactive 31 July 2022). PMC 3312727. PMID 22470893.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of July 2022 (link)
  13. C.Javanica Phytochemical and Pharmocologocal Profile
  14. Online Manual for the Forest Tree Seeds of Kerala


Media related to Cassia javanica at Wikimedia Commons


На других языках

- [en] Cassia javanica

[es] Cassia javanica

La casia de Java (Cassia javanica) es un árbol perteneciente a la familia de la fabáceas. Es un árbol caducifolio nativo del sudeste asiático. donde llega a alcanzar 24 m de alto. Los especímenes cultivados suelen medir la mitad de esa altura y tener una copa ancha y aplanada por la parte superior.

[fr] Casse de Java

Cassia javanica


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