Carex firma forms thick cushions. Its leaves are up to 8 centimetres (3.1in) long in normal conditions (up to 10cm or 4in in moist, sheltered localities), dark green and stiff.[1] The stems are up to 20cm (7.9in) tall (exceptionally 30cm or 12in), but always at least twice as long as the leaves.[1]
Ecology
In synecology, Carex firma is a characteristic part of the "Caricetum firmae" (also called "Firmetum"), which is an important community in the alpine zone over calcareous rock.[2]
Carex firma can survive temperatures as low as −50°C (−58°F).[3]
Taxonomy
Carex firma was first described by Nicolaus Thomas Host in 1797, in his work Synopsis Plantarum in Austria provinciisque adjacentibus sponte crescentium.[4]
References
M. A. Fischer, W. Adler & K. Oswald (2005). "Segge, Riedgras / Carex (inkl. Vignea)". Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol (in German) (2nded.). Land Oberösterreich, Biologiezentrum des OÖ Landesmuseum, Linz. pp.1093–1119. ISBN3-85474-140-5.
M. A. Fischer, W. Adler & K. Oswald (2005). "Standorts- und Vegetationsökologie". Exkursionsflora für Österreich, Liechtenstein und Südtirol (in German) (2nded.). Land Oberösterreich, Biologiezentrum des OÖ Landesmuseum, Linz. pp.127–135. ISBN3-85474-140-5.
Nicolaus Thomas Host (1797). "Carex". Synopsis Plantarum in Austria provinciisque adjacentibus sponte crescentium. Vienna, Austria: Christian Friedrich Wappler. pp.502–512.
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